Introduction
Shell structures are widely used in the fields of civil, mechanical, architectural, aeronautical, and marine engineering. Shell technology has been enhanced by the development of new materials and prefabrication schemes. Despite the mechanical advantages and aesthetic value offered by shell structures, many engineers and architects are relatively unacquinted with shell behaviour and design.
This book familiarizes the engineering and architectural student, as well as the practicing engineer and architect, with the behaviour and design aspects of shell structures. Three aspects are presented: the Physical behaviour, the structural analysis, and the design of shells in a simple, integrated, and yet concise fashion. Thus, the book contains three major aspects of shell engineering: (1) physical understanding of shell behaviour; (2) use of applied shell theories; and (3) development of design methodologies together with shell design examples.
The theoretical tools required for rational analysis of shells are kept at a modest level to give a sound grasp of the fundamentals of shell behaviour and, at the same time, an understanding of the related theory, allowing it to be applied to actual design problems. To achieve a physical understanding of complex shell behaviour, quantitative presentations are supplemented by qualitative discussions so that the reader can grasp the `physical feeling' of shell behaviour. A number of analysis and detailed design examples are also worked out in various chapters, making the book a useful reference manual.
This book can be used as a textbook and/or a reference book in undergraduate as well as graduate university courses in the fields of civil, mechanical, architectural, aeronautical, and materials engineering. It can also be used as a reference and design-analysis manual for the practicing engineers and architects. The text is supplemented by a number of appendices containing tables of shell analysis and design charts and tables.
Author(s): Mehdi Farshad
Series: Solid Mechanics and Its Applications
Edition: 1
Publisher: Springer Science+Business Media B.V.
Year: 1992
Language: English
Pages: XII, 424
City: Dordrecht
Tags: Fundament, Concrete Design Development, Liquid Structural Analysis, Shell Structure
Cover
Half Title
Series Reference
Title
Legal Page
Contents
Preface
1. Introduction to Shells
1.1 - Introduction
1.2 - Uses of Shell Structures
1.3 - Geometry of Shells
1.4 - Classifications of Shell Surfaces
Surfaces of revolution
Surfaces of translation
Ruled surfaces
1.5 - Summary of Classifications of Shell Surfaces
1.6 - Outline of General Structural Features of Shells
References for Chapter One
2. Preliminaries of Shell Analysis and Design
2.1 - Introduction
2.2 - Thin Shells
2.3 - Internal Force System in a Shell
2.4 - Qualitative Description of Shell Behavior
2.5 - An Overview of Shell Theories
2.6 - Assumptions of Classical Shell Theories
2.7 - Force Method of Shell Analysis
2.8 - General Shell Design Considerations
2.9 . Stability Considerations in Shell Design
2.10 - Codes of Practice
References for Chapter Two
3. Membrane Behavior of Cylindrical Shells
3.1 - Introduction
3.2 - Geometrical Description
3.3 - Membrane Equations of Cylindrical Shells
3.4 - Cylindrical Vaults
3.5 - Containment Vessels
3.5.1 - Fluid Tanks
3.5.2 - Pipes under Internal Pressure
3.6 - Membrane Deformation of Cylindrical Shells
3.7 - Displacements of Cylindrical Vaults
Numerical Example 3.1
Solution
3.8 - Qualitative Description of Cylindrical Shells Behavior
Problems
References for Chapter Three
4. Bending Analysis of Circular Cylindrical Shells
4.1 - Introduction
4.2 - General Governing Equations
4.2.1 . Equilibrium Equations
4.2.2 - Kinematic Relations
4.2.3 - Constitutive Relations
4.3 - Displacement Equations of Circular Cylindrical Shells
4.4 - Circular Cylinders with Axisymmetric Loading
4.5 - Some Axisymmetric Problems of Circular Cylinders
4.5.1 - General Solution to Axisymmetric Problems
4.5.2 - A Fundamental Problem
4.5.3 . Thin Circular Cylinders under Internal Pressure
4.5.4 - Analysis of Liquid Retaining Cylindrical Shells
Numerical Example 4.1
Solution
Problems
References for Chapter Four
5. Design of Concrete Cylindrical Shell Roofs
5.1 - Introduction
5.2 - Geometrie Design of Cylindrieal Shell Roofs
5.2.1 - Overall Dimensioning of the Shell
5.2.2 - Dimensions of Edge Beams
5.2.3 - Profile, Central Angle, and Curvature of the Shell
5.2.4 - Rise of the Shell
5.2.5 - Shell Thickness
5.3 - Reinforcement of Concrete Cylindrical Roofs
5.4 - Beam-Arch Method of Vaulted Roof Analysis
(1) - Beam Analysis
(2) - Arch Analysis
(3) Synthesis of Results of Beam and Arch Analyses
Numerical Example 5.1
Solution
Beam Analysis
Arch Analysis
5.5 - Analysis of Cylindrical Vaults by ASCE Tables
5.6 - Design Examples of Reinforced Concrete Cylindrical Shell Roofs
5.6.1 - Design of a Single Shell without Edge Bearns
Design
5.6.2 - Design of an Inner Shell in a Shell Group
5.6.3 - Design of a Single Simply Supported Shell with Edge Beams
(1) Shell geometry
(2) Results of shell analysis
(3) Variations of internal forces in the cross section
(4) Plan of reinforcement
5.6.4 - Design of an Inner Shell in a Shell Group with Edge Beams
(1) Geometry of the system
(2) Results of shell analysis
(3) Reinforcement system
Problems
References for Chapter Five
6. Membrane Analysis of Shells of Revolution
6.1 - Introduction
6.2 - Geometrical Description
6.3 - Governing Membrane Equations
6.4 - Rotational Shells with Axisymmetric Loading
6.5 - Spherical Domes
6.5.1. - Membrane Forces
6.5.2. - Domes with skylight
Numerical Example 6.1
Solution
6.6 - Fluid Storage Tanks
6.6.1 - Spherical Liquid Storage Tank
6.6.2 - Cylindrical Tanks with Spherical Ends
6.6.3 - Pressure Vessels
6.7 - Shells of Revolution with Nonaxisymmetric Loading
6.8 - Wind-Induced Stresses in Domes
6.9 - Displacements of Axisymmetric Shells
6.10 - Membrane Deformation of Spherical Domes
Numerical Example 6.2
Solution
6.11 - Qualitative Description of Dome Behavior
6.12 - Conical Shells
Problems
References for Chapter Six
7. Bending Analysis ofAxisymmetric Shells
7.1 - Introduction
7.2 - Governing Equations for Axisymmetric Shells
7.2.1 - Equilibriurn Equations
7.2.2 - Kinematic Relations
7.2.3 - Constitutive Relations
7.3 - Reduction of Shell Equations
7.4 - Edge Effects in Axisymmetric Shells
7.5 - Analysis of Axisymmetric Shells for Edge Effects
7.6 - Influence Coefficients for Axisymmetric Shells
7.7 - Force Method ofAxisymmetric Shells Analysis
7.8 - Sampie Analysis of a Dome
Solution
(1) Membrane analysis
(2) Bending (corrective) analysis
(3) Superposition of membrane and bending analyses
Problems
References for Chapter Seven
8. Design of Reinforced Concrete Domes
8.1 - Introduction
8.2 - Domes with Rings
8.3 - Force Method of "Dome-Ring" Analysis
8.3.1 - General Methodology
Method checklist
8.3.2 - Analysis of the Ring
8.3.3 - Analysis of Domes Under Edge and Distributed Forces
8.3.4 - "Dome-Ring" Interaction
8.3.5 - Summary of "Dome-Ring" Analysis Relations
(a) Membrane deformation field
(a-1) The dome
(a-2) The ring
(b) Bending field - The influence coefficients
(b-l) The dome
(b-2) The ring
8.3.6 - Application oe the Force Method
8.4 - Buckling Considerations in the Design of Domes
8.5 - Design Guides for Dome Geometry
8.6 - Design of a Reinforced Concrete "Dome-Ring" Roof
Design
Problems
References for Chapter Eight
9. Analysis of Shells with Arbitrary Geometry
9.1 - Introduction
9.2 - Membrane Theory of General Shells
9.2.1 - Geometrical Description of Arbitrary Surfaces
9.2.2 - Methodology of Membrane Analysis of General Shells
9.2.3 - Equilibrium Equations of General Shells
9.2.4 - Solution of Membrane Equations by Stress Function
9.3 - Bending Theory of Shallow Shells
(a) Equations or Equilibrium
(b) Kinematic Relations
(c) Constitutive Relations
(1) Theory of flat plates
(2) Membrane shallow shells
Problems
References for Chapter Nine
10. Design of Hyperbolic Paraboloid Shells
10.1 - Introduction
10.2 - GeometricaI description
10.3 - Membrane Analysis of HP Shells
Numerical Example 10.1
Solution
10.4 - Description of Membrane Behavior of HP Shells
10.5 - Bending Field in Hyperbolic Paraboloid Shells
(I) Shell with fixed edges
(Il) Shell with hinged edge
10.6 - General Design Considerations of HP Shells
10.7 - Design of a Reinforced Concrete HP Shell Roof
(1) Membrane analysis
(2) Bending analysis
(3) Shell Reinforcement
Problems
References for Chapter Ten
11. Analysis and Design of Folded Plates
11.1 - Introduction
11.2 - General Features of Folded Plates
Structural behavior
11.3 - General Design Considerations of Prismatic Folded Plates
11.4 - Methodology of Analysis of Folded Plates
11.4.1 - Prelirninary Analysis
(a) Transverse slab analysis
(b) Longitudinal plates analysis
(c) Matching of plates
11.4.2 - Corrective Analysis
Stage list
11.4.3 - Compatibility Analysis and Superposition of Results
11.5 - Basic Steps in tbe Folded Plates Analysis
11.5.1 - Schematics of analysis
11.5.2 - Shear Stresses at Plates Junctions
11.5.3 - Distribution of Junctional Shear Forces
11.5.4 - Summary of Analysis Procedure
11.6 - Analysis of a RC Folded Plate Roof
Analysis
(1) Preliminary analysis
(a) Transverse slab analysis
(b) Longitudinal plates analysis
(2) Corrective analysis
Loadings on longitudinal plates
Stresses at the junctions
In-plane displacements of longitudinal plates
(3) Superposition of preliminary and corrective solutions
Problems
References for Chapter Eleven
12. Design of Liquid Retaining Shells
12.1 - Introduction
12.2 - Classifications of Liquid Containers
(1) Configuration
(2) Size
(3) Location
(4) Application
(5) Materials of Construction
12.3 - General Design Considerations
12.3.1 - Shape Design
12.3.2 - Serviceability Design
12.4 - Loading Conditions
12.5 - Axisymmetric Behavior of CircuIar Containers
12.6 - Force Method of Container Shells Analysis
12.6.1- Influence Coefficients
12.6.2 - Analysis of "Wall - Base" Interaction
(1) Hinged Wall to Base Connection
(2)- Wall Fixed to Its Base
(3) Semi-Rigid Wall to Base Connection
12.6.3 - Analysis of Wall to Roof Connection
(1) Full container with no load on the roof
(2) Empty container with loaded roof
(3) General case- Full container with loaded roof
12.7 - An Example of Cylindrical Container Analysis
Analysis
(1) Hinged wall-base problem
(2) Wall with rigid base
(3) Wall with flexible base slab
(4) Full container with unloaded roof slab
(5) Empty container with loaded roof slab
12.8 - Design of a Reinforced Concrete Container
Design
12.9 - Some Considerations on Reinforcements Detail
12.10 - Cylindrical Walls with Domed Roofs
(1) Membrane analysis
(2) Bending analysis
(3) Superposition
12.11 - Design of a Cylindrical "Wall-Dome" Container
1) Analysis of the system
(a) "Wall-dorne" interaction
Membrane deformations
Influence coefficients
Compatibility relations
(b) Wall-base interaction
2) Reinforcement design
Hoop reinforcement
Vertical reinforcement
Problems
References for Chapter Twelve
13. Buckling of Shells
13.1 - Introduction
13.2 - Concepts of Stability and Instability
13.3 - Types of Loss of Static Stability
13.3.1 - Bifurcation of Equilibrium
(1) Stable symmetrical bifurcation
(2) Labile symmetrical bifureation
(3) Labile unsymmetrical bifurcation
13.3.2 - Limitation of equilibrium
13.4 - An Overview of Shell Buckling
13.5 - Methodology of Linear Stability Analysis of Shells
13.6 - Buckling of Circular Cylindrical Shells
(1) Equations of equilibrium
(2) Constitutive relations
(3) Kinematic relations
13.7 - Buckling of Circular Cylinders under Axial Force
13.7.1 - General Modes of Cylinders Buckling under Axial force
(1) Ring buckling
(2) Chessboard mode
(3) Diamond-shape buckling
13.7.2ยท Buckling of Axially Loaded Cylindrical Shells
13.7.3 - Buckling of Cylindrical Shells under External Pressure
(1) Very long cylinders with free ends
(2) Short cylinder with ends held circular, but otherwise unconstrained
(3) Closed-end cylinders subjected to both axial and lateral pressure
13.8 - Buckling of Concrete Cylindrical Roofs
13.9 - Buckling Formulas for Shells of Revolution
(1) Complete spherical shell under uniform external pressure
(2) Long conical shell with semi-vortex angle a under axial vortex load P
13.10 - Buckling of Domes
13.10.1 - Buckling Modes of Domes
13.10.2 - Buckling of Concrete Domes
13.11 - Buckling of Hyperbolic Paraboloid Shells
13.11.1 - General Buckling Behavior of HP Shells
13.11.2 - Buckling Formulas for Hyperbolic Paraboloid Shells
Problems
References for Chapter Thirteen
Appendixes
Appendix A - Formulas for the Membrane Field in Shells
Appendix B -Tables For Analysis of Circular Cylindrical Shell Roofs
Subject Index
Book Catalog
