Our bodies record what happens to us physically throughout our lives. This is illustrated by the simple appearance of scars from injuries sustained years, and even decades ago. Evidence such as scars also tells us how we used our joints or may have injured them as children and adults. Our bodies conform to the environment in which we live, both outside and inside. By examining and observing these key clues, a forensic investigator can reveal the unique character that tells the story of a person’s life and death.
Craniofacial Anatomy and Forensic Identification is an atlas that covers all aspects of facial reconstruction and anatomy of the head and neck, such as facial expression and the anatomic basis for facial development, along with the effects of muscle movement. Written by a world-renowned forensic artist with decades of experience as a scientific illustrator as well as a portraitist, anthropologist, and lecturer in anatomy and biology, the author is as much a scientist as an artist.
Author(s): Gloria Nusse
Publisher: Academic Press
Year: 2022
Language: English
Pages: 302
City: London
Front Cover
CRANIOFACIAL ANATOMY AND FORENSIC IDENTIFICATION
CRANIOFACIAL ANATOMY AND FORENSIC IDENTIFICATION
Copyright
Contents
Preface
Acknowledgments
1 - Introduction and identity from the skull's perspective
Chapter 1 Citations
2 - History and research of facial identification
American contribution
Tissue depth studies
Case study history
The faces of Dilmun
Chapter 2 Citations – History of Facial Reconstruction and Identification
3 - Bones, muscles, and tissues
Introduction
The skull as a whole
Frankfort horizontal
Anatomical directional terms
Bone surface markings
Depressions and openings
Projections
A statement on race and structure
Individual bones of the skull
Parietal
Temporal bone
Zygomatic bone
Maxilla, vomer, palatine, and nasal
The nasal aperture of the maxilla
The orbital part of the maxilla
Teeth of the maxilla
Mandible
Frontal bone
Sphenoid bone
Ethmoid bone
Occipital
Frontal bone
Muscles
Integument
Other tissues
Vessels
Nerves
Adipose
Chapter 3 Citations
4 - Facial features
Introduction
The ear
Uniqueness
The orbital unit and the eye
Retina
Iris
The infraorbital region and nose
The zygomatic unit of the mouth, lips and tongue
The chin and cheek unit
The chin and cheek unit
The submental chin, cervical units, and neck
Tongue
Chapter 4. References cited
Further reading
5 - Analysis and interpretation
The Body's Story - One, a cadaver in the lab
Story two—coroner case of unidentified remains
Analysis
Anatomical observation
Bone biology
Endochondral ossification
Metric measurements and nonmetric structures
Cultural aspects
The silhouette
Cultural analysis—case studies
Case study—hair
Chapter 5 citations
6 - Age, archetype, and expression
Age and archetype
How the face ages
Zones of facial aging
Wrinkles
Juvenile skulls
Case study of Marin County juvenile skull—is it a girl . . . or a boy?!
Case study—old man of Bahrain
References
7 - Grave goods and artifacts
Can you see the story emerging?
Coupled for eternity, an artist's reconstruction of an Ohlone double burial
The dig
Ohlone life pre-European contact
Dress and adornment
Burial customs
Unique burials
Shamanism
Conclusion
References
8 - Mold making and reproduction
Introduction
Skull preparation
Working with a badly damaged skull
Normal skull preparation
Mold preparation
Flexible mold
Mother molds
Opening the molds
Cleaning up the skull
Assemble and cast the skull
9 - Clay work and finishing
The technical phases–Molding and casting
Mounting the skull
Tissue depth placement
Landmarks and tissue charts
Descriptions of anatomic landmarks
Eyes
Nose
Ears
Artistic phase
Finishing skin
Wigs and hair
Accessories, clothing, and jewelry
Managing trauma in facial reconstructions
Case 1
Case 2
Case 3
Case 4
Fragmentation, missing pieces, and reconstruction
Summary
References
10 - Lefty, An exemplar
Forensic Anthropology Report
Individual 1
Sex: male
Age: younger adult, mostly likely 25–35 years
Ancestry: probably South/Southeast Asian
Stature: 156.9–172.4 cm
Pathological and anomalous conditions
Individual 2
Individual 3
Individual 4
Summary
Facial Reconstruction of Lefty
References
Index
A
B
C
D
E
F
G
H
I
J
K
L
M
N
O
P
R
S
T
U
V
W
Z
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