The approach of this book is to demonstrate how theoretical aspects, drawn from topics on airplane aerodynamics, aircraft structures, stability and control, propulsion, and compressible flows, can be applied to produce a new conceptual aircraft design. The book cites theoretical expressions wherever possible, but also stresses the interplay of different aspects of the design which often require compromises. KEY TOPICS: Coverage includes the conceptual design of an aircraft; iterative and repetitive calculations, and the different degrees of dependence of the aircraft characteristics on changing input conditions. MARKET: For professionals in the Aerospace Engineering field.
Author(s): Thomas C. Corke
Edition: 1
Publisher: Pearson
Year: 2003
Language: English
Pages: 406
Contents
Preface
Chapter 1: Introduction
1.1 Defining A New Design
1.1.1 Aircraft Purpose
1.1.2 Payload
1.1.3 Cruise and Maximum Speeds
1.1.4 Normal Cruise Altitude
1.1.5 Range
1.1.6 Endurance
1.1.7 Take-Off Distance
1.1.8 Landing Distance
1.1.9 Purchase Cost
1.1.10 Federal Aviation Regulations
1.2 Design Process
1.3 Conceptual Design
Chapter 2: Preliminary Estimate of Take-Off Weight
2.1 Fuel Fraction Estimates
2.1.1 Engine Start-Up and Take-Off
2.1.2 Climb and Accelerate to Cruise Conditions
2.1.3 Cruise Out to Destination
2.1.4 Acceleration to High Speed (Intercept)
2.1.5 Combat
2.1.6 Return Cruise
2.1.7 Loiter
2.1.8 Landing
2.2 Total Take-Off Weight
2.3 Spreadsheet Approach for Take-Off Weight Estimate
2.3.1 Spreadsheet Structure
2.3.2 Using the Spreadsheet
2.3.3 Case Study: Take-Off Weight Estimate
2.3.4 Closing Remarks
2.4 Problems
Chapter 3: Wing Loading Selection
3.1 Take-Off
3.2 Landing
3.3 Climb
3.4 Acceleration
3.5 Range
3.6 Combat
3.6.1 Instantaneous Turn Rate
3.6.2 Sustained Turn Rate
3.7 Flight Ceiling
3.8 Glide Rate
3.9 Spreadsheet Approach for Wing Loading Analysis
3.9.1 Spreadsheet Structure
3.9.2 Case Study: Wing Loading Analysis
3.10 Problems
Chapter 4: Main Wing Design
4.1 Airfoil Cross-Section Shape
4.1.1 Airfoil Shape Selection
4.2 Taper Ratio Selection
4.3 Sweep Angle Selection
4.4 3D Lift Coefficient
4.5 Wing Drag Estimation
4.5.1 Base Drag Estimation
4.6 Planform Geometric Relations
4.7 Spreadsheet for Wing Design
4.7.1 Case Study: Wing Design
4.8 Problems
Chapter 5: Fuselage Design
5.1 Volume Considerations
5.1.1 Passenger Requirements
5.1.2 Crew Requirements
5.1.3 Fuel Storage Requirements
5.1.4 Internal Engines and Air Inlets
5.1.5 Wing Attachments
5.1.6 Landing Gear Placement
5.1.7 Armament Placement
5.2 Aerodynamic Considerations
5.2.1 Fuselage Fineness Ratio
5.2.2 Fuselage Shapes
5.3 Drag Estimation
5.4 Spreadsheet for Fuselage Design
5.4.1 Case Study: Wing Design
5.5 Problems
Chapter 6: Horizontal and Vertical Tail Design
6.1 Tail Arrangements
6.2 Horizontal and Vertical Tail Sizing
6.2.1 Vertical Tail Sizing
6.2.2 Aft-Horizontal Tail Sizing
6.2.3 Canard Sizing
6.2.4 Scaling for Different Tail Types
6.3 Tail Planform Shape
6.4 Airfoil Section Type
6.5 Tail Placement
6.5.1 Stall Control
6.5.2 Spin Control
6.6 Spreadsheet for Tail Design
6.6.1 Case Study: Tail Design
6.7 Problems
Chapter 7: Engine Selection
7.1 Propulsion Selection
7.2 Number of Engines
7.3 Engine Ratings
7.3.1 Take-Off
7.3.2 Maximum Climb
7.3.3 Maximum Cruise
7.4 Turbo-Jet Engine Sizing
7.4.1 Altitude and Velocity Effects
7.4.2 Installed Thrust Corrections
7.4.3 Spreadsheet for Turbo-Jet Engine Sizing
7.5 Propeller Propulsion Systems
7.5.1 Propeller Design for Cruise
7.5.2 Static Thrust
7.5.3 Turboprop Propulsion
7.5.4 Piston and Turboprop Sizing
7.5.5 Propeller Spreadsheet
7.6 Supersonic Business Jet Case Study
7.7 Problems
Chapter 8: Take-Off and Landing
8.1 Take-Off
8.1.1 Ground Roll
8.1.2 Rotation
8.1.3 Transition
8.1.4 Climb
8.1.5 Balanced Field Length
8.2 Landing
8.2.1 Approach
8.2.2 Transition
8.2.3 Free-Roll
8.2.4 Braking
8.3 Spreadsheet Approach for Take-Off and Landing Analysis
8.3.1 Case Study: Take-Off and Landing
8.4 Problems
Chapter 9: Enhanced Lift Design
9.1 Passive Lift Enhancement
9.1.1 Lift Determination
9.1.2 Drag Determination
9.2 Active Lift Enhancement
9.3 Spreadsheet for Enhanced Lift Calculations
9.3.1 Case Study: Enhanced Lift Design
9.4 Problems
Chapter 10: Structural Design and Material Selection
10.1 Structural Loads
10.1.1 Load Factors
10.1.2 V-n Diagrams
10.1.3 Design Load Factor
10.1.4 Wing Load Distribution
10.1.5 Shear and Bending Moment Analysis
10.1.6 Fuselage Load Distribution
10.1.7 Shear and Bending Moment Analysis
10.2 Internal Structure Design
10.2.1 Structural Analysis
10.3 Material Selection
10.3.1 Material Properties and Applications
10.4 Spreadsheet for Structure Design
10.4.1 Load Factors
10.4.2 Wing Load Distribution
10.4.3 Fuselage Load Distribution
10.5 Case Study: Structural Analysis
10.5.1 Load Factor
10.5.2 Wing Load Distribution
10.5.3 Fuselage Load Distribution
10.6 Problems
Chapter 11: Static Stability and Control
11.1 Refined Weight Estimate
11.1.1 Wing Weight
11.1.2 Horizontal Tail Weight
11.1.3 Vertical Tail Weight
11.1.4 Fuselage Weight
11.1.5 Main Landing Gear Weight
11.1.6 Nose Landing Gear Weight
11.2 Static Stability
11.2.1 Longitudinal (Pitch) Stability
11.2.2 Lateral Stability
11.2.3 Directional Stability
11.2.4 Aileron Sizing
11.2.5 Rudder Area Sizing
11.2.6 Longitudinal Stability Effect on Performance
11.3 Spreadsheet for Refined Weight and Stability Analysis
11.3.1 Refined Weight Analysis
11.3.2 Static Stability Analysis
11.4 Case Study: Refined Weight and Static Stability Analysis
11.4.1 Refined Weight Analysis
11.4.2 Static Stability Analysis
11.5 Problems
Chapter 12: Cost Estimate
12.1 Cost Estimating Relationships
12.1.1 Airframe Engineering
12.1.2 Development Support Cost
12.1.3 Engine and Avionics Cost
12.1.4 Manufacturing Labor Cost
12.1.5 Manufacturing Materials Cost
12.1.6 Tooling Cost
12.1.7 Quality Control
12.1.8 Flight Test Cost
12.1.9 Profit
12.1.10 Hourly Rates
12.2 Unit Price
12.3 Spreadsheet for Cost Estimation
12.4 Case Study: Cost Estimate
12.5 Problems
Chapter 13: Design Summary and Trade Study
13.1 Trade Study
13.1.1 SSBJ Trade Study
13.2 Problems
APPENDIX A: 1976 STANDARD ATMOSPHERE DATA
APPENDIX B: CASE STUDY: HIGH-PERFORMANCE KIT AIRCRAFT (HPKA)
B.1 Take-Off Weight Estimate
B.2 Wing Loading Selection
B.3 Wing Design
B.4 Fuselage Design
B.5 Tail Design
B.6 Propulsion System Design
B.7 Take-Off and Landing Analysis
B.8 Enhanced Lift Design
B.9 Refined Weight Analysis
B.10 Static Stability Analysis
B.11 Cost Analysis
B.12 Summary
APPENDIX C: CASE STUDY: KC-42 TANKER/TRANSPORT AIRCRAFT
C.1 Take-Off Weight Estimate
C.2 Wing Loading Selection
C.3 Wing Design
C.4 Fuselage Design
C.5 Tail Design
C.6 Engine Selection
C.7 Take-Off and Landing Analysis
C.8 Enhanced Lift Design
C.9 Refined Weight Estimate
C.10 Static Stability and Control
C.11 Cost Estimate
C.12 Design Summary
Bibliography
Index
