Today, cities are being intensively reshaped by unexpected dynamics. The rise and growth of the digital economy have fundamentally changed the relationship between the urban fabric and its resident community, overcoming the conventional hierarchy based on production priorities. Moreover, contemporary society discovers new labour conditions and ways of satisfying needs and desires by developing new synergies and links.
This book examines cultural and urban commons from a multidisciplinary perspective. Economists, architects, urban planners, sociologists, designers, political scientists, and artists explore the impact and implications of cultural commons on urban change. The contributions discuss both cases of successful urban participation and cases of strong social conflict, while also addressing a host of institutional contradictions and dilemmas. The first part of the book examines urban commons in response to institutional constraints from a theoretical point of view. The second and third parts apply the theories to case studies and discuss various practices of sustainable planning and re-appropriation in the urban context. In closing, the fourth part develops a new urban agenda as artists imagine it. This book will appeal to scholars interested in the social, economic and institutional implications of cultural and urban commons, and provide useful insights and tools to help local governments and policymakers manage social, cultural and economic change.
Author(s): Emanuela Macrì, Valeria Morea, Michele Trimarchi
Publisher: Springer
Year: 2020
Language: English
Pages: 362
City: Cham
Acknowledgements
Introduction: Urban Transition in a Multiple Perspective
Contents
Editors and Contributors
Urban Commons as a Response to Institutional Constraints
1 From Goods to Orders and Rules of Governance: A Preliminary Exploration
Abstract
1 The Spectrum of Goods
2 Governing the Commons
3 Social Orders and Types of Rules
4 Tailored Governance Systems Within General Principles
5 Concluding Remarks
References
2 Towards a Policy for the Cultural Commons
Abstract
References
3 Urban Heritage as Cultural Capital, District, and Commons: An Economic Perspective
Abstract
1 Introduction
2 Urban Heritage as Cultural Capital
3 The Role of Cultural Districts in Historic City Cores
4 Urban Heritage as Commons
5 Conclusion
References
4 Power in Networks and the Urban Space
Abstract
1 Defining the Urban Space
2 Power and Centrality
3 The Public Good Index (PGI) and the Public Value (PV)
4 The Linear Model
5 Power in Krackhardt’s Kite Network
6 The Impact of the Network Structure: The D-Modified Kite
7 Responsibility and the Smart City
Acknowledgements
References
5 Commoning the Stage: The Complex Semantics of the Theatre Commons
Abstract
1 Performance, Space, People: The Intertwined Dimensions of the Theatrical Experience
1.1 Theatre as Space
1.1.1 Physical Space and Theatrical Architecture
1.1.2 Audience and Performance
1.1.3 The Theatre’s Relational Space
1.1.4 Theatre’s Embeddedness Within the Urban Fabric
1.2 The Dramaturgic Commons
2 History of Theory, History of Practice
2.1 Political Rite, Religious Ceremony, Club Good: A Short Chronicle of the Cultural Values of Theatre
2.2 The Commons Analytical Framework
2.2.1 Theatre as a Common-Pool Resource
2.2.2 Theatre as a Commoning Practice
2.3 Deconstruction and Definition of a Complex Commons
2.3.1 The Theatrical Syntax
2.3.2 Words Matter
2.4 Theatre Versus Cinema: New Competitors and New Needs in Scholarly Discourse
2.5 Public Life and Theatrical Practices: Missing Links and Emerging Opportunities
3 From Institutions to Actions: A New Focus on Cultural Value and Public Relevance in Policy Discourse for the Performing Arts
3.1 Theatre and Politics: Power, Engagement and the Political Imagination
3.2 Policies and Practices: A Reflection on Formats, Funding and the Generation of Cultural Value
3.2.1 De-formatting Content
3.2.2 Reappropriating Spaces
Bibliography
Sitography
6 Public Art Today. How Public Art Sheds Light on the Future of the Theory of Commons
Abstract
1 Introduction: What is Public Art Today?
2 A Glimpse of Public Art in History
3 Three Cases of Today’s (and Tomorrow’s) Public Art
4 Discussion: An Institutional Economics Perspective on Public Art
5 Conclusions: The Importance of Social Practices
References
Art and the City: Dialogues Between Space and Community
7 The Rocking Cradle of Creativity. Tales of Inertia and Frictions, Cultural and Urban Transformations, Creative Actions
Abstract
1 Introduction. Culture and the City
2 The City, Cradle of Creativity
3 Urbanauts Change (the Way They Use) the City
3.1 Socio-Economic Changes Pose New Challenges
3.2 Altering Service Configuration. Cinenido (Bologna)
3.3 New Nodes on the Map: Coworking Spaces
3.4 Advocacy and Soft Power Change the System. Dynamo (Bologna)
4 And the Cradle Rocks. Participatory Budgeting and District Labs
4.1 Participatory Budgeting and District Labs
4.2 The Regulation of the Commons
5 The Community and the Commons
5.1 INstabile Portazza: From Virtual to Real to Virtuous
5.2 From Spaces to Places
6 Challenges
6.1 Different Velocities Cause Frictions. INstabile, Dynamo, District Labs
6.2 The Dark Side of Active Citizenship (Plus Some Good News)
7 More Frictions and Some Grease
7.1 Causes on the Podium: One, Two, Three
7.2 The Third Way Through the Threshold of the Future
8 And There Is Hope. An Attempt to Drawing Conclusions
8.1 The Managerial Turn
8.2 Space is the Place
8.3 New Tools Foster Cooperation on Cultural Grounds. Laboratorio Spazi (Bologna)
8.4 Common Good, Common Wellbeing
References
Sitography
8 Public Space: Mapping the Physical, Social and Cultural Accessibility for the Creation of Urban Commons
Abstract
1 Introduction
2 Public Spaces of the City: Between the Social and the Communal Meanings
3 Accessibility: A Multifaceted Concept
3.1 Accessibility and Management
3.2 Urban Design Process Between Access and Accessibility
3.3 Social Accessibility and Urban Life: Between Knowledge and Awareness
4 Maps, Topographies and Protocols: Tools to Spatialised Social Data
5 Conclusion
References
9 Enhancing Human and Urban Capital: A Value-Oriented Approach
Abstract
1 Introduction
2 Heritage-Led Regeneration Potentials in Historic Urban Areas
2.1 Human and Urban Capital as Common Pool Resources for the Re-Activation of Public Spaces
3 Possible Integrated Strategies of Boosting Values for Urban Regeneration
3.1 A Value-Oriented Methodological Approach: The EU—ROCK H2020 Project
4 Testing the Enhancement of Urban and Human Capital in the Historic Urban Scenario: The Temporary Transformation of Piazza Rossini in Bologna
5 Conclusions
References
10 The Social Aesthetics of Cultural Commons
Abstract
1 Social Aesthetics
2 Defining Cultural Commons
3 Cultural Commons as Social Aesthetic
4 Relational Aesthetics as Tension to Re-Spatialized Social Experience
5 Relational Aesthetics as a Productive Force
References
11 From Digitalisation to Crowdfunding Platforms: Fomenting the Cultural Commons
Abstract
1 Introduction
2 Two-Sided Digitalisation: Critical Versus Optimistic Approaches
3 Digital Platforms: Commercial and Non-commercial Uses
4 From Crowdsourcing to Crowdfunding
4.1 Crowdfunding Mechanisms and Definitions
4.2 Aspects of Crowdfunding Fostering the Emergence of Cultural Commons
5 Conclusion
References
Experiences of Commons Between Antagonisms and Strategies
12 From Urban Commons to Commoning as Social Practice
Abstract
1 Introduction to Public Space
2 Life in Public Space
3 Public Goods and Public Interest
4 Introductions to Commons
5 Urban Common as Re-appropriation Strategy
6 The Need of Social and Shared Practices
7 Grande Come Una Città: The Roman Experience
8 Concluding Remarks
References
13 Cultural Commons and Historical Identity: The Experience of the Arbëreshë Community in Southern Italy
Abstract
1 Introduction
2 The Theoretical Framework
2.1 Defining Traditional and Emerging Concepts of Commons
2.2 The Development of Cultural Commons Theory: Toward a Shared Definition
3 The Arbëreshë Community in Southern Italy
4 The Analysis: Approach and Tools
5 Main Outcomes
5.1 Cultural Variables
5.2 Spatial and Urban Variables
5.3 Community Dimensions and Features
6 Discussion and Implications
7 Concluding Remarks
References
14 Migrant Cultures. Contributions of NGOs and Community-Based Organizations to Safeguarding Intangible Cultural Heritage in Santiago, Chile
Abstract
1 Migration, ICH and Social Inclusion
2 Methodological Framework
3 Findings and Implications
3.1 ICH Values and NGO & CO Actions
3.2 NGO & CO Operational Features
4 Concluding Remarks
References
15 Feminist Movements in the City: New Strategies of Commons in Latin American Context
Abstract
1 Introduction
2 The Gendered City: A Mutual Production
3 The Common and the Debate on Marginalized Identities: Notes for Thinking the City
4 Three Cases in Latin America: Feminist Urban Contestations
5 Final Considerations
References
16 Can Social Fractures Affect the Legal Framework? Towards an Institutional Craftsmanship
1 Introduction
2 Three Cases of Urban Commons
2.1 Neglected Areas: Illegality and Social Subsidiarity
2.2 Dismissed Spaces and Creative Re-appropriation
2.3 Unmanaged Places and Grass-Root Initiative
3 Institutional Dissonances
3.1 Urban Tales
3.2 The Plural Space of Rights and Shared Interests
3.3 Local Regulation: Steady or Proactive?
3.4 The Tables of the Law
4 What Do Commons Have in Common?
4.1 A New Spirit of Time
4.2 Urban Trialogues
5 Concluding Remarks: De Jure Condendo
References
A New Urban Agenda: Interpretation and Action
17 At the Fringe of Human Freedom: The Concept of Space and Time Within Urban Settlements and Among Nomads in Antiquity
Abstract
1 Space and Time Commons
2 Archaeological Negotiation
3 Early Urbanism Ideology
3.1 Technologies of the Intellect and the City
4 Perpetuum Mobile of the Eurasian Steppes and the “Outside World”
4.1 Nomadic Trading and Power
4.2 On Space-Time Visual Equality
5 Commonism’s Contemporary Aesthetics
6 Conclusion
References
18 Over There: The Mediterranean Surface and the Archetype of the Island as Contemporary Paradigms for Accessing Cultural Commons
Abstract
1 Introduction
2 Methodological Considerations
3 Theoretical and Practical Analysis
References
Web References
19 The Design for a Welcoming City: Urban Space and Visitor Flow
Abstract
1 Brief Introduction
2 New Ways of Living and Moving Through and Across Vibrant Urban Spaces
3 An Authentic Exploration of the Urban Space Belongs to Us
4 Exploring Urban Space Inside an Information and Technology Society
5 The Specific Case: A Multimedia Living Room for Visitors
6 Perforating the Skin of Things
7 Conclusions
References
20 The Vicissitudes of Digital Dissent
Abstract
1 Looking Glass Culture
2 Digital Dissent
3 Adopting the Lutz
4 Towards the Viral
5 Categories of Immersion
6 Happiness Is the Way
7 Drawing Conclusions
References
21 Berlin, a Repurposed Ruin, and Constant Change as the Fixed Condition: A Photo-Comic
Abstract
Acknowledgements
Reference Notes
