Deaf Culture: Exploring Deaf Communities in the United States

Contents
......Page 6
Preface......Page 12
Acknowledgments......Page 17
About the Authors......Page 18
Part I. Deaf Culture:
Yesterday and Today......Page 20
Chapter 1 Deaf Community:
Past and Present......Page 22
Deaf Children of Culturally Deaf Parents......Page 27
Deaf Children of Hearing Parents......Page 28
Hard-of-Hearing Individuals......Page 29
DeafBlind Persons......Page 30
Demographics......Page 31
Historical Highlights......Page 32
Contemporary Descriptions......Page 39
Deaf Gain......Page 40
Deaf Ethnicity......Page 41
Conclusions......Page 42
References......Page 43
Audiologists and Audiograms......Page 46
Hearing Levels and Labels......Page 54
Acquired Loss......Page 55
Sensorineural Loss......Page 56
History of Auditory Technology......Page 57
Current Auditory Innovationsand Rehabilitation......Page 59
Hearing Level Screening......Page 60
Hearing Aids......Page 63
Cochlear Implants......Page 64
Cochlear Implant Controversy......Page 67
Genetic Engineering......Page 68
Genetic Controversy......Page 69
References......Page 71
Part II.
Signed Languages and Learning......Page 76
French Roots......Page 78
Native American Roots......Page 80
The Role of Gestures and Home Signs......Page 81
New England Roots......Page 82
ASL Beyond the U.S. andCanadian Borders......Page 83
How Sign Languages Are Spread......Page 84
Learning ASL......Page 85
ASL for Hearing People......Page 86
ASL Content and Structure......Page 87
ASL Content......Page 88
ASL as a Linguistic Science......Page 89
ASL Phonology......Page 91
ASL Morphology......Page 92
ASL Grammar......Page 93
ASL Discourse......Page 94
The Manual Alphabet......Page 95
Tactile Modality......Page 97
Iconicity......Page 99
Black American Sign Language......Page 100
ASL Literacy and Literature......Page 101
References......Page 102
Chapter 4
Deaf Education and Deaf Culture......Page 106
Early Identification and Parents......Page 107
Special Education Legislation......Page 108
The Manual/Oral Controversy......Page 111
Communication and
Language Approaches......Page 113
ASL/English Bilingual Approach......Page 115
Bimodal Bilingual Approach......Page 116
Contact Signing......Page 117
Simultaneous Communication (SimCom)......Page 118
Monolingual Oral/Aural Approaches......Page 120
Hearing Level, Age of Onset, Etiology, Additional Disabilities, Ethnicity,
and Parent Hearing Status......Page 122
State or Center Schools for the Deaf......Page 124
Day Schools......Page 125
Inclusion, Mainstreaming, Itinerant,
and Coenrollment Programs......Page 126
Charter Schools and Alternative
Educational Approaches......Page 127
Juvenile Corrections......Page 128
Academic Achievement, Teacher and
Educational Interpreter Quality......Page 129
Integrating ASL and Deaf Culture
Into the School Curriculum......Page 131
Role of Deaf Teachers
and Deaf Professors......Page 134
In the Classroom......Page 135
Classroom, School Acoustics,
and Auditory Technology......Page 137
References......Page 138
Chapter 5 How Deaf Children
Think, Learn, and Read......Page 144
IQ Tests......Page 145
Cognitive Abilities......Page 147
Visual Attention, Imagery, and Visual Spatial Skills......Page 148
Memory and Learning......Page 149
Metacognition......Page 150
Executive Functioning......Page 151
Language Pathways......Page 152
Early Gestures, Family
Communication, and Play......Page 153
ASL, Spoken Language, and
Hearing Milestones......Page 155
The Brain, Bimodal Bilingualism,
and Sign Language......Page 157
What Is ASL/English Bilingualism?......Page 158
ASL/English Bilingual
Framework and Strategies......Page 160
Reading and Deaf Students......Page 161
Frameworks Providing Full,
Natural Access to Language......Page 163
Outcomes......Page 165
Cochlear Implant Benefits
and Challenges......Page 167
Outcomes......Page 168
References......Page 169
Part III.
Deaf Lives, Technology, Arts, and Career Opportunities......Page 176
Chapter 6
Deaf Identities......Page 178
Deaf Identities......Page 180
Disability Framework......Page 182
Social Identity Theory......Page 183
Racial Identity Development Framework......Page 184
Deaf Identity Development Framework......Page 185
Acculturation Model......Page 189
The Narrative Approach......Page 192
Intersectionality......Page 193
Ethnicity/Race......Page 194
Sexual Orientation......Page 195
Disability......Page 196
References......Page 197
Chapter 7 Navigating Deaf and
Hearing Worlds......Page 200
Forms of Discrimination......Page 201
Resilience......Page 203
The Role of Relationships in
Strengthening Resilience......Page 204
The World of Work......Page 207
Health
Issues......Page 209
Mental Health Issues
......Page 210
Domestic Violence......Page 213
Criminal Justice Issues......Page 214
Aging Issues......Page 215
References......Page 217
Chapter 8 Technology
and Accessibility......Page 220
History: Foundations for Access
......Page 221
Deaf Community and Access
......Page 222
Captions......Page 223
Telephones......Page 230
Alerting Devices or Systems......Page 237
Wake-Up Devices......Page 239
Baby Alerting Devices......Page 240
Emergency Announcements......Page 242
Assistive Systems and Devices......Page 243
Innovative Technology......Page 245
References......Page 250
Arts......Page 256
Visual and Tactile Arts......Page 257
De’VIA......Page 259
Deaf Theater......Page 263
Deaf in Television and Movies......Page 265
Deaf Music and Dancing......Page 267
Literature......Page 271
ASL Literature......Page 272
Deaf Literature: English
......Page 275
Online ASL and Deaf Literature......Page 278
Media......Page 282
Deaf Images: Digital Arts
and Photography......Page 283
Deaf Motion: Cinema and Film......Page 285
References......Page 287
Chapter 10 Advocating and
Career Opportunities......Page 292
Deaf-Hearing Collaboration......Page 293
Interpreters......Page 295
Teachers......Page 297
Early Childhood Educators......Page 299
Audiologists......Page 300
Speech and Language Therapists......Page 302
Vocational Rehabilitation
Counselors and Job Coaches......Page 303
Mental Health Service Providers......Page 304
School Counselor......Page 305
Clinical Psychology......Page 306
Emergency Medical Technicians......Page 307
References......Page 308
Chapter 11 Final Thoughts on
Deaf Culture and Its Future......Page 310
References......Page 315
Index......Page 318