The current coronavirus pandemic fundamentally reshapes existing debates and processes in international development. The unprecedented (and rapidly evolving) crisis is generating a number of substantial challenges for developing economies. Governments in low-income nations often find it extremely hard to cope with the increased demand for health services, make prompt decisions and put them into action, protect vulnerable segments of society and offer immediate relief to affected economic sectors. This book provides a series of reflective chapters that demonstrate how several areas of international development have been severely affected by the Covid-19 outbreak. It provides an in-depth critical discussion on how the current pandemic influences several development outcomes (in the domains of poverty/inequality, health, education, migration, formal/informal employment, (de)globalisation, the extractive sector, climate change, water and the global financial system). Each chapter draws policy recommendations on relevant interventions that can alleviate the identified negative repercussions of the Covid-19 pandemic, especially for the most vulnerable communities in the Global South.
Author(s): Elissaios Papyrakis
Publisher: Springer
Year: 2022
Language: English
Pages: 188
City: Cham
Preface
Acknowledgements
Contents
Chapter 1: Covid-19 and International Development: Impacts, Drivers and Responses
1.1 Introduction
1.2 Structure and Intellectual Contribution of the Book
1.3 Some Key Messages
References
Chapter 2: Reforming the International Financial and Fiscal System for Better COVID-19 and Post-pandemic Crisis Responsiveness
2.1 Introduction
2.2 Economic, Social and Nutritional Effects of the COVID-19 Crisis
2.2.1 Economic and Social Effects
2.2.2 Poverty and Food Consumption Effects
2.3 Fiscal and Financial Crisis Responses: Save Thyself First?
2.3.1 The Scramble for Access to Vaccines
2.3.2 Stark Inequalities in Financial Response Capacity
2.4 Changes Needed to Address the Weaknesses of the Current International Financial and Fiscal System (IFFS)
2.4.1 International Tax Reform
2.4.2 Sovereign Debt Restructuring and Relief
2.4.3 Reform of Policy Conditionality Attached to Lending by IFIs
2.4.4 An Increase in Special Drawing Rights (SDRs) with Special Usage for Developing Countries
2.5 Conclusions
References
Chapter 3: COVID-19 and the Threat to Globalization: An Optimistic Note
3.1 Introduction
3.2 Economic Globalization and COVID-19
3.2.1 Merchandise Trade
3.2.2 Trade in Services
3.2.3 Trade by Product
3.2.4 Foreign Direct Investment (FDI)
3.3 Social Globalization and COVID-19
3.4 Political Globalization and COVID-19
3.4.1 Global Public Good
3.4.2 Development Cooperation
3.5 Outlook for Globalization After COVID-19: A Sense of Optimism
References
Chapter 4: Experiences of Eritrean and Ethiopian Migrants During COVID-19 in the Netherlands
4.1 Introduction
4.2 Eritrean and Ethiopian Migrants in the Netherlands: An Overview
4.3 Intersecting Challenges of Eritrean and Ethiopian Migrants During COVID-19
4.3.1 The Downside of Staying Inside – Fear, Anxiety and Confusion
4.3.2 Heterogeneity of Migrants: Financial Shock Felt Differently by Different Migrants
4.3.3 Risking Health for Social Capital
4.3.4 Experience of Migrant Women with COVID-19
4.3.5 Family Status Determining Experience of Children with COVID-19
4.4 Conclusions and Policy Implications
References
Chapter 5: Consequences of the Covid-19 Pandemic for Economic Inequality
5.1 Introduction
5.2 Pandemics, Protracted Violence and Inequality
5.3 Macroeconomics of the COVID-19 Pandemic and Inequality Trends
5.4 Global Inequality
5.5 Conclusions: Inequality and Democratic Governance
References
Chapter 6: The Short-Term Impact of COVID-19 on Labour Market Outcomes: Comparative Systematic Evidence
6.1 Introduction
6.2 Data and Empirical Approach
6.2.1 Database Construction
6.2.2 Putting the Collected Estimates Together
6.2.3 Dataset
6.2.4 Empirical Strategy
Funnel Plots
Statistical Analysis
Econometric Concerns
6.3 Results and Discussion
6.3.1 Overall Average Effect
6.3.2 Graphical Inspection
6.3.3 Meta-Regression Analysis
6.3.4 Does Publication Bias Arise Due to Publication Characteristics?
6.4 Comparative Perspective of Developed Versus Developing Countries
6.5 Concluding Remarks
References
Chapter 7: Covid-19 and the Informal Sector
7.1 Introduction
7.2 The Impacts of Covid-19 on the Informal Economy in Developing and Less Developed Countries
7.3 Expectations for the Post-Covid-19 Future
7.4 Policy Recommendations for Interventions in the Informal Sector
References
Chapter 8: Indirect Health Effects Due to COVID-19: An Exploration of Potential Economic Costs for Developing Countries
8.1 Introduction
8.2 Indirect Health Effects Due to COVID-19 in Developing Countries
8.3 Exploratory Analysis of the Economic Costs Associated with Delayed and Foregone Hospital Care
8.4 Conclusions
Appendix
References
Chapter 9: Effects of COVID-19 on Education and Schools’ Reopening in Latin America
9.1 Introduction
9.2 Promotion of Public Education
9.3 The Spread of Covid-19
9.4 Impact on Schooling
9.5 Technological Preparedness
9.6 Additional Social Consequences
9.7 Reopening of Schools?
References
Chapter 10: Indigenous People, Extractive Imperative and Covid-19 in the Amazon
10.1 Introduction
10.2 Covid-19, Vulnerability and Resilience
10.3 Extractive Industries, Vulnerability and Resilience
10.4 Vaccine Capitalism, Nationalism and Geopolitics
10.5 The Extractive Imperative
10.6 Conclusions
References
Chapter 11: Covid-19 and Climate Change
11.1 Introduction
11.2 Covid-19 and the Science of Climate change (Current and Future Projections of CO2 Emissions)
11.3 Similarities Between the Covid-19 and the Climate Change Crises
11.4 Policy Responses that Confront Both Climate Change and Assist in the Post-Covid-19 Economic Recovery
11.5 Covid-19, Climate Change and Shifts in Personal Behaviour
11.6 Conclusions
References
Chapter 12: Covid-19 and Water
12.1 Introduction
12.2 Water Security Challenges and the Covid-19 Pandemic
12.3 Food Import Dependency
12.4 Macroeconomic Policies for the Water Sector in Times of Crisis
12.5 Behavioural and Micro-developmental Dimensions in the Water, Sanitation and Hygiene Sector During and After the Covid-19 Crisis
12.6 Conclusions
References
Index
