Neurovirology is the study of neurologic disorders caused by neurotropic viruses. This issue of Neurologic Clinics features the latest clinical advances in this important subspecialty, including articles on such topics as the pathogenesis and diagnosis of viral infections of the nervous system, aseptic meningitis and viral myelitis, arboviruses, rabies, HIV neuropathy and myelopathy, herpetic infections, Epstein-Barr virus, post-infectious encephalomyelitis, and emerging neurotropic viruses.
Author(s): Christopher Power, Richard Johnson MD
Series: The Clinics: Internal Medicine
Edition: 1
Publisher: Saunders
Year: 2008
Language: English
Commentary: 38904
Pages: 246
Cover......Page 1
Preface......Page 2
Erratum......Page 5
The host......Page 6
Neuroglial cells......Page 7
The healthy central nervous system......Page 8
The virus......Page 9
Viral entry into target cells......Page 11
The CNS innate immune response to viral infection......Page 13
Clearance of RNA viruses......Page 14
Clearance of DNA and retroviruses......Page 15
Meningitis......Page 16
Clinical history......Page 17
Lumbar puncture and CSF analysis......Page 18
Summary......Page 20
References......Page 21
Aseptic meningitis......Page 23
Clinical features......Page 24
Epidemiology......Page 25
Differential diagnosis......Page 27
Pathophysiology and pathogenesis......Page 28
Enteroviruses......Page 29
Nonviral pathogens......Page 30
Diagnostic approach......Page 31
Management......Page 32
Viral myelitis......Page 33
Clinical features......Page 34
Differential diagnosis......Page 35
Pathogenesis......Page 36
Polioviruses......Page 37
Diagnostic approach......Page 38
Management......Page 39
References......Page 40
Herpes Simplex Infections of the Nervous System......Page 44
Pathology of herpes simplex virus encephalitis infections......Page 46
Diagnosis of herpes simplex virus encephalitis......Page 47
Treatment of herpes simplex virus encephalitis......Page 52
Ganglionic latency......Page 54
Encphalitis caused by herpes simplex virus type 2......Page 55
Diagnosis......Page 56
Summary......Page 57
References......Page 58
Varicella Zoster Virus Infection: Clinical Features, Molecular Pathogenesis of Disease, and Latency......Page 62
Varicella......Page 63
Herpes zoster......Page 64
Postherpetic neuralgia......Page 66
Varicella zoster virus vasculopathy......Page 67
Acute retinal necrosis......Page 68
Progressive outer retinal necrosis......Page 69
Zoster sine herpete......Page 70
Vaccination......Page 71
Physical and molecular properties of varicella zoster virus......Page 72
Latency......Page 73
Animal models of varicella zoster virus infection......Page 74
Simian varicella virus as a model for human varicella zoster virus disease......Page 75
Summary......Page 76
References......Page 77
Epidemiology of multiple sclerosis......Page 85
Epidemiology......Page 87
Human autoimmune diseases caused by Epstein-Barr virus......Page 88
Serology......Page 89
Infection in brain tissue......Page 90
Pathogenesis of Epstein-Barr virus in multiple sclerosis......Page 91
Summary of evidence for Epstein-Barr virus......Page 92
Epidemiology......Page 93
Laboratory evidence......Page 94
Pathogenesis of canine distemper virus in multiple sclerosis......Page 95
Summary of evidence for canine distemper virus......Page 96
References......Page 97
Pathogenesis......Page 102
Clinical features......Page 104
Diagnostic aspects......Page 105
Transmission by transplantation......Page 107
Therapy of human rabies......Page 108
References......Page 109
North American Encephalitic Arboviruses......Page 112
Pathogenesis......Page 115
Asymptomatic infections......Page 118
Acute flaccid paralysis and myelitis syndrome......Page 119
Diagnosis of arbovirus encephalitis......Page 121
Management and prognosis......Page 122
Prevention......Page 123
Clinical features......Page 124
Diagnosis......Page 125
Therapy and prognosis......Page 126
Laboratory studies......Page 127
Epidemiology......Page 128
Therapy and prognosis......Page 129
Therapy and prognosis......Page 130
Diagnosis......Page 131
Epidemiology......Page 132
California encephalitis group (La Crosse virus) (family: Bunyaviridae)......Page 133
Prognosis and therapy......Page 134
Clinical features......Page 135
Clinical features......Page 136
References......Page 137
Acute Disseminated Encephalomyelitis: Clinical and Pathogenesis Features......Page 143
Clinical presentation......Page 145
Pathology......Page 146
Viral etiologies......Page 147
Postvaccinal acute disseminated encephalomyelitis......Page 150
Central nervous system involvement in immune reconstitution inflammatory syndrome......Page 151
Acute disseminated encephalomyelitis pathogenesis......Page 152
Immune-mediated mechanisms......Page 153
Differential diagnosis......Page 154
Treatment......Page 157
References......Page 158
Treatment of HTLV-I-Associated Myelopathy/Tropical Spastic Paraparesis: Toward Rational Targeted Therapy......Page 165
Risk factors for development of HAM/TSP......Page 166
Diagnosis......Page 167
Pathology......Page 168
Pathogenesis......Page 169
Therapy......Page 170
HAM/TSP relevant biomarkers......Page 171
Plasmapheresis and intravenous gammaglobulin......Page 172
Interferons......Page 173
Valproic acid......Page 175
References......Page 176
HIV Infection of the Central Nervous System: Clinical Features and Neuropathogenesis......Page 182
HIV-1-associated neurocognitive disorders......Page 183
Pediatric HIV-associated neurocognitive disorders......Page 188
Seizures/epilepsy......Page 189
Vacuolar myelopathy......Page 190
HIV-1 neuropathology and neuropathogenesis......Page 191
Acknowledgments......Page 195
References......Page 196
Diagnosis and Management of HIV-Associated Neuropathy......Page 203
Incidence, prevalence, and risk factors......Page 204
Pathogenesis......Page 205
Clinical features......Page 206
Diagnostic studies......Page 208
Treatment......Page 209
References......Page 212
Progressive Multifocal Leukoencephalopathy......Page 215
Epidemiology......Page 216
Diagnosis......Page 217
Biology......Page 222
Cellular immunology......Page 225
Therapy......Page 226
Prognosis......Page 227
References......Page 228
Emerging Issues in Neurovirology: New Viruses, Diagnostic Tools, and Therapeutics......Page 237
West Nile virus......Page 239
Nipah virus......Page 240
Hepatitis C virus......Page 241
Factors promoting emergent agents......Page 242
New diagnostic tools......Page 243
Responses to emergent neurologic infections......Page 244
References......Page 245
