CSS: The Missing Manual

Table of Contents......Page 7
About the Creative Team......Page 15
Acknowledgements......Page 16
The Missing Manual Series......Page 17
How CSS Works......Page 21
The Benefits of CSS......Page 22
How HTML Tags Work......Page 23
XHTML: HTML for the New Era?......Page 25
Free Programs......Page 27
About This Book......Page 28
Living Examples......Page 30
The Very Basics......Page 31
About › These › Arrows......Page 32
Safari® Books Online......Page 33
HTML: Past and Present......Page 37
HTML Past: Whatever Looked Good......Page 38
HTML Present: Scaffolding for CSS......Page 39
Two New HTML Tags to Learn......Page 40
HTML to Forget......Page 42
Tips to Guide Your Way......Page 43
The Importance of the Doctype......Page 46
Getting the Most out of Internet Explorer 8......Page 48
Anatomy of a Style......Page 51
Internal or External—How to Choose......Page 54
Internal Style Sheets......Page 55
External Style Sheets......Page 56
Linking a Style Sheet Using HTML......Page 57
Linking a Style Sheet Using CSS......Page 58
Creating an Inline Style......Page 59
Creating an Internal Style Sheet......Page 60
Creating an External Style Sheet......Page 63
Selectors: Identifying What to Style......Page 69
Tag Selectors: Page-Wide Styling......Page 70
Class Selectors: Pinpoint Control......Page 71
ID Selectors: Specific Page Elements......Page 73
Styling Groups of Tags......Page 75
The Universal Selector (Asterisk)......Page 76
The HTML Family Tree......Page 77
Building Descendent Selectors......Page 78
Styles for Links......Page 81
:before......Page 82
:first-child......Page 84
Advanced Selectors......Page 85
Adjacent Siblings......Page 86
Attribute Selectors......Page 87
Tutorial: Selector Sampler......Page 90
Creating a Group Selector......Page 92
Creating and Applying a Class Selector......Page 93
Creating a Descendent Selector......Page 96
Creating and Applying an ID Selector......Page 97
Finishing Touches......Page 99
What Is Inheritance?......Page 101
The Limits of Inheritance......Page 103
A Basic Example: One Level of Inheritance......Page 105
Using Inheritance to Restyle an Entire Page......Page 106
Inheritance Inaction......Page 109
Managing Multiple Styles: The Cascade......Page 111
Inherited Styles Accumulate......Page 112
The Directly Applied Style Wins......Page 113
One Tag, Many Styles......Page 114
Specificity: Which Style Wins......Page 116
The Tiebreaker: Last Style Wins......Page 117
Changing the Specificity......Page 119
Selective Overriding......Page 120
Starting with a Clean Slate......Page 121
Resetting CSS and Styling from Scratch......Page 123
Creating a Hybrid Style......Page 125
Overcoming Conflicts......Page 126
Formatting Text......Page 133
Serif fonts......Page 135
Sans-serif fonts......Page 136
Additional fonts to consider......Page 137
Adding Color to Text......Page 138
Changing Font Size......Page 139
Using Pixels......Page 140
Percentages......Page 141
Ems......Page 143
Italicizing and Bolding......Page 144
Decorating......Page 145
Letter and Word Spacing......Page 147
Adjusting the Space Between Lines......Page 148
Line spacing by number......Page 149
First-line indents......Page 150
Formatting the First Letter or First Line of a Paragraph......Page 152
Types of Lists......Page 154
Positioning Bullets and Numbers......Page 155
Graphic Bullets......Page 157
Setting Up the Page......Page 158
Formatting the Headings and Paragraphs......Page 160
Formatting Lists......Page 163
Fine-Tuning with Classes......Page 164
Adding the Finishing Touches......Page 166
Understanding the Box Model......Page 171
Control Space with Margins and Padding......Page 173
Colliding Margins......Page 175
Removing Space with Negative Margins......Page 176
Displaying Inline and Block-Level Boxes......Page 178
Adding Borders......Page 180
Border Property Shorthand......Page 181
Formatting Individual Borders......Page 182
Determining Height and Width......Page 184
Calculating a Box’s Actual Width and Height......Page 185
Controlling the Tap with the Overflow Property......Page 187
Wrap Content with Floating Elements......Page 189
Stopping the Float......Page 192
Controlling Page Margins and Backgrounds......Page 195
Adjusting the Space Around Tags......Page 198
Building a Sidebar......Page 201
Fixing the Browser Bugs......Page 204
Going Further......Page 206
CSS and the Tag......Page 207
Background Images......Page 208
Controlling Repetition......Page 213
Keywords......Page 214
Precise Values......Page 216
Percentage Values......Page 217
Using Background Property Shorthand......Page 219
Tutorial: Enhancing Images......Page 221
Framing an Image......Page 222
Adding a Caption......Page 223
Tutorial: Creating a Photo Gallery......Page 226
Adding Drop Shadows......Page 230
Tutorial: Using Background Images......Page 233
Adding an Image to the Page Background......Page 234
Replacing Borders with Graphics......Page 236
Using Graphics for Bulleted Lists......Page 238
Giving the Sidebar Personality......Page 239
Going Further......Page 243
Selecting Which Links to Style......Page 245
Understanding Link States......Page 246
Targeting Particular Links......Page 247
Styling Links......Page 248
Underlining Links......Page 249
Creating a Button......Page 251
Using Graphics......Page 253
Using Unordered Lists......Page 255
Vertical Navigation Bars......Page 256
Horizontal Navigation Bars......Page 258
Using display: inline......Page 260
Using floats for horizontal navigation......Page 261
Big Clickable Buttons......Page 264
CSS-Style Preloading Rollovers......Page 266
Sliding Doors......Page 268
Links to other websites......Page 270
Links to specific types of files......Page 271
Basic Link Formatting......Page 272
Adding a Background Image to a Link......Page 275
Highlighting Different Links......Page 276
Tutorial: Creating a Navigation Bar......Page 278
Adding Rollovers and Creating “You Are Here” Links......Page 282
Fixing the IE Bugs......Page 285
From Vertical to Horizontal......Page 286
Using Tables the Right Way......Page 291
Styling Tables......Page 293
Adjusting Vertical and Horizontal Alignment......Page 294
Creating Borders......Page 296
Styling Rows and Columns......Page 297
Styling Forms......Page 299
HTML Form Elements......Page 300
Laying Out Forms Using CSS......Page 303
Tutorial: Styling a Table......Page 304
Tutorial: Styling a Form......Page 310
Types of Web Page Layouts......Page 319
How CSS Layout Works......Page 321
The Mighty