Defining Effective Transboundary Water Cooperation

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This book establishes a framework for defining transboundary water cooperation and a methodology for evaluating its effectiveness, which will contribute to more effective and therefore successful cooperation processes.

With the increasing focus on transboundary cooperation as a part of the Sustainable Development Goal Framework, there is global recognition of transboundary water cooperation as a tool for improved governance and management of transboundary surface and groundwaters. However, there is not an agreed upon definition of transboundary water cooperation in the literature or in practice. This book develops the Four Frames of Transboundary Water Cooperation, which is a neutral modular framework for developing context-specific explanatory definitions of transboundary water cooperation in basins and aquifers. The Four Frames of Cooperation are legal, institutional, relational, and outcome. However, we need to move beyond defining cooperation to understand better measures of the quality and effectiveness of cooperative processes. The Weighted Model of Effective Cooperation presents a first step in qualitatively evaluating the effectiveness of transboundary water cooperation. This model defines effective transboundary water cooperation and operationalizes a method to evaluate the effectiveness of cooperative processes over internationally shared waters. Effective cooperation emphasizes the relational and outcome frames of cooperation while working towards equitability and sustainability. Together, the Four Frames of Cooperation and the Weighted Model of Effective Cooperation will improve the understanding of cooperation and encourage a detailed evaluation of the quality, success, and effectiveness of cooperative processes.

This book will be of great interest to students and scholars of water resource management, water governance, and environmental politics. It will also appeal to policymakers and professionals working in the fields of water conflict, water diplomacy, and international cooperation.

Author(s): Melissa McCracken
Series: Earthscan Studies in Water Resource Management
Publisher: Routledge/Earthscan
Year: 2022

Language: English
Pages: 273
City: London

Cover
Endorsement
Half Title
Series Information
Title Page
Copyright Page
Dedication
Table of Contents
Figures
Tables
Acknowledgments
1 Using a Common Language for Transboundary Waters
A Tool for Navigating the Book
Common Terminology
References
Part I Why Is a Consistent Definition to Measure Transboundary Water Cooperation Needed?
2 Presenting the Two Challenges: Defining Transboundary Water Cooperation and Measuring Its Effectiveness
Transboundary Surface and Groundwaters
Cooperation in the Context of International Water Law
Presenting the Two Challenges
Challenge 1: Multiple Understandings of Transboundary Water Cooperation
Challenge 2: How Can Transboundary Water Cooperation Be Effective?
Conclusion and Book Overview
Notes
References
3 Demonstrating the Challenges: SDG Indicator 6.5.2: Measuring Operational Arrangements for Transboundary Water Cooperation
Sustainable Development Goals
Conceptualizing SDG Indicator 6.5.2
Case Study Locations
Water Resources and Transboundary Water Cooperation in Bangladesh
Overview of Water Resources
Overview of Transboundary Cooperation
Water Resources and Transboundary Water Cooperation in Honduras
Overview of Water Resources
Overview of Transboundary Cooperation
Water Resources and Transboundary Water Cooperation in Uganda
Overview of Water Resources
Overview of Transboundary Cooperation
Method 1: Methodology for SDG Indicator 6.5.2
Discussion of Method 1
Method 2: Flexibility in Levels of Operational Cooperation
Discussion of Method 2
Method 3: Typology of Cooperation Promoting Effective Water Management
What Can We Learn From Comparing These Three Interpretations of Transboundary Water Cooperation?
Conclusion
Notes
References
Part II Challenge 1: How Is Transboundary Water Cooperation Defined?
4 A Lack of Consensus in Defining Transboundary Water Cooperation
Cooperation in the Broader Literature
Survey of Existing Measures of Transboundary Water Cooperation
Mapping the Resilience of International River Basins to Future Climate Change-Induced Water Variability
Water Cooperation Quotient
Transboundary Waters Assessment Programme
The Blue Peace Index
Other Measures of Transboundary Water Cooperation
Notes
References
5 Similar Terms: Teasing Out Definitions of Transboundary Water Cooperation
Explicit and Implicit: How Is Cooperation Discussed?
Common Key Elements of Cooperation
Blurred Lines: Differentiating Between Cooperation, Management, Governance, and Diplomacy
Water Diplomacy
Global Water Governance
Water Management
Cooperation ‘Lowercase C’ Versus Transboundary Water Cooperation
A Definition of Cooperation
Notes
References
6 Framing Transboundary Water Cooperation: A Framework Definition
Introducing the Four Frames of Cooperation
The Legal Frame of Cooperation
The Institutional Frame of Cooperation
The Relational Frame of Cooperation
The Outcome Frame of Cooperation
The Four Frames of Cooperation Framework
Influential Factors On Transboundary Water Cooperation: Scale and Context
Scale
Context
Application of the Four Frames of Cooperation: Two Examples
Defining Cooperation in the Lake Victoria Sub-Basin
Defining Cooperation in the Goascorán River Basin
Conclusion
Notes
References
Part III Challenge 2: What Makes Transboundary Water Cooperation Effective?
7 Murky Waters: Trying to Define Effectiveness for Transboundary Water Cooperation
Effectiveness in the Broader Literature
Effectiveness in the Transboundary Water Literature
Effective Water Governance
Treaty Effectiveness
River Basin Organization And/or Institutional Effectiveness
Foundational Studies On Effective Transboundary Water Cooperation
Conclusion: Moving From Literature to Data
Note
References
8 Unpacking Effectiveness: Developing a Definition of Effective Transboundary Water Cooperation
Explicit and Implicit Discussions of Effective Cooperation
Aspects of Effectiveness
Examples of Effective Cooperation
Defining the Lack of Effectiveness
Barriers to Effective Cooperation
Examples of Basins and Aquifers With Barriers to Effective Cooperation
Bringing It All Together
Notes
References
9 Evaluating Effective Transboundary Water Cooperation: A Model for Effectiveness
Introducing the Weighted Model of Effective Cooperation
Expanding On the Weighted Model of Effective Cooperation: What Is Being Evaluated?
Context
Scale
Time
Expanding On the Weighted Model: What Is the Evaluation Standard?
Point of Reference
Unit of Measurement
Expanding On the Weighted Model of Effective Cooperation: How Do We Compare Against the Standard?
How to Use the Weighted Model of Effective Cooperation?
Stage 1: Parameters
Stage 2: Assessment
Stage 3: Evaluation
Conclusion
Notes
References
10 A Path Forward for Effective Cooperation Over Transboundary Waters
Challenge 1: A Framework for Defining Transboundary Water Cooperation
Challenge 2: A Method for Evaluating Effective Transboundary Water Cooperation
Considerations for Application
A Path Forward
Note
References
Appendix A: Key elements of cooperation
Appendix B Aspects of Effectiveness
Appendix C Barriers to Effective Cooperation
Index