Design and Fabrication of Large Polymer Constructions in Space is a ground-breaking study of the polymeric materials, advanced chemical processes, and cutting-edge technology required in the construction of large polymer-based structures for space, when all steps in the process are carried out in the space environment, whether in orbit, in deep space, or on the surface of a moon, asteroid, or planet.
The book begins by introducing the fundamentals and requirements of large constructions and inflatable structures for space. The next section of the book focuses on the utilization of polymeric materials within the space environment, examining the effects on materials (vacuum, plasma, temperature), the possible approaches to polymerization both in space and in orbit, the preparation and structure of polymer composites, and the methods for testing materials and structures in terms of strength, defects, and aging. Three chapters then cover how these materials and techniques might be applied to specific categories of construction, including larger space habitats, supporting space structures, and ground infrastructure. Finally, the financial aspects, the consequences for human space exploitation, and the possible future developments are discussed.
Using materials science to push the boundaries of construction for space exploration and exploitation, this book is a unique resource for academic researchers and advanced students across polymer science, advanced materials, chemical engineering, construction, and space engineering, as well as for researchers, scientists and engineers at space agencies, companies and laboratories, involved in developing materials or technology for use in space. This is also of great interest to anyone interested in the role of materials science in the building of large space stations, spacecraft, planetary bases, large aperture antenna, radiation and thermal shields, and repairmen sets.
Author(s): Alexey Kondyurin
Publisher: Elsevier
Year: 2022
Language: English
Pages: 630
City: Amsterdam
Front Cover
Design and Fabrication of Large Polymer Constructions in Space
Design and Fabrication of Large Polymer Constructions in Space
Copyright
Contents
1 - Constructions in space
1.1 First rockets, first satellites
1.2 Payload capacity of past and present space launch systems
1.3 Human flights
1.4 Multi-crew member ships: Space Shuttle and Energia-Buran
1.5 Space stations
1.6 Why do we need a large space construction?
1.7 Requirements for large space constructions
1.8 Mechanical deployment
1.9 Making in space
1.10 Robots in space
2 - Inflatable structures
2.1 History of inflatable structures
2.2 Inflatable structures in space
2.2.1 Echo reflector
2.2.2 Inflatable airlock for Alexey Leonov
2.2.3 Inflatable antenna experiment Model
2.2.4 NASA inflatable antenna experiment (IAE)
2.2.5 Bigelow habitat
2.3 Inflatable structure projects
2.3.1 Projects of ILC Dover
2.3.2 Projects of L'Garde
2.3.3 Other projects
2.4 Folding methods
2.5 Inflation methods and equipment
2.6 Stability of an inflatable construction
2.7 Advantages and limitations
2.8 Rigidization of the inflatable construction
3 - Materials in the space environment
3.1 Space factors for Low Earth Orbit, Geostationary Earth Orbit, and deep space missions
3.1.1 Vacuum factor
3.1.2 Space plasma factors
3.1.2.1 Atomic oxygen
3.1.2.2 Vacuum ultraviolet irradiation
3.1.2.3 X-Rays and γ-rays
3.1.2.4 High-energy particles
3.1.3 Temperature factor
3.1.4 Microgravity factor
3.1.5 Meteorite factor
3.2 Environmental factors on other planets
3.2.1 The Moon
3.2.2 Mars
3.3 Space simulators
3.4 Materials experiments in space environment and simulators
3.4.1 Polyimide
3.4.2 Polyethylene terephthalate
3.4.3 Perfluorinated polymers
3.4.4 Other polymers
3.4.5 Epoxy resin composites
3.4.6 Other materials
3.4.7 Protective coatings on polymer against atomic oxygen in Low Earth Orbit
3.5 Materials experiments in stratosphere
3.6 Structural transformations in polymers under high-energy particles
3.7 Chemical reactions in polymers exposed to radiation
3.8 Material selection and standards
3.9 Uncured materials in a free space environment
4 - Chemical curing of composite materials on Earth
4.1 Epoxy resins
4.2 Hardeners for epoxy resins
4.3 Epoxy compositions for space applications
4.4 Curing kinetics of epoxy resins
4.5 Ultraviolet curing kinetics
5 - Chemical curing in a vacuum
6 - Chemical curing in plasma and ion beams
6.1 Uncured solid epoxy resin in plasma
6.2 Cured solid epoxy resin in plasma
6.3 Liquid epoxy compositions in plasma
6.4 Liquid ultraviolet-curable composition in plasma
6.5 Mechanical properties of composite cured in plasma
7 - Chemical curing in temperature variations
8 - Chemical curing in flights
8.1 Stratospheric flight experiments
8.1.1 First stratospheric flight from Alice Springs in 2009
8.1.2 Second stratospheric flight from adelaide in 2012
8.1.3 Third stratospheric flight from Moscow region on Apr. 21, 2013
8.1.4 Fourth and fifth stratospheric flights from Moscow region on Apr. 5 and 27, 2014
8.1.5 Sixth stratospheric flight from Moscow region on Jun. 6, 2014
8.1.6 Seventh, eighth and ninth stratospheric flights from Moscow region in Dec. 2014
8.1.7 Tenth and eleventh stratospheric flights from Moscow region in 2016
8.2 Space orbit flight experiments
8.3 Ground facility for curing in simulated spaceflight environment
9 - Composite wall structures
9.1 Selection of fibers and resins
9.2 Prepreg winding
9.3 Prepreg impregnation
9.4 Wall structure
9.5 Design of the construction
9.6 Windows and docking elements
9.7 Folding
9.8 Storage requirements on the Earth
9.9 Launch requirements
9.10 Storage in orbit
9.11 Deployment in space
10 - Curing process in Earth orbit
10.1 Lagrange L2 point
10.2 Earth orbits
10.3 Moon orbit
10.4 Mars orbit
10.5 Venus orbit
10.6 Construction on surface of other celestial bodies
10.6.1 Curing on the moon’s surface
10.6.2 Curing on surface of mars and other planets
10.7 Optimization of orbital flight
11 - Evaluation of construction
11.1 Evaluation of a construction on Earth
11.1.1 Analysis of components
11.1.2 Control of assembly, storage, and transportation of the construction on Earth
11.2 Control of unfolding in orbit
11.3 Control of curing in orbit
11.4 Evaluation of cured construction
11.5 Defect detection and healing
11.6 Use of old constructions and materials
12 - Large space habitat
12.1 Common systems for all crew missions
12.1.1 Installation of thermal systems
12.1.2 Installation of radiation protection
12.1.3 Habitat architecture
12.1.4 Installation of life support system
12.1.5 Installation of energetic systems
12.1.6 Installation of bioenvironment
12.1.7 Artificial gravity
12.2 Some examples of a large space habitat
12.2.1 Orbital space station
12.2.2 Orbital space factory
12.2.3 Orbital space greenhouse
12.2.4 Orbital communications station
12.2.5 Space port
12.2.6 Space hotel
12.2.7 Spaceship for a trip in solar system
12.2.8 Moon base
12.2.9 Mars base
12.2.10 Venus base
12.2.11 Asteroid mining station
12.2.12 Space colony for interstellar missions
13 . Supporting space structures
13.1 Solar panels
13.2 Thermal shields
13.3 Large reflector
13.4 Large solar sail
13.5 Large antenna
13.6 Technician set
13.7 Space garage or hangar
13.8 Rescue systems in space
14 - Ground infrastructure
14.1 Cosmodrome structures
14.2 Large-scale winding machines
14.3 Packing (folding) machines
14.4 Transport container
15 - Prospective finances and investment
15.1 Cost of large space constructions
15.2 Cost of research and development
15.3 Customers
15.4 Investment projects of space technologies
Bibliography
References
Index
A
B
C
D
E
F
G
H
I
J
K
L
M
N
O
P
R
S
T
U
V
X
Z
Back Cover
