Defected Ground Structure (DGS) Based Antennas: Design Physics, Engineering, and Applications

Cover
Title Page
Copyright
Contents
Author Biographies
Preface
Acknowledgments
Chapter 1 Introduction to DGS: The Concept and Evolution
1.1 Introduction
1.2 Evolution of DGS
1.3 Definition and Basic Concept
1.4 Geometries and Classification
1.4.1 Unit Cell DGS
1.4.1.1 Dumbbell‐Shaped DGS
1.4.1.2 Variations of Dumbbell‐Shaped DGS
1.4.1.3 Spiral‐Shaped DGS
1.4.1.4 Variations of Spiral‐Shaped DGS
1.4.1.5 H‐Shaped DGS
1.4.1.6 U‐ and V‐Shaped DGSs
1.4.1.7 Ring‐Shaped DGS
1.4.1.8 Other DGS Geometries
1.4.1.9 Tunable DGS Geometries
1.4.2 Periodic Uniform DGS
1.4.3 Periodic Nonuniform DGS
1.4.4 Asymmetric DGS
1.5 An Outline of Applications
References
Chapter 2 Theoretical Analysis and Modeling
2.1 Introduction
2.2 LC and RLC Modeling
2.2.1 Equivalent Circuit Parameter Extraction
2.2.2 Utilization of the Extracted LC for n‐Pole DGS Filter Design
2.2.3 RLC Circuit Modeling
2.3 LC Circuit Modeling: Variants and Improvements
2.3.1 Pi‐Type Equivalent Circuit
2.3.2 Modeling of Spiral DGS with Periodic Resonance
2.3.3 Modeling of DGS with Aperiodic Stopbands
2.3.4 Some Modifications in Modeling Approach
2.4 Transmission Line Modeling
2.5 Quasistatic Modeling
2.5.1 Microstrip Gap Model
2.5.2 Microstrip Cross Junction Model
2.5.3 Modeling of the Rest Current Paths
2.6 Modeling of Isolated DGS for Antenna Applications
2.7 Comments on the Modeling Techniques
References
Chapter 3 DGS for Printed Antenna Feeds
3.1 Introduction
3.2 Impedance Matching of Antenna Feed Lines
3.3 Controlling the Harmonics in Printed Antennas
3.3.1 Suppression of Second Harmonic (2f0)
3.3.2 Suppression up to Third Harmonic (3f0)
3.3.3 Suppression up to Fourth Harmonic (4f0)
3.4 Filtering Antenna Using DGS
3.5 Improved Isolation Between Antenna Ports
3.6 Improvement of Antenna Bandwidth
3.6.1 Lowering the Q‐Factor
3.6.2 Adjusting Higher Resonances
3.7 Antenna Miniaturization
References
Chapter 4 DGS to Control Orthogonal Modes in a Microstrip Patch for Cross‐Pol Reduction
4.1 Introduction
4.2 Understanding of Radiating Modes in Microstrip Patches
4.2.1 Rectangular Patch
4.2.2 Circular Patch
4.3 What Were the Known Methods to Deal with the Cross‐Polarized Fields?
4.4 Suppression of Cross‐Polarized Fields by DGS Integration Technique: Coax‐Fed Patches
4.4.1 Controlling the OCDM and Cross‐Polarized Radiations in E‐Plane
4.4.2 Controlling of TM21 Mode and Cross‐Polarized Radiations in Circular and Elliptical Patches
4.4.3 Controlling TM02 Mode in a Rectangular Patch and H‐Plane Cross‐Polarized Radiations
4.4.4 Visualization of the Modal Fields and the Effect of the DGSs
4.4.5 Universal DGS: Applicable to Both Circular and Rectangular Patch Geometries
4.4.6 DGS for Triangular Microstrip Patch
4.5 Suppression of Cross‐Polarized Fields by DGS Integration Technique: Microstrip‐Fed Patches
4.6 Recent Works and New Trends
4.6.1 New DGS Geometries
4.6.2 New Design Concept of Substrate Field Symmetry
4.6.3 Reconfigurable Grid DGS
4.7 New Endeavor: Addressing XP Issues Across Skewed Radiation Planes
4.8 Practical Aspects of DGS‐Integrated Antennas
References
Chapter 5 Multi Parametric Cross‐Polar Sources in Microstrip Patches and DGS‐Based Solution to All Radiation Planes
5.1 Background and Introduction
5.2 Mathematical Explanations of Cross‐Polarized Fields
5.2.1 Sources of Ex and Ey Components
5.2.2 How to Combat Ey Components
5.3 Detailed Investigations in to the XP Sources
5.3.1 Rectangular Patch
5.3.2 Square and Circular Patches
5.4 DGS‐Based Designs for Low XP in All Radiation Planes
5.4.1 Design of Microstrip Line‐Fed Circular Patch Antenna
5.4.2 Design of a Coax‐Fed Rectangular Patch
5.4.3 Designing a Patch with Non‐proximal DGS
5.5 Conclusion
References
Chapter 6 DGS‐Based Low Cross‐Pol Array Design and Applications
6.1 Introduction
6.2 Low Cross‐Pol Microstrip Array Design
6.2.1 Coax‐Fed Microstrip Array
6.2.2 Microstrip Line‐Fed Array
6.3 Array Design for Reduced Mutual Coupling
6.4 DGS‐Based Array for Different Applications
6.4.1 Elimination of Scan Blindness
6.4.2 Millimeter‐Wave Imaging with Suppressed XP
6.4.3 High‐Performance Rectenna Array
6.4.4 Enhancement of Scanning Range
References
Chapter 7 DGS Based Mutual Coupling Reduction: Microstrip Array, 5G/MIMO, and Millimeter Wave Applications
7.1 Introduction
7.2 Mutual Coupling Mechanisms
7.2.1 Mutual Coupling Through Radiations
7.2.2 Mutual Coupling by Surface Waves
7.2.3 Coupling Through Ground Plane Currents
7.3 Known Techniques to Control Mutual Coupling
7.4 DGS Based Solutions to Mutual Coupling
7.5 Major Applications
7.5.1 Elimination of Scan Blindness in Large Arrays
7.5.2 Enhancement of Scan Range in Phased Array
7.5.3 DGS Based Compact Antennas for 5G/MIMO/Millimeter Wave Applications
7.6 Conclusion
References
Chapter 8 DGS Applied to Circularly Polarized Antenna Design
8.1 Introduction
8.2 Basic Principle of CP Generation in a Microstrip Patch
8.3 Some Important Aspects and Challenges in CP Designs
8.4 DGS Integrated Single‐Fed CP Antenna Design
8.4.1 Use of Slot‐Type DGS
8.4.2 Use of Fractal DGS
8.4.3 Use of Grid DGS
8.4.4 Use of PIN Switch Integrated Reconfigurable DGS
8.5 DGS as a Supportive Component to CP Design
8.5.1 DGS for Improved Surface Current
8.5.2 DGS for Balanced Orthogonal Modes
8.5.3 DGS for Optimizing CP Bandwidth
8.5.4 DGS for Beam Squint Correction and Improved CP Quality
8.6 Evolving Applications: DGS in SIW‐Based CP Antennas
References
Chapter 9 DGS Integrated Printed UWB Monopole Antennas
9.1 Introduction
9.2 Improved Impedance Bandwidth and Multiband Operation
9.2.1 Improved Impedance Matching of UWB Antennas
9.2.2 DGS Induced Resonances for Improved UWB Operation
9.3 Band Notch Characteristics in UWB Antennas
9.3.1 DGS Based UWB Antenna to Avoid Interference up to C‐Band
9.3.2 UWB Antenna for Multi‐Notch Band Extending to X‐Band
9.4 Applications to Band Notch UWB MIMO Antennas
9.5 Time Domain Behavior of DGS Based UWB Monopole
9.6 Conclusion
References
Index
EULA