Current Cancer Biomarkers is a comprehensive review on the status of biological markers for various types of cancer. It aims to update readers on current developments on the subject. The contents are divided into 5 sections covering a wide range of biomarkers and their diagnostic applications. The range of tumour biomarkers referenced here gives insights into molecular mechanisms behind cancer, including initiation, development, progression, prognosis, response to the therapeutic modalities, recurrence, and point-of-care application to detect cancer.
Key features
- Introduction of the basic features of cancer markers
- Comprehensive and updated coverage of potential and effective biomarkers including genomic, epigenomic, transcriptomic, proteomic, cellular and morphologic factors
- Information on biomarkers in many types of cancers including breast cancer, colorectal cancer, skin cancer, leukemia, liver cancer and prostate cancer
- Applications of biomarkers in cancer diagnosis
- Structured contents with easy-to-understand sections and headings
- References for advanced readers
The updated information about different aspects of cancer markers in the experimental and clinical setting will enrich the reader's understanding of the disease. The information serves as a resource to help in better management of cancer patients and understanding cancer biology when planning medical research projects. The book is intended as a reference for a diverse audience: biomedical science students, medical students, academics, researchers, clinicians and multidisciplinary teams involved in cancer management and research.
Author(s): Farhadul Islam
Publisher: Bentham Science Publishers
Year: 2023
Language: English
Pages: 399
City: Singapore
Cover
Title
Copyright
End User License Agreement
Contents
Foreword
Preface
List of Contributors
Part 1: Introduction and Clinically Used Biomarker
Introduction: Current Status and Future Advances in Cancer Biomarkers
Farhadul Islam1,*
INTRODUCTION
Classical Cancer Biomarker
Diagnostic Cancer Biomarkers
Prognostic Cancer Biomarkers
Predictive Cancer Biomarkers
Future Cancer Biomarkers
CONCLUDING REMARKS
CONSENT FOR PUBLICATION
CONFLICT OF INTEREST
ACKNKOWLEDGEMENT
REFERENCES
Tumour Markers in Clinical Use
Sujani M. K. Gamage1,2,*, Chamath D. Ranaweera3,4, Tracie T. Cheng1, Sharmin Aktar1,5, Vinod Gopalan1 and Farhadul Islam6
INTRODUCTION
Markers for Colorectal Cancer
Diagnosis
Prediction of Prognosis
Follow up
Markers for Breast Cancer
Markers for Thyroid Cancer
Importance of Thyroglobulin in Differentiated Thyroid Cancer (DTC)
Surveillance after Thyroidectomy
Determination of the Requirement of Radioactive Iodine Therapy
Importance of Calcitonin in Medullary Thyroid Carcinoma (MTC)
Marker for Hepatocellular Carcinoma
Screening
Staging and Further Assessment
Surveillance in HCC
Markers for Gall Bladder and Cholangiocarcinoma
Screening
Diagnosis
Follow up
Markers for Pancreatic Carcinoma
Screening
Diagnosis and Workup
Follow up
Markers for Ovarian Carcinoma
Screening
Diagnosis
Follow up
Markers for Testicular Carcinoma
Beta-hCG (β-hCG)
Lactate Dehydrogenase (LDH)
Alpha-Fetoprotein (AFP)
Markers in Neuroendocrine Tumours
Markers in Prostate Cancer
Screening
Diagnosis
Treatment
Follow up
CONCLUSION
CONSENT FOR PUBLICATION
CONFLICT OF INTEREST
ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS
REFERENCES
Part 2: DNA/RNA Biomarkers
DNA Methylation Landscapes in Cancer and Non-Cancer Cells
Shaun Stangl1,* and Vinod Gopalan1,*
INTRODUCTION
Normal DNA Methylation Location
Aberrant DNA Methylation in Cancer Genomes
Methylation-Based Biomarkers
Bladder Cancer
Breast Cancer
Colorectal Cancer
Lung Cancer
Ovarian Cancer
Prostate Cancer
CONCLUDING REMARKS
CONSENT OF PUBLICATION:
CONFLICT OF INTEREST
ACKNOWLEDGMENTS
REFERENCES
Karyotyping and Chromosomal Aberrations in Cancer: Molecular and Diagnostic Biomarkers
Tracie T. Cheng1,*, Sujani M. K. Gamage1,2, Sharmin Aktar1, Vinod Gopalan1 and Farhadul Islam3,4
INTRODUCTION
CHROMOSOMAL ABERRATIONS AND CANCER
The Cell Cycle Condensed
Structural Aberrations and Associated Cancer Markers
Genetic Biomarkers for Structural Chromosome Aberrations
DNA Damage Checkpoint
Replication Fork
DNA Repair
Characteristic Aneuploidy as a Cancer Marker and Its Associated Genes
The Centrosome and the Centromere
The Kinetochore-Microtubule Complex
The Spindle Assembly Checkpoint
CONCLUDING REMARKS
CONSENT FOR PUBLICATION
CONFLICT OF INTEREST
ACKNOWLEDGEMENT
REFERENCES
Tumour DNA Sequencing
Farhadul Islam1,*
INTRODUCTION
Genetic Alterations in Cancer
Genetic Tests for Cancer
Breast Cancer
Ovarian Cancer
Colorectal Cancer
Thyroid Cancer
Prostate Cancer
Pancreatic Cancer
Lung Cancer
Skin Cancer
Cancer Genome Sequencing: The Future of Precision Medicine
CONCLUSION
CONSENT FOR PUBLICATION
CONFLICT OF INTEREST
ACKNOWLEDGEMENT
REFERENCES
Circulating Tumour DNA: A Promising Cancer Biomarker
Sharmin Aktar1,2, Plabon Kumar Das3, Vinod Gopalan1, Alfred King-yin Lam1, 4 and Farhadul Islam5,*
INTRODUCTION
CIRCULATING TUMOR DNA (CTDNA)
Biology of ctDNA
The Mechanism of ctDNA Entry into the Bloodstream
Detection of ctDNA
ctDNA as a Promising Biomarker in Cancer Diagnosis and Prognosis
ctDNA as Diagnostic Biomarker
ctDNA as Prognostic Biomarker
Challenges
CONCLUSION
CONSENT FOR PUBLICATION
CONFLICT OF INTEREST
ACKNOWLEDGEMENT
REFERENCES
Circulating Tumour Cells in Solid Cancer
Sharmin Aktar1,2, Tracie T. Cheng1, Sujani M. K. Gamage1,3, Vinod Gopalan1 and Farhadul Islam3,4,*
INTRODUCTION
Circulating Tumour Cells (CTCs): Cytomorphology, Biology and Isolation Techniques
CTCs in Solid Cancers
Breast Cancer
Lung Cancer
Gastrointestinal Tract Cancers
Head and Neck Cancer
Prostate Cancer
Renal Carcinoma
Other Cancers
CTCs as Surrogate Biomarker in Clinical Application
CTCs as Diagnostic Biomarkers
CTCs as Prognostic Biomarkers for Survival Analysis
CTCS AS A PREDICTIVE BIOMARKER
In Treatment Monitoring
In Risk of Disease Relapse
Current Challenges in CTC Clinical Research
CONCLUSION
CONSENT FOR PUBLICATION
CONFLICT OF INTEREST
ACKNOWLEDGEMENT
REFERENCES
Part 3: Protein/Enzyme Biomarkers
Protein Cancer Biomarkers
Sarath S. Joseph1, Dan H. V. Tran1, Farhadul Islam2 and Vinod Gopalan1,*
INTRODUCTION
PROTEIN BIOMARKERS
α-Smooth Muscle Actin (α-SMA)
BRAF
Breast Cancer Gene 1 and 2 (BRCA 1 and 2)
Calretinin
CD117
CD20
CD30
Chromogranin A
Cytokeratin (TPA, TPS & CYFRA 21.1)
Desmin
Epidermal Growth Factor Receptor (EGFR)
Echinoderm Microtubule-Associated Protein-Like 4 (EML4) and Anaplastic Lymphoma Kinase (ALK) Fusion (EML4-ALK Fusion)
Estrogen Receptor/Progesterone Receptor (ER/PR)
FIP1-like-1/Platelet-derived Growth Factor Alpha (FIP1L1-PDGFRα)
Friend Leukaemia Integration-1 Protein (FLI-1)
Glial Fibrillary Acidic Protein (GFAP)
Gross Cystic Disease Fluid Protein-15 (GCDFP-15)
Human Epidermal Growth Factor Receptor 2 (HER2)/neu
hPG80
Human Melanoma Black 45 (HMB-45)
Inhibin
Keratin 17 and 19
KRAS
Melanoma Antigen Recognized by T cells 1 (MART-1)
Myogenic Differentiation 1 (MyoD1)
Muscle-Specific Actin (MSA)
Neurofilament
Platelet-Derived Growth Factor Receptor (PDGFR)
Promyelocytic Leukemia Protein–Retinoic Acid Receptor alpha (PML/RARα)
S100
Synaptophysin
Thyroid Transcription Factor 1 (TTF-1)
Vimentin
CONCLUDING REMARKS
CONSENT FOR PUBLICATION
CONFLICT OF INTEREST
ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS
REFERENCES
Enzymes: Tumour Associated Biomarker
Farhadul Islam1,*
INTRODUCTION
Enzyme Biomarkers in Cancer
Ghrelin O-Acyl Transferase (GOAT)
Lactate Dehydrogenase (LDH)
Neuron Specific Enolase (NSE)
Alkaline Phosphatases (ALPs)
Thymidine Kinase 1 (TK1)
Tumour M2-PK
Urokinase-Type Plasminogen Activator (uPA)
Carbonic Anhydrase XII (CAXII)
Aldehyde Dehydrogenase 1 (ALDH1)
Matrix Metalloproteinases (MMPs)
Hexokinase (HK)
Glocuse-6-Phosphate Dehydrogenase (G6PD)
CONCLUDING REMARKS
CONSENT FOR PUBLICATION
CONFLICT OF INTEREST
ACKNOWLEDGEMENT
REFERENCES
Glycoproteins and Cancer Biomarkers
Md Abedul Haque1,*
INTRODUCTION
Protein Glycosylation in Cancer
Glycoproteins as Cancer Biomarkers
Glycoproteins in Liver Cancer
α-fetoprotein (AFP)
Sialyl Lewis A antigen (CA19-9)
Glycoproteins in Prostate Cancer
Prostate-Specific Antigen (PSA)
Glycoproteins in Ovarian Cancer
CA125 (Cancer Antigen 125)
Human Epidermis Protein 4 (WFDC2)
Glycoproteins in Breast Cancer
Mucin 1 (MUC1)
Human Epidermal Growth Factor Receptor 2 (HER2)
Carcinoembryonic Antigen (CEA)
Glycoproteins in Colon Cancer
CEA
Carbohydrate Antigen 19-9 (CA19-9)
Glycoproteins in Lung Cancer
Mucins
Epidermal Growth Factor Receptor (EGFR)
CEA
Glycoproteins in Pancreatic Cancer
Cancer Antigen 19-9 (CA 19-9)
CEA
CONCLUSION
CONSENT FOR PUBLICATION
CONFLICT OF INTEREST
ACKNOWLEDGEMENT
REFERENCES
Part 4: Hormone & Small Molecular Biomarkers
Hormones as Cancer Biomarkers
Plabon Kumar Das1, 2 and Farhadul Islam1, 2,*
INTRODUCTION
HORMONES AS BIOMARKERS IN VARIOUS CANCERS
Peptide Hormones as Cancer Biomarkers
Calcitonin
Human Chorionic Gonadotropin (hCG)
Insulin
Gastrin
Glucagon
Prolactin
Thyroid Stimulating Hormone (TSH)
Steroid Hormones as Biomarker for Various Cancers
Estrogen
Progesterone
Testosterone
CONCLUSION AND PERSPECTIVE
CONSENT FOR PUBLICATION
CONFLICT OF INTEREST
ACKNOWLEDGEMENT
REFERENCES
miRNAs as Epigenetic Cancer Biomarker
Afraa Mamoori1,*
INTRODUCTION
MiRNAs and Epigenetics
Mode of Action of MicroRNAs
Targets Selection by MicroRNAs
MiRNAs and Clinical Facts
Over 60% of Human Protein-coding Genes are Controlled by miRNA
Tissue-specific miRNAs
miRNAs Expressed in Different types of Body Fluid, and They are Highly Stable in Human Samples
miRNAs are Relevant Biomarkers in Cancer Diagnosis and Prognosis
Commercialized miRNAs, which are Currently in Clinical Practice as Diagnostic Markers
miRview Meso Test
miRview Squamous
miRview Lung
miRview Mets
miRview Kidney
Mirnas as Crucial Regulatory Marker in Epithelial-Mesenchymal Transition Process
CONCLUSION
CONSENT FOR PUBLICATION
CONFLICT OF INTEREST
ACKNOWLEDGEMENT
REFERENCES
Part 5: Novel Methods for Cancer Biomarker Detection
Electrochemical and Optical Detection of MicroRNAs as Biomarkers for Cancer Diagnosis
Riham Zayani1, Amira Ben Hassine1, Amal Rabti1, Amal Raouafi1 and Noureddine Raouafi1,*
INTRODUCTION
What are miRNAs?
Biogenesis of miRNAs
Biological Role of miRNAs
miRNAs and Cancer
OVERVIEW OF MOLECULAR BIOLOGY DETECTION METHODS
Reverse Transcription Polymerase Chain Reaction
Loop-mediated Isothermal Amplification
Catalytic Hairpin Assembly
Rolling Circle Amplification
Hybridization Chain Reaction
ELECTROCHEMICAL DETECTION METHODS
Amperometry
Potentiometry
Classical Potentiometric Biosensors
FET-Based Biosensors
Cyclic Voltammetry
Differential Pulse Voltammetry
Square Wave Voltammetry
Electrochemical Impedance Spectroscopy
OPTICAL DETECTION METHODS
FLUORESCENCE
Signal ON Biosensors
Signal OFF Biosensors
FRET Biosensors
UV-Visible
Surface Plasmon Resonance
Surface-Enhanced Raman Scattering
CONCLUDING REMARKS
CONSENT FOR PUBLICATION
CONFLICT OF INTEREST
ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS
ABBREVIATIONS
REFERENCES
Electrochemical Biosensor for Cancer Biomarkers Detection
Md Arifuzzaman1, Mostafa Kamal Masud2,3, Asif Ahmed4, Md Morsaline Billah4 and Md Nazmul Islam5,6,*
INTRODUCTION
SOME KEY TERMS IN BIOSENSOR-BASED ASSAYS
TYPES OF BIOSENSORS
ELECTROCHEMICAL READOUT METHODS
ELECTROCHEMICAL SENSOR FOR NUCLEIC ACID BIOMARKERS
Electrochemical DNA Sensors
Electrochemical RNA Sensors
ELECTROCHEMICAL SENSORS FOR PROTEIN BIOMARKERS
ELECTROCHEMICAL SENSORS FOR CIRCULATING TUMOUR CELLS
ELECTROCHEMICAL SENSORS FOR EXTRACELLULAR VESICLES
CONCLUSION
CONSENT FOR PUBLICATION
CONFLICT OF INTEREST
ACKNOWLEDGEMENT
REFERENCES
Subject Index
Back Cover
