Criminal Interrogation And Confessions

Title Page
Copyright
Contents
Preface
Introduction
Part 1 Preliminary Considerations
Chapter 1 Distinctions Between Interviews and Interrogations
Characteristics of an Interview
Characteristics of an Interrogation
Benefits of Conducting an Interview Before an Interrogation
Conclusion
Chapter 2 Obtaining and Evaluating Factual Information
Developing the Case Facts
Conclusion
Chapter 3 Case Solution Possibilities
Evaluating Possible Motives
Evaluating Characteristics of the Crime
Conclusion
Chapter 4 Initial Precautionary Measures for the Protection of the Innocent
Eyewitness Identifications and Motivations for False Accusations
Repressed Memories
Intent Issues
Circumstantial Evidence
Chapter 5 Privacy and the Interview Room
Privacy
Minimize Reminders of Consequences
Suggestions for Setting Up the Interview Room
Chapter 6 Qualifications, Attitude, and General Conduct of the Investigator
Interviewer Qualifications
Initial Interview Procedures
Investigator Demeanor During an Interview
Interviewing Approaches for Difficult Suspects
Interrogator Qualifications
Investigator Conduct During an Interrogation
Conclusion
Part 2 Interviewing Techniques
Chapter 7 Preparation and Starting the Interview
Formal Versus Informal Interviews
Arranging the Formal Interview
Preparing for the Interview
Establishing Rapport
The Use of an Introductory Statement
Conclusion
Chapter 8 Formulating Interview Questions
Asking an Initial Open Question
Asking Direct Questions
Asking Follow-Up Questions
Conclusion
Chapter 9 Behavior Symptom Analysis
Overview
Underlying Principles of Behavior Symptom Analysis
Evaluating the Subject’s Attitudes
Evaluation of Verbal Behavior
Evaluation of Paralinguistic Behavior
Evaluation of Nonverbal Behavior
Chapter 10 Precautions when Evaluating Behavior Symptoms of Truthful and Untruthful Subjects
Initial Assessment of the Subject
Behaviors Common to Both Truthful and Deceptive Subjects
Factors That May Lead to Misinterpretation of Behavior Symptoms
Conclusion
Chapter 11 The Behavior Analysis Interview
Introduction
The Behavior Analysis Interview
Response Models for Behavior-Provoking Questions
Actual Case Presentation
Analyzing the Suspect’s Responses
Chapter 12 The Use of Specialized Questioning Techniques
The Use of the Baiting Technique
Other Specialized Questioning Techniques
Part 3 Interrogation Techniques
Chapter 13 The Reid Nine Steps of Interrogation®
General Classification of Offenders
Brief Analysis of the Nine Steps of Interrogation
Preliminary Preparations for Applying the Nine Steps
Step 1—Direct, Positive Confrontation
Step 2—Theme Development
Step 3—Handling Denials
Step 4—Overcoming Objections
Step 5—Procurement and Retention of a Suspect’s Attention
Step 6—Handling the Suspect’s Passive Mood
Step 7—Presenting an Alternative Question
Step 8—Having the Suspect Orally Relate Various Details of the Offense
Step 9—Converting an Oral Confession into a Written Confession
Chapter 14 Recommendations for Interrogators
The Exercise of Patience and Persistence
Interrogation of Witnesses and Other Prospective Informants
Chapter 15 Distinguishing Between True and False Confessions
Categories of False Confessions
Confession Voluntariness
Confession Trustworthiness
Confession Corroboration
Interrogation Research
Conclusion
The Issue of False Confessions in the Courtroom—The Testimony of Expert Witnesses
The Issue of False Confessions in the Courtroom—Court Decisions
Chapter 16 Testifying on a Confession
Testimony Preparation
The Court’s View of the Witness
The Witness’s Behavioral Responses to Questions
Direct Testimony
Cross-Examination
Conclusion
Chapter 17 Interrogation and Confession Law
Introduction
Constitutional Rights
Permissible Interrogation Techniques
Summary
Appendix A The Behavior Analysis Interview in a Homicide Case
Index