Exploring two large economies which were heavily affected by deindustrialisation in the late twentieth century, this book provides insights into the social movements that brought about and also challenged industrial reduction in Europe. Both the Ruhr region in Germany and the Northwest of Italy experienced major structural transformation from the 1960s as a result of deindustrialisation. With contributions from experts in the field, this collection provides a comparative overview of each region, examining policy implementation, class relations, the changing political economy and environmental impact. Analysing industrial and post-industrial landscapes, urban developments and labour relations, the authors place their transnational findings within the context of the wider literature on deindustrialisation in the global North. A much-needed contribution to deindustrialisation studies, which have traditionally focused on North America and the UK, this book is a useful read for those researching deindustrialisation and the social history of Europe.
Author(s): Stefan Berger, Stefano Musso, Christian Wicke
Series: Palgrave Studies in the History of Social Movements
Publisher: Palgrave Macmillan
Year: 2022
Language: English
Pages: 495
City: Cham
Series Editors’ Preface
Contents
Notes on Contributors
List of Figures
List of Tables
1 The Unmaking of Industrial Landscapes: The North-Western Italian Industrial Triangle and the Ruhr Region in Germany
Deindustralization Studies—Developments, Agendas and Theoretical Perspectives in a Transdisciplinary Field of Studies
Comparative Perspectives on Deindustrialization Process in the North West of Italy and the Ruhr Region in Germany
Conclusion: The Future of Two Iconic Industrial Landscapes in Europe
References
Part I Introducing Industrial Landscapes
2 The Industrial Cultural Landscape of the Ruhr: Its Structures and Perspectives
Introduction
The Spatial Development of the Cultural Industrial Landscape
Pre-industrial and Early Industrial Foundations
The Industrial Setup (1840–1869)
The Industrial Expansion and the Setting of Early Urban Infrastructure (1870–1918)
The Industrial Consolidation and the Beginning of Urban and Regional Planning (1919–1945)
The Economic Reconstruction and Urban Reproduction (1947–c. 1960)
The Deindustrialization of the Coal Mining and Iron and Steel Industries (1957/1958–2018)
The Industrial Cultural Landscape of the Ruhr
Structural Changes
Reducing Functional Deficits, Urban Repairs (c. 1965–…)
Urban and Regional Conversion and Innovation (1989–…)
The Industrial Cultural Landscape—Perspectives
References
3 The North West of Italy
References
Part II Living Deindustrialization—Lifeworlds of Deindustrialization
4 The People’s Memories? Oral Histories of Industry in the Deindustrializing Ruhr
Cultural Activists And Oral Historians Encountering Change From The 1960s to 1980s
Industrial Heritage as Outlet for Collective Memory?
The ‘Mainstreaming’ of Industrial Heritage and the Return of a History from Below
Conclusion: (De-)Industrial Memories then and Now
References
5 ‘The Master Director of All This is Time’: An Oral History Project in Sesto San Giovanni
Introductory Remarks
Proximity to Milan, a Double Edged Sword
What Has This to Do with Deindustrialization?
The Research Project
Oral History: Two Criticisms, a Necessary Digression
Public History: Three Ways of Being Public
‘A Postponed Perception of the Present’
A New ‘Deindustrial’ Structure of Feeling
Conclusion
References
Part III Managing Economic Decline
6 Which Endogenous Potential and Which Exogenous Aids Promote the Management of Structural Change in the Region? Experiences from the Ruhr Area
Introduction
History
Laissez-Faire Attitudes and Crisis Management in the Early Mining Crisis 1958–1966/7
Failure of Crisis Management and New Policies
Efforts in Structural and Regional Policies Since the 1960s
Regional Structural Policy for the Ruhr Area in North Rhine-Westphalia: A Learning Process
Integrated Measures in the Multi-Level System
Regional Governance
Conclusion: Lessons Learned
References
7 The Deindustrialization of Genoa: Resistance and the Search for a New Identity
Features and Decline of an Industrial City
Responding to the Crisis
Some Concluding Remarks
References
Part IV Labor Relations Under Conditions of Deindustrialization
8 Forms of Glocalization: Economic Globalization and Political Regulation. The Role of Labor Relations in the Process of Economic Restructuring in the Ruhr Area
Theoretical Approaches: Globalization—Labor Relations—Power Resource Theory
Strong Power Resources: The Regulation of the Coal Mining industry’s Decline
Weak Power Resources: The Shut Down of the Automobile Plant in the Ruhr Valley
Conclusions and a View into Future Developments
References
9 The Role of Labor Relations in the Process of Deindustrialization in Italy’s Northwest
Introduction
The “Italian Way” Toward Deindustralization
Trade Unions in the Wake of Restructurings
Northwest Metamorphosis
Labor Relations in a Context of Industrial Decline
The “Industrial Triangle” in the 1980s
A Blurred Transition
Conclusion
References
Part V Urban Developments Under Conditions of Deindustrialization
10 Urban Development Under Conditions of Deindustrialization. Approaches from the Ruhr Region in Germany
Introduction
Historical Context and Challenges of the Ruhr Region
Historical Developments
Planning Challenges and Opportunities
Approaches to Restructuring and Urban Redevelopment
Economic Interventions, Education and Public Private Partnerships
Addressing Liveability, Environmental Quality and Image
Beyond IBA Emscher Park: Emerging Planning Approaches Toward a Polycentric and Sustainable Region
Strengthening the Regional Infrastructure
Densification of Urban and Suburban Centers
Districts as Innovation Hubs
Urban Planning for Social Justice and Cohesion
Space for Experiments
Summary and Conclusions
References
11 Milan, the Story of an Urban Metamorphosis
Introduction
The Eclipse of Industrial Milan
A New and Different Milan
Factory Shutdowns and Urban Renewal
Provisional Closing Remarks
References
12 Deindustrialization in Turin and the Role of Local Government for Economic and Urban Change
Introduction
The Most Fordist Town of Italy, the Industrial Decline and its Administration
The Recovery from Decline and the Perspective of a New Internationally Competitive City
The Strategic Plan of the City: International City Marketing and a Social Pact
A Self-Representation of Success and the Role of an Economy of Culture and of Urbanism
The Path Dependent Innovation of the Local Economy Versus the Knowledge Economy Model of UE
The Crisis of 2008 and Its Aftermaths: The Limits of Local Resilience
Change of Local Government, Lack of Public Expenses, Dismissal of the Urban Contract
Uncertain Perspectives of a New Model: The Search for Postgrowth After Deindustrialization
Conclusion—Hints for a Comparison with Milano, Genova, Ruhr: Lessons from and for Torino
References
Part VI Environmental Developments Under Conditions of Deindustrialization
13 Layers of New Green: Postindustrial Landscapes and Identity Formation in the Ruhr Valley, Germany
Introduction: Landscape and Regional Identities
Industrial Nature and the Production of Postindustrial Landscapes
Duisburg North Landscape Park—A Landscape Between Industrial Heritage, Nature and Light Display
Harmonizing Region and Environment
Aestheticizing the New Green
Zollverein Park and World Heritage Zeche zollverein—“The Gateway to the Ruhr Valley”
Harmonizing Region and Environment at Zollverein
Postmodern Art and the New Green
Conclusions
References
14 Πάντα ῥεῖ (Panta Rhei, Everything Flows): Greening Industry’s Rivers and the Making of New Landscapes in Turin
Introduction
The Industrial Region: Representations and Simplifications
From Industrial to Post-Industrial Landscape
Industrial Crisis, Territorial Crisis
The Forgotten Environment
The Discovery of Risk and Environmental Crisis
Black Holes of Industrial Legacy: The Contaminated Sites
The Industrial City Turns Green: Rehabilitated Post-Industrial Landscapes in Turin
The Dora Park and the Iron Valley
Stura Lowlands
Mirafiori Sud and the Sangone River
Final Remarks
References
Part VII Cultures of Deindustrialization
15 Re-using Industrial Sites in the Ruhr: Agendas and Developments
Introduction
The Beginnings of Heritagization and the Formation of Heritage Actors
Re-using Industrial Space: The Gasometer in Oberhausen
Re-using Industrial Space: The Landscape Park in Duisburg
Re-using Industrial Space: The Zollverein Mining Site
Conclusion
References
16 Reusing Former Industrial Areas in the North-West of Italy
Introduction
Paths of the Deindustrialization
Reusing Heritage
Former Industrial Sites as Urban Icons
Crespi Village
Ivrea Olivetti
The Contemporary Cultural Reinvention of the Heritage Site
Prada Foundation
Officine Grandi Riparazioni
The Missed Opportunity
The Vulcano Site
The Pasini Sale and the Decay of the Constructions
The Commercial Heritage Mall
The Abandoned Landscape
The SNIA Varedo
Milanese & Azzi Cement Industry
The Sense of Heritage Valorization in Contemporary Urban Processes
References
17 Toward the Comparative and Transnational Study of Deindustrialization
References
Index
