Design of Rockets and Space Launch Vehicles, Second Edition is a comprehensive treatment of important concepts and applications. It provides enhanced understanding and exposure to practical aspects of design, engineering, manufacturing, and testing. The subject is mature, but the applications are changing and a new generation of engineers and designers are joining the aerospace industry. Although it is primarily intended for readers with at least a 3rd-year level knowledge of aerospace engineering, mathematics, and physics, because it contains many applications and step-by-step illustrated examples along with photographs or line drawings of actual hardware, it will also be of interest to practicing engineers, technical managers, and others who are interested in how rockets work in either the big picture sense, or in areas other than one's specialty. Readers of this book will understand “why things are done this way.”This second edition features numerous updates throughout, including new material on:
Current launch vehicle developments including SLS, Starship-Superheavy, Electron, Neutron, LauncherOne, Astra, Alpha, Vulcan, Ariane 6 (Ch. 2)
Historical information on Proton, Zenit, Angara, Centaur, Vega, Falcon 1, Falcon 9 (Ch. 2)
Discussion of hybrid and quasi-hybrid rockets, including new combustion cycles (Ch. 4)
A complete set of equations to allow the calculation of payload mass, propellant mass, structure mass, inert mass and liftoff mass knowing specific impulse and structural ratio (Ch. 5)
Information on carrying multiple payloads: ridesharing, piggybacking (Ch. 7)
New sections on recovery and reuse, including the physics, energy, and mass required to recover payload fairings, 1st steps, and upper steps (Ch. 14)
A table of recovery options including advantages & disadvantages and a simple cost analysis of vehicle reuse (Ch. 17)
Author(s): Don Edberg, Willie Costa
Edition: 2
Publisher: AIAA
Year: 2022
Language: English
Pages: 1107
Preface to the First Edition
Preface to the Second Edition
Foreword
About the Authors
Testimonials
Acknowledgements
Chapter 1: Launch Vehicles: Introduction, Operation, and the Design Process
1.1 Introduction to Launch Vehicles
1.2 Anatomy of a Launch Vehicle
1.3 The Phases of Launch and Ascent
1.4 Typical Launch Vehicle Mission and Mission Elements
1.5 The Typical Launch Vehicle Design Process
1.6 Launch Sites
1.7 Launch Site Selection Criteria
1.8 The Space Industry
1.9 Summary
References
1.10 Assignment: Launch Vehicle System Report
Chapter 2 A Technical History of Space Launch Vehicles
2.1 Rockets in the Early 20th Century
2.2 World War II and the Development of the V-2
2.3 The Cold War, ICBMs, and the First Space Launch Vehicles
2.4 The Moon Race
2.5 The Space Shuttle
2.6 Launch Vehicle Oddities and Dead-Ends
2.7 Other Launch Vehicles from Around the World
2.8 Commercial Launch Vehicles: The Future?
2.9 Small Launch Vehicles
References
Chapter 3 Missions, Orbits, and Energy Requirements
3.1 Launch Vehicle Requirements Derive from Payload and Mission
3.2 Orbits, Orbital Parameters, and Trajectories
3.3 Spacecraft Mission Orbits and Trajectories
3.4 Required Energy to Be Delivered for Orbit
3.5 Determining the Launch Vehicle Velocity Vector
3.6 Direct Orbit
3.7 Desired Inclination Less than Launch Latitude
3.8 Launch Vehicle Performance Curves
3.9 Launch Windows
References
3.10 Example Problems
Chapter 4 Propulsion
4.1 Combustion
4.2 The Thrust Equation and Rocket Equation
4.3 The Rocket Equation
4.4 Solid-Propellant Motors
4.5 Liquid-Propellant Engines
4.6 Examples of Rocket Engine Performance
4.7 Rocket Engine Power Cycles
4.8 Aerospike Engines
4.9 Hybrid Rockets
References
4.10 Example Problems
Chapter 5 Launch Vehicle Performance and Staging
5.1 The Three Categories of Launch Vehicle Mass
5.2 Finding a Rocket’s Speed Change in Free Space
5.3 Burnout Speed
5.4 Single-Stage-to-Orbit
5.5 Staging
5.6 Calculation of Speed Supplied by a Multistage Rocket
5.7 Payload Ratio
5.8 Unrestricted Staging
5.9 Gross Mass vs. Staging Speed for Families of TSTO LVs with Differing Propellants
5.10 All-Hydrogen Saturn V?
5.11 Parallel Burns and Staging
5.12 Launch Vehicle Design Sensitivities
5.13 Some Useful Results: Determining Component Mass Values
5.14 Summary
References
5.15 Exercises
Chapter 6 Ascent Trajectory Analysis and Optimization
6.1 Vertical Flight in Gravity, No Atmosphere
6.2 Inclined Flight in Gravity, No Atmosphere
6.3 General Flight with Gravity, Atmosphere Effects
6.4 Aerodynamics of Launch Vehicles
6.5 Getting to Orbit
6.6 Launch Vehicle Trajectory Simulation
6.7 Trajectory Optimization
6.8 Some Examples of Launch Profiles and Trajectories
6.9 Some Typical Launch Trajectories
6.10 Conclusion
References
6.11 Exercises
Chapter 7 Space Launch Vehicle Structures and Layout
7.1 The Thor IRBM
7.2 The Delta II: Evolved from Thor
7.3 Atlas Takes Tank Structure Principle to Extremes
7.4 The Mighty Saturns
7.5 The Saturn V
7.6 Another Way to Save Mass: Tank Dome Shapes
7.7 Spherical vs Cylindrical Tanks: Which Have Less Mass?
7.8 The Space Shuttle
7.9 Delta IV
7.10 Engine Configurations and Other Design Layout Considerations
7.11 Payload Accommodations
7.12 Launch Vehicle Structure Types
7.13 Structural Materials
References
Chapter 8 Sizing, Inboard Profile, Mass Properties
8.1 Inboard Profile
8.2 Vehicle or Step Mass Calculations
8.3 Liquid Propulsion System Real-Life Additions to Mass and Volume
8.4 Other Launch Vehicle Components
8.5 Solid Propulsion System Sizing
8.6 Comments about Upper Steps and Payload Fairings
8.7 Mass Estimation Process
8.8 Calculation of Tank or Shell Thicknesses
References
8.9 Exercises: Sizing, Inboard Profile, and Mass Properties of TSTO LV
Chapter 9 Ground and Flight Loads and Analysis
9.1 Launch Vehicle Load Cases
9.2 Example: Max-q Air Load Calculation for Saturn V/Apollo 11 (SA-506)
9.3 Load Curves Rules of Thumb
9.4 Global vs. Local Loads
9.5 Real Calculation of Vehicle Loads
9.6 Dealing with High-Altitude Winds
9.7 Design Issues for Ascent Phase
9.8 Load Relief During Launch
9.9 Endnote
References
9.10 Exercises
Chapter 10 Launch Vehicle Stress Analysis
10.1 Strength and Stress Analysis
10.2 Stress Determination Using External Loads
10.3 Allowable Stresses Based on Stability (Buckling) Criteria
10.4 Effect of Internal Pressure on Stresses
10.5 Determining the Overall Stress State
10.6 Real World Detailed Stress Analysis
10.7 Summary: Simple Rules for LV Structures
References
10.8 Exercises
Chapter 11 Launch Vehicle and Payload Environments: Vibration, Shock, Acoustic, and Thermal Issues
11.1 Mechanical Loads
11.2 Acoustic Environment
11.3 Launch Vehicle The rmal Environment
11.4 Payload En vironment: The Spacecraft’s Point of View
11.5 Spacecraft Structure Design Verification Process
11.6 Summary
References
11.7 Exercise
Chapter 12 Launch Vehicle Stability and Control; LV Vibration and Instabilities
12.1 Guidance and Navigation vs Attitude Control
12.2 Stability and Control 725
12.3 Controlled Vehicle Equations of Motion
12.4 Launch Vehicle Structural Vibrations and Instabilities
12.5 Propulsion Instabilities
12.6 Summary
References
12.7 Exercises: Vibration and TVC Analysis
Chapter 13 Launch Vehicle Manufacturing
13.1 Launch Vehicle Fabrication
13.2 Saturn I Second Step ( S-IV) Manufacturing Process
13.3 Composite Structure Fabrication
13.4 Manu facturing : The Future
13.5 Vehicle Stacking and Assembly
13.6 Postassembly Activities
13.7 Summary
References
Chapter 14 Launch Vehicle Systems and Launch Pad Facilities
14.1 Saturn V S-IC Fuel Systems
14.2 Launch Vehicle Pressurization
14.3 Saturn V S-IC Oxidizer Systems
14.4 Saturn V Mechanical Services
14.5 Staging and Separation Systems
14.6 Launch Vehicle Avi onics 860
14.7 Launch Pad Facilities and Ground Accommodations
14.8 Launch and Liftoff Considerations
14.9 Vehicle Recovery and Reuse
14.10 Summary
References
14.11 Exercise
Chapter 15 Testing, Reliability, and Redundancy
15.1 Testing
15.2 Redundancy
15.3 Summary
References
15.4 Exercise
Chapter 16 Failures, Lessons Learned, Flight Termination Systems, and Aborts
16.1 Causes of Expendable Launch Vehicle (ELV) Failures
16.2 Failure Rates of Launch Vehicles
16.3 Some Examples of Launch Vehicle Failures
16.4 Additional Ways to Learn from Others’ Mistakes
16.5 Range Safety and Flight Termination Systems
16.6 Best Practices to Avoid Failure
16.7 Summary
References
Chapter 17 Launch Vehicle Financial Analysis and Project Management
17.1 Stages of Mission Development
17.2 The Design Cycle
17.3 Design Decision Making
17.4 Cost Engineering
17.5 Cost Considerations
17.6 Cost Modeling Examples
17.7 Reusability Effects on Costs
17.8 The Effects of New Technology on Cost
17.9 Concluding Remarks
References
17.10 Exercises: LV Cost Estimation
Glossary and Abbreviations
Index
Supporting Materials
