Preface
Introduction to COVID-19: No End in Sight
Possible Research Topics Worth Pursuing
The Arts
Cultural
Economic
Education
Design and Planning
Health and Healthcare
Maps and Mapping
Media
Politics and Law
Religion
Social
Time-Space Issues in Times of Isolation
The Future
Contents of Volume 1
Contents of Volume 2
Contents of Volume 3
Contributors
Part I: Global
International Boundaries, Biological Borders, and the Public Governance of the COVID-19 Pandemic: Are We Entering a Whole New ...
Introduction: The Biopolitics of Pandemic Bordering
Searching for a Biological Border?
Biological Borders and the Governance of Biological Bordering
Herd Immunity
Mitigation
Suppression and Elimination
The Biopolitics of Biological Borders
References
Pandemic Geopolitics in the Anthropocene
Pandemic Geopolitics
Living and Dying in the Anthropocene
Life in an Artificial World
Borders, Dollars, Security
Shaping the Future: Rethinking Security
Anthropocene Geopolitics
References
COVID-19 and the Science of Where
Introduction
Uncertainty
The Ecological Fallacy
The Modifiable Area Unit Problem
Spatial Dependence
Spatial Heterogeneity
Provenance
Concluding Comments: Critical Spatial Thinking
References
Coronavirus and Conservation: Environmental Repercussions of the COVID-19 Pandemic
Introduction
Coronavirus and Wildlife
Air Pollution and Climate Change
Solid Waste and Water Pollution
Urban Impacts
Conclusion
References
Pandemic Geopolitics and the Bordering of COVID-19: Academic and Lay Geographies of the Pandemic and Policies to Contain and M...
Introduction
Critical Geopolitics and Sociospatial Relations
Popular Geopolitics
Popular Culture
News Media
Practical Geopolitics
The WHO and the Naming of the Disease and its Variants
Dashboards
Mapping Mobility Restrictions
Formal Geopolitics
Concluding Thoughts
References
Rethinking Distance and Presence Conceptions in Times of COVID-19 and Post-COVID-19: The Search for a New Educational Literacy
Introduction
Philosophical Assumptions on Masks and Faces
Pandemic Postulates Regarding Facial Masks
Philosophical Assumptions to Presence and Distance
Pandemic Assumptions Regarding Presence and Distance in the COVID-19 Context
Conclusion
References
The Swedish COVID-19 Enigma/Exception
Introduction
A Social Scientific View on Sweden´s COVID-19 Strategies
Regional Specifics
Virus Diffusion and Iron Ore Extraction
Summary
References
Part II: States, Cities and COVID-19
Insularity in a Connected World? The COVID-19 Pandemic in Iceland
Introduction
The `Laboratory´ Narrative in an Increasingly Diverse Society
COVID-19 Makes Its Entrance: The First Wave
Summer Calm Before the Autumn Storm
Return of the Virus
Discussion and Conclusion
References
Impacts of the COVID-19 Pandemic on a Small Island: The Isle of Man Case Study
Introduction
COVID-19 Data
Analysis
Policies
Travel Restrictions
Lockdowns and Circuit Breakers
The Economy
Conclusions
References
Medical Philately and the World of COVID-19 Postage Stamps: Issues of Truth, Health and Wealth
Introduction
Issuing COVID-19 Stamps
COVID-19 Stamps
Dominant Themes and Prices
COVID Stamps for Whom?
Summary and Conclusion
References
The COVID-19 Pandemic in Ukraine: A Mosaic of Regional Patterns and Voices of Social Disparity
Introduction
Theoretical Background and Methodology
The Pandemic in Ukraine: Regional Dynamics and Counteraction Policy
Specifics on the Distribution of Registered Cases by Regions and Settlements
COVID-19: Spatial and Social Fissures and Vulnerability of Ukrainian Communities
Conclusions and Discussions
References
COVID-19 Policy in Uzbekistan: Slipping Back Toward Authoritarianism?
Introduction
The MIrzoyayev ``Honeymoon´´: Slow But Significant Reform
Repression Goes Viral
Pandemic Policies and Politics: Back to the Future?
Ineffectiveness and Lack of Transparency
Conclusion
References
The Pandemic in Belarus in 2020-21: COVID-19 in the Shadow of Politics
Introduction
The Beginning
Spring Parade
Summer, Solidarity, and COVID-19 Shadowed by Politics
Politics, Again; Counterattack
State Statistics and Trust Issues
References
COVID-19, the Stay-Home Discourse, and a New Geographic Haven
References
COVID-19 Geopolitics in Southeast Asia: Regional and National Health (in)Securities in Times of Pandemic
Introduction
Regional Preparedness
Uneven Capabilities
Medical Diplomacy as ``Soft Power´´
``Love in the Time of Coronavirus´´
COVID-19 Migrant Clusters
COVID-19 Cold War
COVID-19 Coup
A Sick, Fractured Geo-Body
Civil Disobedience and Traumatic Geopolitics
Health Security and Geopolitics
Where we Go from Here?
References
Three Challenges Facing Guatemala´s COVID-19 Crisis: Mobility, Violence and Governance
Background
Mobility
Violence
Governance
Conclusion
References
COVID-19 Waves and Politics in Costa Rica
Introduction
First Wave
Second Wave
Third Wave
Conclusion
References
Societal Perceptions of the Saudi Government´s Response to the COVID-19 Pandemic
Introduction
Saudi Government Response to the Coronavirus Pandemic
Social Restrictions Lifted and Reimposed
Coronavirus Applications
Social Restrictions: Attitudes and Perceptions
Survey Results
Societal Complacency
The Travel Ban for Saudi Nationals
2021 Vaccination Program
Concluding Remarks
References
Tackling Challenges of COVID-19: An Assessment of the Convergence-Divergence Debates from the Global South-India
Introduction
`Cheek-by-jowl´- Why Density Matters?
Pandemic in Retrospect
Fact India
Demographic Transition and Its Relation to COVID19
Spread of COVID19
Spread of COVID-19 Infection and Migration
Geographical Patterns of Hot Spots and Cold Spot Infections
Age Structure of the Population and COVID19
Epidemiological Transition and COVID19
Conclusion
References
Health Geography of COVID-19: An Exploratory Analysis of the Pandemic during its First Phase in the Compact Cities of Barcelon...
Introduction
Health and Society as a System
Why Social Inequalities Explain Health?
The Interrelationship of Density, Longevity, Socioeconomics, Biodiversity and Contagion
Barcelona and Madrid, Compact and Dense Cities with Different Contagion Patterns: Data, Methodology and Results
Data and Data Sources
Methodology
Cluster Analysis: How Clustered Are the Neighborhoods with Highest Number of Positive COVID-19 Cases?
Spatial Autoregressive Analysis
How Socioeconomic, Neighborhood and Aging Population Conditions Are Related to Cases of COVID-19 in Barcelona and Madrid
Conclusions and Concluding Remarks
References
Impacts of COVID-19 on Pakistan Society: Home Confinement, Social Survey Data and Maps Showing Diffusion
Introduction
Impact of Home Confinement
Survey on Safety Behavior During Home Confinement
Geographical Information System (GIS) Mapping of COVID-19 Cases
Conclusion
References
Part III: Political Impacts: Laws, Borders, Diplomacy, Elections, Peacekeeping
Peacekeeping Operations: Challenges and Opportunities in the Midst of Health Crises
Introduction
Cholera - Peacekeepers as Disease Spreaders
Ebola - Peacekeepers as First Responders?
Old Operational Challenges
New Operational Opportunities?
Final Remarks
References
Travel Restrictions and Border Security Measures on the Canada-U.S. Border During the COVID-19 Pandemic: Does Law Matter in a ...
Introduction
Jurisdiction Over Border Measures
Implementation of Canada-U.S. Border Measures
Legal Evaluation of Canada-U.S. Border Measures
Jurisdictional Issues
Civil Liberties Issues
Government´s Duty to Protect Public
Government´s Duty to Respect Civil Liberties
Judicial Deference During Pandemics
Justification for Border Measures Under the Charter
Public Health Practices and Border Measures
Conclusion
References
Legislation and Other Legal Instruments
Caselaw
Books and Articles
Forgotten Ones: Rhetoric of Migration and Tourism Governance in South Africa in the Sedentary Epoch of COVID-19
Background
Migrant Businesses and Exclusion from Government Support
COVID-19 and Increased Xenophobia
Migration Management
South Africa´s Border Management in the Time of COVID-19
Migrants in South Africa and Impact of COVID-19
Conclusion
References
From European Union Student Mobility to Lockdown: ``Virtual Study Mobility´´ in the COVID-19 Era and a Case Study of Transnati...
Introduction
The Erasmus Programme
Benefits of Student Mobility
The Field Trip
Widening Participation
Readiness to Study Abroad
2020-2021: Impact of the Pandemic
Online Study Week Programme
Inclusion in the Online World
Conclusion
References
Vaccination Nation: Vaccine Diplomacy and the U.S. Vaccine Rollout
Introduction
Previous Vaccine Efforts
COVID-19 Vaccines
US Vaccine Rollout to Date
Racial Disparities in Access
The Global Vaccine Rollout
Conclusion
References
Changing COVID-19 Border Restrictions and Borderland Resilience: The Finnish-Swedish Border Case
Introduction
``Covidfencing´´ and Borderland Resilience
Changing Border Regulations at the Finnish-Swedish Border
The Right to Leave and Return the Country
``Local Border Community´´ as a New (and Old) Category
Conclusions
References
Free Movement of Persons and Goods in the European Union During COVID-19
Introduction
Interruption of Freedom of Movement and Re-opening the Borders
Legal Rules of the EU to Ensure Free Movement
Was the Schengen Code Bypassed?
Free Movement as an Economic Issue
Free Movement of Goods
Financial Loss from the Lockdown of the European Union
Conclusion
References
Intertwined Geographies of the Pandemic and the U.S. Presidential Election of 2020: COVID-19 Prevalence and Donald Trump
Introduction
The Wisconsin Primary
The ``Summer Wave´´
The Presidential Campaign
The November 3 Presidential Election
COVID-19, Votes, and Party
Conclusions
References
Part IV: Communication, Branding and the Media
Affective Immediately: Reading the Semiotic Landscape of COVID-19 in Lincoln, Nebraska
Introduction: At the Threshold
Reading the Semiotic Landscape of Affect
Methodological Considerations
Analysis: Semiotic Landscapes of Affect During Coronavirus
The Measure of All Things: `Zoning´ the Body in Time and Space
Discursive Bodies: Convening ``We´´
Returning bodies
Conclusion
References
Local Newspaper Coverage of the COVID-19 Pandemic in Two Major Texas Cities: A Visual Comparison of Houston and El Paso
Introduction
The Coronavirus Pandemic in Houston and Harris County, Texas
The Coronavirus Pandemic in El Paso and El Paso County, Texas
Newspapers and the Pandemic
Word Cloud Analysis
Reporting on the COVID-19 Pandemic and Word Cloud Comparisons Between Houston and El Paso
Conclusion
References
COVID-19 as the Great (un)Equalizer: The Framing of Women in Media Coverage in China, the Middle East, and the U.S.
Introduction
Conceptual Framework: Feminist Political Economy
Conceptual Framework: Media Coverage and Disease Outbreaks
Data and Methods
Coding Procedures
Findings
Discussion of Frames
Women as Victims of Violence
Women as Mothers
Women as Responsible for Health or Caring
Discussion and Conclusions
References
Place Branding for Immigrant and Refugee Integration and Receptivity Amid the COVID-19 Pandemic: Responses of U.S. Cities in t...
Introduction
The Broader Context of Place Branding Amid Immigration Integration and Receptivity
Place Branding and City Branding
Municipal and Metropolitan Immigrant Integration and Receptivity
Welcoming City Initiatives in the U.S.
Examples of Welcoming City Responses to the COVID-19 Pandemic
Conclusion
References
Lost in Translation: Reporting About COVID-19 Pandemic by Community Vernacular Radio Stations in Rural Kenya
Introduction and Background
Background to Dholuo
The Media and Translation
Community Vernacular Radio
Review of Relevant Literature
Medical Translation
Theoretical Issues
Equivalence in Translation
Mistranslation
Method
Findings
Borrowing
Calque
Transposition
Modulation
Adaptation
Discussions: Lost in Translation
Linguistic Factors
Lexical Factors
Structural Factors
Lack of Knowledge of the Language
Lack of Technical Knowledge
Conclusion and Recommendation
References
Examining Effective Communication During COVID-19 Through Prime Minister´s Speeches: The Case of Malaysia
Introduction
Pre-Independence History and Language Policy of Malaysia
COVID-19 in Malaysia
Methodological Considerations
What Counts as Effective Communication?
Language Preference
Language Dominance
Language Motivation
Comparison of Highest Frequency Words in Bahasa Melayu and English Transcripts
Concluding Remarks
References
Trump and the Coronavirus: The Triumph of Incompetence
Introduction
The Pandemic Begins: Indifference and Ignorance Rule
The Height of the Scourge: Narcissism, Cruelty, and Science Denial
The Fruits of Incompetence: Catastrophe
Conclusion
References
Part V: Communications: Websites, Social Media
Presenting, Representing, and Misrepresenting COVID-19 in the Five Central Asian States: The Political Underpinnings of Offici...
Introduction
The COVID-19 Pandemic and State Response in Central Asia
The Internet and Media Consumption in Central Asia
Cyberboosterism and Patronal Politics in e-Government
E-government in Central Asia
COVID-19 Websites in Central Asia
Conclusion
References
The Role of User-Generated Content Data for Collaborative Learning: Identifying Tourism Hot Topics During the Pandemic
Introduction
Literature Framework
Social Media Role in the Tourism Sector
The Use of Social Media Under Crisis Circumstances
User Generated Content and Sentimental Analysis in Crisis Management
Research Approach
Research Methodology
Data Sampling
Topic Recognition Using LDA
Sentiment Analysis
Text Analysis
Results Analysis
Discussion
Conclusions
Managerial Considerations
Theoretical Implications
References
The Impact of COVID-19 and Use of Geo-Tagged User Data in Territories Without Planning: The Case of São Tomé and Príncipe
Introduction
Approaching São Tomé and Príncipe
The Timeline of COVID-19 in São Tomé and Príncipe
Linking the Territory, Mobility and Telecommunications into an Epidemic Model
The Use of Big Data
Method
Discussion and Conclusion
References
Social Distancing and Politeness: Hungarian Emailing Practices During the Coronavirus Epidemic
Introduction
The Variability of Emailing Practices and the Expression of Politeness
Politeness and Solidarity in Emails
The Quarantine Situation and a Re-evaluation of Linguistic Interaction Practices
Methodology of Data Collection
Results
The Position of References to the Epidemic in the Emails´ Structure
The Epidemic Situation in Various Domains of Email Correspondence
From Typical Formulas to Individual Variants
Coming Closer Emotionally and Linguistically at a Time of Social Distance and Spatial Distancing
Summary
References
Application of GIS in Vaccine Distribution During COVID-19
Brief History of Medical Geography
Present Day GIS in Public Health
Applications of GIS During COVID-19
GIS for Visualizing Global Disease Spread and Patterns
GIS for Tracking and Taking Action on Infectious Disease Best Practices
GIS for Telling COVID-19 Stories
Application of GIS in Vaccine Distribution
Exploratory Frameworks and Initial Discussions
Recommendations for a Phased Approach
Data Collection, Management, and Monitoring
Vaccine Scheduling
Addressing Phases
When Phases Change - Geospatial Analysis and Modeling
Equitable Vaccine Distribution
Taking Vaccines to the Homes
Stakeholder and Community Engagement Using GIS
Combating Misinformation
GIS Data Sharing
Geographic Information Underpins Public Health Operations
References
Part VI: Cartoons and Cartooning
More than a Message: Public Health Advocacy, Political Cartooning and COVID-19 Challenges in Pakistan
Introduction
Freedom of Expression in Pakistan, Political Cartooning and COVID-19
Coronavirus as a Horrible Creature Amid a Global Crisis
Political Games and Mistrust in Government Responses/Policies
Self-Relevant Emotions and Poverty: Not a Funny Matter at All
Political Opposition in Action: Pakistan Democratic Movement and the Second Wave of COVID-19
Conclusion
References
What´s So Funny About COVID-19? How Some Comic Strip Artists Have Approached or Avoided a Sensitive Subject
Introduction
Statement of Problem
Empirical Analysis of COVID-Related Cartoons
Spatial Variation in Cartoons with COVID-19 Content
Temporal Variation in Cartoons with COVID-19 Content
Changes in the Newspapers Themselves Over the Course of the Study
The Psychological Value of Escapism in Cartoons
Critical Assessment of Cartoons on the Funny Pages
Pandemic-Related Themes in Three Different Comic Strips
Major Themes Uncovered in Popular Comic Strips
Restrictions on ``Normal´´ Social Interaction
Telecommuting, Distance Learning and Zoom Meetings
Social Disruption of Taken-for-Granted Routines
Empathy and the ``New Normal´´
Maladjustments
Positive Changes
Missed Opportunities and Future Research
References
Visualizing the Unspeakable in Thought: A Multi-Model Discourse Analysis of Cartoons as a Device for Communicating COVID-19 Me...
Introduction
Historical Development of Coronavirus (COVID-19)
Coronavirus (COVID-19) Situation in Ghana
The Concept of Cartoons
Cartoons as a Device for Communication
Theoretical Framework
Methodology
Analysis and Discussion of Data
Conclusion
References
Part VII: Maps and Mapping
One Year of COVID-19: Mapping the Spread of a Global Pandemic
Introduction
Data
Cartographic Approach
Mapping the Global Pandemic
Conclusion
References
Mapping Silenced Spaces During Increased Overdose and COVID-19: Opportunities for Danger and Harm Reduction in Southern Appala...
Introduction
Methods
Silenced Spaces
Lack of Reliable Overdose Data
Lack of Reliable Data on Unsheltered Populations
Lack of Reliable Data on COVID-19 Cases
Efforts to Make Spaces Legible in the Name of Public Health
Benefits and Harms of Making Spaces Legible
Conclusion
References
COVID-19 in Tunisia: Mapping and Documenting the Impacts on Those on the Margins
Introduction: From Pandemic Context to Pandemic Pretext
A Full-Scale Lockdown in an `Already´ Sick Country
Democratic Governance Challenged by the Health Crisis: Underscoring the Conflicts of Power
Spontaneous Mobilizations of the Youth: `Better Safe Than Sorry´
The Food Crisis, an Indicator of the Rural Populations´ Vulnerability
The `Other´ Populations at Risk in the COVID-19 Days in Tunisia: The Immobilized Sub-Saharan Migrants
Conclusion: And Then, Going Beyond the Window-Dressing?
References
Mapping the COVID-19 Spatial Behaviors and Narratives of Women in an Architecture School in the Midwest USA
Introduction
Review of Literature
Method
Spatial Narratives and Mappings of the Six Female Architecture Students
A Student of Hispanic Lineage in Her Early 20s
A Student of Caucasian Lineage in Her Early 20s
A Student of Caucasian Lineage in Her Late 20s
A First-Generation Immigrant Student of Rohingya Lineage in Her Early 20s
A Student of Caucasian Lineage in Her Early 20s
A Student of Caucasian Lineage in Her Early 20s
Evaluating Creativity of These Spatial Mapping Assignments
Analysis and Findings
Conclusion
References
Increased Use of Maps During the COVID-19 Pandemic: An Example from Morocco
Introduction
Global Use of Maps and Graphs as Digital Data
An Ordinary Use of Epidemiological Data: The Moroccan Case
Summary and Conclusion
References
Part VIII: Cultures: Diffusion and Social Well-being
The Way from the Leading Position to the Last: Geo-demographic Analysis of the COVID-19 Pandemic in Czechia
Introduction
General Theoretical Background
Data sources
Epidemic Trajectories in Czechia
The First Wave (March 2020-May 2020)
The Second Wave (August 2020-November 2020)
The Third Wave (December 2020-January 2021)
The Fourth Wave (from February 2021)
The Spread of COVID-19 in Czechia and Its Neighboring Countries at the Regional Level in 2021
Demographic Aspects: Potential Impact of COVID-19 on Mortality Level
Geographic Aspects: The Exploration of Spatial Patterns at Regional Levels
The Pre-pandemic Situation in the Czech Regions
The Regional Impacts of the COVID-19 Pandemic
Conclusion
References
COVID-19 Deaths in México: A Spatiotemporal Analysis
Introduction: COVID-19 in Mexico
Method
Results and Analysis
Discussion
Limitations
Interactive Visualization
References
Impact of COVID-19 on Culture in Nigeria
Introduction
Spatial Spread of COVID-19 Across Nigeria
Effect of COVID-19 on the Livelihood of Nigerian People
Lockdown and Family Contact Hours
Effects of Lockdown on Socio-Economy
COVID-19, Lockdown and Behaviour Change
Conclusion
References
Research Frontiers on COVID-19 Issues in Brazilian Context
Introduction
Brazilian Education in the COVID-19 Context
Violence Against Women in Brazil in the COVID-19 Context
Violence and Hate Against Health Care Professionals in Brazil the COVID-19 Context
Indians and Quilombola Communities in Brazil in the COVID-19 Context
Brazilian Media Role in the Context of COVID-19
Conclusion
References
Geography, Factors and Consequences of COVID-19 Diffusion in Russia
Introduction
References
Effects of COVID-19 on Urban Mobility and Public Space Use in Kumasi, Ghana
Introduction
The Problem and Structure of African Cities
Mobility Challenges and Restricted Use of Public Spaces in Kumasi
Structure and Mobility Patterns in African Cities
Study Context and Methodology
Study Results
Nature of Restrictions on Urban Mobility Under COVID-19
Changes in Trip Patterns and Modal Choices
Impacts of COVID-19 on Revenues of Vehicle Operators
Limited Social Interactions and Use of Public Spaces
Discussions of Findings
COVID-19 Impacts and Implications for Urban Functioning
Perceptions and Responses of Commuters and Residents
Preliminary Reflections and Implications for Managing Health Emergencies
Conclusion
References
Part IX: Mobility and Immobility
Impact of COVID-19 on Nepal´s Labour Migration
Introduction
Socio-Economic Vulnerabilities of Nepali Labour Migrants
Wage Theft and Challenges to Access to Justice
Repatriation of Nepali Migrants
COVID-19 and Labour Migrants´ Return and Reintegration: Responses During the Pandemic
Conclusion
References
Voting with Their Feet: Coronavirus Pandemic Refugees and the Future of American Cities
Introduction
Pre-Pandemic Migration Trends
COVID-19 Implications for U.S. Cities
Postscript
References
Exploring Human Mobilities in the COVID-19 Era in Urban and Rural Canada
Introduction
International Mobility
Inter- and Intra-provincial Mobility
Local Mobilities
Conclusions: Mobility in the COVID-19 Era and the Research Questions That Need to Be Asked
References
Rearranging Mobilities and Immobilities and Place-Remaking During COVID-19: Governing the Pandemic Situation Through (Im)mobil...
Introduction
Governmobility and Technological Self-Governance
Governing Through Rearranged Mobilities and Immobilities Based on Technology
Internal Negotiations for New Norms
Conclusions Towards Place-Remaking
References
Pandemic and Education: Persistent Deepening of Educational Inequalities in Argentina as a Consequence of COVID-19
Introduction
Schools and Previous Pandemics in Argentina
Origin and Persistence of Argentina´s Territorial Inequalities
Education and Regional Inequalities: A Brief Historical Overview 1869-2010
Differences in Rural Population
Socio-Territorial and Technological Gap: Its Impact on Education
Connecting Equality: A Truncated Proposal, Which Aimed to Reduce the Technological Gap
The Educational Context of an Unequal Argentina in the Face of the COVID-19 Pandemic
Pandemic Does Not Affect All Students Equally
Final Reflections
References
Part X: Inequalities and Divides
COVID-19 and the Comorbidities of Spatial Inequality and Colonial Legacy: Two Caribbean Cases - Jamaica and Trinidad & Tobago
Introduction
Spatial Inequality
Public Space Control, Caribbean Style
Data Source, Collection and Analysis
Restrictions on Public Spaces
Sharing of Spaces
Movement Between Spaces
Violations of Restrictions
Exemplary Cases
Conclusion
References
Digital Inequalities in Times of the COVID-19 Pandemic in Israel and Germany
Introduction: COVID-19, a Magnifying Glass for Digital Inequalities
Theorizing Digital Inequalities
Digital Media in Israel and Germany
The Present Study
Three Social Domains of Digital Inequalities: Education, Vital Needs, and Surveillance Apps
Education
Access to Vital Needs
Surveillance Apps
Conclusion
References
Beyond the Ecumene: Roma Genesis, Community and Survival in the COVID-19 World
Introduction
The Ecumene as the Roma Terra Dolorosa
The Roma, the Roma Ethnogenesis and the Roma Genocide
The Roma: Life Under the Shadow of the Pandemic
Conclusion
References
Part XI: Marginalized Groups: Refugees, Silences, Gender, Racism, Survival
Ethnic Minorities in Poland in the Face of the COVID-19 Pandemic: Threats, Stigma and Forms of (In)visibility
Introduction
Ethnic Minorities in Poland: Hidden Diversity
Kashubs and Silesians: Between Official Recognition and Invisibility
Our Study: Sample, Procedure and Measures
Minority Language Use Among Kashubs and Silesians During the Pandemic
COVID-Related Stigma, Visibility and ad hoc Geographies
Other Insights from Our Survey
Final Discussion and Conclusions
References
Everyday Morbid Geography: Street Life and COVID-19 State Regulation in Manila and Hanoi
Introduction
Review of Related Literature
``Everyday Life´´ and the Impacts of the COVID-19 Pandemic on Cities
State Surveillance, Informality, and Transgressive Behavior During Crises
Street Vendors, Self-Organization, and Co-production, in the Face of Planning
Methodology
Fieldwork Findings
Metro Manila
Hanoi
Analysis and Discussion
Concluding Remarks
References
Undocumented Migrants and the COVID-19 Pandemic: Similar and Dissimilar COVID-19 Stories Comparing Finland and Iran
Introduction
Undocumented Migrants in Finland and Iran
COVID-19 Pandemic in Finland and Iran
Undocumented Migrants and the COVID-19 Pandemic in Finland and Iran
Information About the COVID-19 Virus
Impact on Mobility
Impact on Access to Health Care
COVID-19 Prevention and Vaccination
Conclusions
References
`If I Don´t Sell Food, How Would I Eat?´ Negotiating Street Vendor Livelihoods in the Context of COVID-19 Lockdowns in Urban T...
Introduction
The First Wave of COVID-19 in Thailand, Vietnam, and Laos
Street Vending in Chiang Mai, Hanoi, and Luang Prabang
COVID-19 Impacts for Southeast Asian Street Vendors: Income Drops and Livelihood Concerns
Surviving the Lockdown: Responses to the First Wave of COVID-19
The Heightened Importance of Social Networks
The Appeal and Downsides of e-Commerce
Conclusion: Elimination and Perseverance
References
Impact of COVID-19 on Local Planning Practices: Focusing on Tactical Urbanism, Slow Streets and Low-Income Communities in Oakl...
Introduction
Literature Review
Definition of Tactical Urbanism
Key Aim of Tactical Urbanism
Key Characteristics of Tactical Urbanism
Outcomes of Tactical Urbanism
Who Leads Tactical Urbanism?
Methods
Why Slow Streets? Why These Six Cities?
Case Study
Data Collection and Analysis
Results
Program Roll-Out and Implementation
Leading Agencies
Community Engagement
Focus on Low-Income Communities
Are the Programs Perceived to Be Effective?
Health of Low-Income Communities
Short-Term vs. Long-Term
Post-COVID-19 Plans
Implications of the Key Findings and Discussion
Tactical Urbanism, Top-Down vs. Bottom-Up
Lack of Effective Community Engagement
Lack of Alignment with Longer Term Plans
Lack of Attention to the Health Needs of Underserved Communities
Conclusion
Longer Term Planning and Strategies
Democratic Governance
Equitable Development
References
Risk and the Transformation of Everyday Places and Spaces: Emptiness and Meaning-Making in Daily Life Amid the COVID-19 Pandem...
Navigating Risk Geographies to Acquire Food: Empty Shelves as Empty Spaces
Risk Landscapes of Public Spaces: Caution Indoors and Outdoors
Conclusion: Empty Common Spaces and Risk Avoidance
References
Racism in the Times of COVID-19: Angos, Dirty, Undisciplined, and Vendors in Quito, Ecuador
Introduction
COVID-19 and Control Measures in Quito
Methods
Undisciplined, Irrational, and Angos
The Workings of Race-Based Marginalization of Vendors
Race, Colonialism and Hygiene: Angos
Conclusions
References
Blurry Microgeographies of the New Normal: Grappling with COVID-19 Disruptions, Disgust and Despair in Switzerland
Dispatches on Coronavirus and Everyday Life
Uncovering the Everyday
Disenchantment and Despair
Disgust and Disinformation
Vignette: Annette, 41, Office Worker
Vignette: Thomas, 29, Designer and Student
Vignette: Hannah, 56, Housecleaner
A Condition of Prolonged Uncertainty
References
Vulnerability, Infection, and Anti-discrimination Among Asian Americans and COVID-19: Explorations into Race and Health Inters...
Introduction
Analytical Framework, Theoretical Foundation, and Research Questions
Analytical Framework: Social Vulnerability
Theoretical Framework: Moral Panics
Literature Gaps and Research Questions
Research Methods: Customized ASVI and Implementation
Data Sources
Methods
Empirical Results: ASVI, COVID-19 Impacts, and Anti-Asian Racism
Asian SVI v. CDC´s SVI
ASVI and COVID-19 Incidence Rate
Anti-Asian Discrimination Amid COVID-19
Summary and Conclusion
References
Racism, Risk, and Supply: U.S. Policies Toward COVID-19 and Asia, and Current and Future Impacts on Asian Americans
Introduction
The Political Economy of Asian Americans and Health in the U.S.
Asian American Nurses and COVID-19
Discussion
Conclusion: Policy Implications and Research Priorities
References
Q´eqaläj Jiq´ Ojöb `Darkest Suffocating Cough´ (COVID-19) in Guatemala: Kaqchikel Maya Personal Accounts of Overcoming the Pan...
How This Chapter Came to Be
Introduction
Ri ajna´oj, ajtz´ib´: The Contributing Authors
Qatinamit: Our Communities
Junajpu´: Santa María de Jesús
Chi Xot: Comalapa
Chi Iximche´: Tecpn Guatemala
Chi K´im: Santiago Sacatepéquez
K´ak´a´ Orleans: New Orleans
Ri Q´eqaläj Jiq´ Ojöb pa qatinamit wakamin: COVID-19 in Our Communities Today
How This Illness Came to Kaqchikel Communities
Work and wäy (Tortillas/Food)
The Kaqchikel Bestir Themselves, They Help One Another
Schooling, Children
Medicine, Doctors, Hospitals, the Dead
In the Face of COVID-19, What? Maya Spirituality, Maya Knowledge, Philosophy, and Culture
What Have We Lost?
Nimab´äl k´u´x kaxlan (Christianity)
Ri ruximik ri achalal ri´ïl nsol ruma ri COVID, ruma ri xib´iril (Familial Ties Unravel Due to COVID, Due to Fear)
Ri nimab´äl k´u´x kuqub´an qanima: Mayan Spirituality Soothes Our Spirits
Major Findings
Further Study
tz´apin tzij: Concluding Words
References
Further Reading
Part XII: Indigenous Groups
COVID-19, ``Black Lives Matter´´ and Indigenous Australians: A Tale of Two Intersecting Pandemics
Introduction
Historical Context
Australia Protests for Black Lives Matter
Gadigal Country (Sydney)
Mulubinba (Newcastle)
Meanjin (Brisbane)
Whadjuk (Perth)
Naarm (Melbourne)
Defund the Police
Conclusion
References
Facing Vulnerability and Mobilizing Resilience: Impact of the COVID-19 Pandemic on Speakers of Indigenous Languages in Mexico ...
Introduction
Research Context
Participants, Methods and Measures of the Study
Results
Discussion and Conclusions
References
COVID-19 and the Interruption of Sister Cities Activities: Lexington, Kentucky and Its Four ``Sister´´ Thoroughbred Raising/Ra...
Introduction
Scholarly Interests in Sister Cities
Lexington, Kentucky and Thoroughbred Sister Cities
Lexington and the Thoroughbred Economy
The 2020 Calendar: Cancelations and Postponements
The 2021 Calendar
Summary and the Future
References
Part XIII: Economy and Economic Livelihoods
Spatial Dimensions of Vulnerability: Meatpacking, Socioeconomics, and the Outbreak of COVID-19 in the High Plains of Texas
Introduction
Literature Review
Socioeconomic Structures, Power Dynamics, Race, and COVID-19
Rurality and COVID-19
Meatpacking, Structural Inequality, and COVID-19
Theory
Study Design
Study Area
Hypotheses
Variable Definitions and Sources
Results
Further Analysis, Discussion, and Conclusions
COVID-19 over Time and Space
Conclusions and Discussion
References
Forecasting the Economic Impacts of COVID-19: A Case for the Namibian Economy
Introduction
Narrative Impact of COVID-19 on the Namibia Economy
The Tourism Sector
The Informal Business Sector
Government Revenue Collection
Foreign Trade
Transport and Logistics
Domestic Consumption
Financial Markets
Interest Risk
Currency Risk
Equity Risk
Estimating the Impact on the Economy in 2020 and Beyond
Theoretical Framework
Estimation Design
Assumptions
Public Administration, Health and Education
Consumption, Fiscal Policy and Others
Quantifying the Possible Economic Impact of COVID-19 on Namibia
Conclusion
Policy Proposals
References
Impact of COVID-19 on the Dutch Flower Trade-Logistics Node
A Full Stop to a Globally Integrated Trade Logistics System
The Netherlands as a Trade-Logistics Hub in the Flower Industry
A Brief History of the Netherlands as Major Flower Producer
From Flower Producer to Flower Trade-Logistics Hub and European Gateway
Diversity of Trade in Wholesale and Retail
Developments in the Flower Cool-Chain
Impact of COVID-19 on the Dutch Trade-Logistics Flower Hub
Immediate Effects
Two Strong Flower Clusters. But Transport a Bottleneck
COVID-19: An Interruption of Long-Running Trends But also a Point for Reflection on Weaknesses and Strengths
References
Meeting the Challenge of COVID-19: How American Craft Breweries Responded
Introduction
The Craft Brewing Industry
The Impact of COVID-19 on the Craft Brewing Industry
Surviving COVID-19 - The Role of Government Support and Changing Business Models
Consumer Purchasing Trends
COVID-19, Third Places, and Societal Impacts
Conclusions and Future Research
References
How Work and Shopping Related Travel Changed During the COVID-19 Pandemic in Western Hungary in 2020
Introduction
Coronavirus in Hungary - A Short Overview
Changes in Behavior
Product Purchases
Services
Working and Commuting
Data and Methods
Results
Commuting to Work or University
Purchasing Behavior
Place of Purchase
Services Travel
Discussion
Long-Term Effects
Remarks and Limitations
Conclusion
References
The Italian Fashion Industry Facing the COVID-19 Pandemic Crisis
Introduction
The Response to COVID-19 in the Italian Fashion Industry
Documenting the Problems Produced by the Pandemic Crisis in the Italian Fashion Industry
Confinement and Production-Consumption Short-Circuit
Work Organisation in the Fashion Industry During the Pandemic
Measures to Tackle the Closure of Enterprises in Crisis
Conclusions
References
Resilience of Retailing: From the Perspective of Chinese Daily Shopping Distance in Three Stages Related to the COVID-19 Pande...
Introduction
Literature Review
Survey Data
Methodology
Comparing the Cij (Shopping Distance Reductions) of the Four Zones
The Percentage of Interviewees with Different D Levels in Four Zones (Group 1)
Adding the Percentage of Interviewees with High D in Group 1 and Group 2 Together
Conclusion
References
Stability Extension of Food Culture Space: A Case Study of Consumer Space Practice Before and After COVID-19 Epidemic in Wuhan...
Introduction
Literature Review
Research Area
Method
Process
Framework
Consumer Behavior Analysis: Perception Feature
Perception Internal Connection
Perceptual Feature Changes in the Post-epidemic Era
Consumer Behavior Analysis: Emotional Image Feature
Emotional Attitude
Emotional Feature Changes in the Post-epidemic Era
Discussion and Conclusions
The Diversity and Variability of the Consumer Services in the Post-epidemic Era
The Authenticity and Stability of Local Food Culture in the Post-epidemic Era
References
Rural Livelihoods Amidst the COVID-19 Pandemic: Farmers and Fishers in Thailand and Vietnam
Introduction
The Bottom 40% Amidst Structural Transformation in Middle-Income Countries
Methodology and Research Areas
The Impact of COVID-19 on Farmers and Fisherfolk
Traditionally Farming-Based Areas
Traditionally Fishing-Based Areas
Conclusions and Further Research
References
Part XIV: Rural: Farming, Fishing and Small Town Life, Livelihoods and Health Care
Reflections on COVID-19 and Its Impact on Marginal Urban Places: The Case of Four Small Towns in the Western Cape, South Africa
Introduction
Case Study Areas: COVID-19 Context
Role of Governance
Solidarity in Food Support
Social Grants
Tourism
Conclusion
References
Effects of the COVID-19 Pandemic on the U.S. Custom Grain and Forage Harvesting Labor Supply and 2020 Harvest
Introduction
Coronavirus and Worldwide Transnational Labor Shortages
Nonimmigrant Labor Visas in the United States
History of Great Plains Harvest Labor and the U.S. Public Employment Service
Disruptions of Transnational Custom Harvesting Labor in 2020
2021 Survey Methodology
Survey Results and Effects of the Global Pandemic on the 2020 Harvest Season
Evaluating Custom Harvesting´s Labor Dilemma
Discussion and Conclusions
References
The COVID-19 Pandemic and Coastal Fishery Livelihood Systems: Socio-economic Implications for Small-Scale Fisherfolk in Winneb...
Introduction
Theoretical Framework: Sustainable Fishery Livelihoods and the COVID-19 Pandemic
Methodology
Empirical Results
Awareness About the Origin of COVID-19
Impacts of the COVID-19 Pandemic on Small-Scale Fisheries
Coping Strategies to Negate the Impacts of COVID-19
Discussion
Conclusion
References
Reflections of a Nurse/Administrator During COVID-19: Preparedness and Fear in Rural Kentucky Nursing Homes
Introduction
Nursing Homes and COVID-19
Interview
Geography: Robertson County
Basic Information
Preparation and Lockdown
Geography: Bourbon County
The Nursing Home´s COVID-19 Outbreak
Final Questions
Discussion
Conclusion and Looking Forward
References
Life in the National Basketball Association Bubble: A Space for Social Justice During the COVID-19 Pandemic
Introduction
Life in the NBA Bubble
A Space for Social Justice
Conclusion
References
Part XV: Sports
Futures of Change and Futures of Uncertainty: The Impacts of COVID-19 and Movements for Racial Justice in English Football and...
Introduction
Large Scale Changes
Non-traditional Football Clubs
English Premier League, NASCAR, and Social Justice
Conclusion
References
Change the Game: Sport and Leisure Responses to COVID-19
Introduction
Local Scale: Everyday Geographies of Sport and Leisure
National Scale Case Study: Golf
Global Scale: Formula 1
Conclusion
References
COVID-19 Pandemic and Young Tourists´ Travel Risk Perceptions: Impacts on Travel Restrictions (Local and International) and To...
Introduction
Study Background
Methods
Results
Description and Psychometric Analysis
Discussion and Conclusions
Research Contributions
References
Part XVI: Tourism and Travel
Challenges of the COVID-19 Pandemic Confront Georgia´s Tourism Industry
Introduction
Methods and Materials
COVID-19 and the Governmental Response
Spatial and Temporal Patterns of Pre-pandemic Tourism in Georgia
Challenges Facing the Tourist Industry
Conclusions
References
Corporate Social Responsibility in Times of Epidemic Outbreaks: A Case Study from the Hospitality Industry in Spain
Introduction
Theoretical Framework
Materials and Methods
Data Analysis
Contribution of the Hospitality Industry in the Context of the Covid-19 Outbreak
Effects on Society
Organizational Effects
Conclusions
References
How COVID-19 Changed Mobility: A Life-Oriented Approach to Travel Behavior Change in Flanders, Belgium
Introduction
Literature Review
Data and Methods
Results
Discussion and Conclusion
References
Finland´s Tourism in the Times of the COVID-19 Pandemic: Abrupt Halt in Internationals and Moderate Revival of Domestics
Introduction
Background
Statistical Observations of COVID-19 Era Tourism
Revenues and Accommodation Prices in Flux
Remark on Limitations
Conclusions
References
Measuring the Spread of COVID-19: Restrictions and Mobility in the Visegrad Countries (Czech Republic, Hungary, Poland, Slovak...
Introduction
The COVID-19 Spread as a Spatial Process
Measures Against the Spread of COVID-19
Methodology
The Progress and Measures in the Context of the Spread of COVID-19
First Wave of Spread (Spring 2020)
Second Wave of Spread (Autumn and Winter 2020)
Mobility and Changes in the COVID-19 Pandemic
Conclusion
Addendum: COVID-19 in V4 Countries (Mid-March 2021)
References
Emerging Technocratic Cosmologies on Traveling: Travels and Tourism After COVID-19 in Argentina
Introduction
Virus History and Tourism
Discussing Hospitality: Dialogues with J. Derrida
The Virus as an Undesired Guest
The Undesired Guest
Re-feudalization Process
Pay Today While Travelling Tomorrow
Conclusion
References
Impacts of COVID-19 on Youth Tourism and Hospitality Managers in Training in Serbia
Introduction
Study Background
Literature Review
Development of Hypotheses
Methods
Results
Discussion
Conclusion
References
Tourism and COVID-19: Socio-economic Impacts of COVID-19 on the Tourism Industry in Bulgaria
Introduction
The Widespread Distribution of COVID-19 in Bulgaria
Economic Impacts of COVID-19 on the Tourism Industry in Bulgaria
Impacts of COVID-19 on the Accommodation Sector in Bulgaria
Accommodation: Occupancy Rate and Nights Spent at Tourist Establishments
Inbound and Outbound Tourism
Impacts of COVID-19 on Tour Operations
Impacts of COVID-19 on the Air Transport Industry
Impacts of COVID-19 on Restaurants and Additional Services
Socioeconomic Measures Implemented to Mitigate the Negative Effects of COVID-19 on Bulgarian Tourism
Conclusion
References
COVID-19 and Tourism Geography at a Crossroads: Challenges, Opportunities and Moving Forward
Introduction
Impact of COVID-19 on Tourism
Impact of COVID-19 on Tourism Geography Education
Impact of COVID-19 on Tourism Geography Research
Tourism Geography Moving Forward
References
Impacts of the COVID-19 Pandemic on Live Musical Performance in the United States and the United Kingdom: Outsider and Insider...
Introduction
Statement of Problem
What Music Writers and Critics Are Saying About Venue Closures and Musical Adaptations During the COVID-19 Pandemic: The Outsi...
What Established Musicians Were Doing During Lockdown
How Up-and-Coming Musicians Were Making Themselves Known in the Industry
Innovations to Improve the Production, Distribution and Consumption of Music During and After the Pandemic
Innovations Designed to Make Live Venues a Safe Environment
Legislation Proposed and Enacted to Ease the Lives of Musicians and Assure the Viability of Music Venues
What Musicians and Others Employed in the Production of Live Performances Have to Say About the Impact of COVID-19
The Questionnaire
Some General Impressions from Music Industry Insiders
The View from California
The View from the United Kingdom
Cancellation of Tours and Festivals in 2020
Coda: Three Signs of Hope
A Live Concert in a Literal Bubble
Live Concert as a Medical Experiment
A Live Streamed Concert Mixing Musical Genres
Not the End, But a New Beginning?
References
Part XVII: Arts: Photography, Art, Film, Music and Architecture
The Bigger Picture: Coronavirus in the Context of the History of the American Film Industry
Introduction
1908: The New York Nickelodeons
The 1920s: A Scandalous Decade
The Hollywood Production Code and the Great Depression
The Paramount Case, TV, the Red Scare
Suburbanization and the Drive-in
The Mall, Movies at Home and the Megaplex
Streaming
Coronavirus and ``The Death of Movie Theaters´´
Not Fading Out: Movie Theaters Will Survive
Take Two: The Movies and the Mall
Conclusion
References
Songs Which Resonate: Music and Nostalgia in the First U.K. COVID-19 Lockdown
Introduction
Collective Nostalgia: Songs of Our Lives
A Snapshot of Music Consumption
Reading the Data: Overview of Repertoire
Gender Representation
A Broader Perspective
Similar Cultural Phenomena
Conclusion
References
#Artcovidbn on Instagram: Capturing COVID-19´s New Normal in Brunei Via Creative Artwork
Introduction
Researching #Artcovidbn: Methodology
Local Concerns and Challenges During the COVID-19 Pandemic
Pandemic Phases Through the Lens of the Artists
Familiarization of the New Normal: Uncertainty, Fear, and Responsibility
De-escalation: Managing and Coping with the New Normal
Normalizing the New Normal Phase
Conclusion-Beyond the Creative Portrayals of COVID-19
References
Photographing COVID-19 on the Philadelphia Landscape: Responses, Realities, Silences, and Reactions
Background and Context
References
``Stay at Home:´´ Pictorial Reflections of Polish Students During the COVID-19 Pandemic
Introduction
Background Situation: A Year of COVID-19 in Poland
The Situation of the Youth During the Pandemic: The Practical and the Psychological Dimension
The Design and the Results of the Research
Conclusions and Thinking Ahead
References
Education as ``Mental Vaccine:´´ Designing Educational Materials About COVID-19
Introduction
A Preliminary ``Stopgap Lesson´´
Evaluating and Recommending Online Lessons
Example 1. Graphs and Explanations About the Spread of the Disease in the Home State
Example 2. A Simple Animation About the Hypothetical Spread of a Disease from Person to Person
Example 3. A Complex Animation That Shows How Coronavirus Actually Spread Among Continents
Example 4. Examples of Well-Designed Interactive Maps
Example 5. A Critique of a Map with a Design That Hides Valuable Information
Example 6. An Website Produced by a College Class
Example 7. An Academic Site That Has Useful Information for People in a Specific Region
Example 8. An Commercial Website That Deals with a Core Geographic Topic (Population Density)
Inserting COVID-19 into Existing Curriculum Units
Lessons that Use a Graphic Organizer
Evaluating Levels of Knowledge
Conclusion
References
Part XVIII: Education: Teaching and Learning
Perceived Impacts of COVID-19 by Spanish University Students: Changes in the Physical and Social Environments
Introduction
Methodology
Results
Stratified Analyses
Perception of City Before and After COVID-19
Summary and Future Directions
References
Online Education: An Unprepared Effort Posing Challenges to Students and Teachers of the Punjab State of India Amid COVID-19
Introduction
Methodology
Demographic Factors
Results and Discussion
Statistical Analysis
Conclusion
References
Social Consequences of the COVID-19 Pandemic on the School Closings in Five Southern Africa Countries: Lesotho, Namibia, South...
Introduction
COVID-19 and Education: A Global Overview
Patterns of School Closures, Educational Strategies and Responses to Adapt to COVID-19 in the SADC-Region
The Unique Case of the Kingdom of Lesotho: Early School Closure and Rural Boys as the Primary Marginalised Pupils
Using TV and Radio as One Primary Form of Distance Learning and Only Limited School Closures Aiming to Reduce the Severe Pande...
An Overwhelmed Education System in Zimbabwe: Long-Lasting School Closure, Widely Inadequate WASH-Infrastructure and Widespread...
The Unequal Education System of South Africa: Initiatives to Cope with School Closures, Ways of Reopening and Limits on Altern...
Ongoing Enrollment Challenges for Namibia Further Amplified by Distance Learning, Learning from Home, Lowering Minimum Promoti...
Outlook: Potentials of Online, Hybrid or Rotational Forms of Schooling and its Obstacles
References
Effect of COVID-19 Lockdown on Higher Education: Challenges Facing Engineering Education in India
Introduction to COVID-19 and Students
Pre-COVID-19 e-Learning Scenario
A COVID-19 Scenario of Higher Education
Effect of Lockdown on Stakeholders in Engineering Education
Challenges Before Engineering Colleges During the Pandemic
Opportunities Generated Due to the Lockdown
Initiatives by Government of India
Conclusions
References
From Emergency Remote Teaching to Academic Strategic Digitalization Planning: How a College Responded to COVID-19 and What Dep...
Introduction
4 C´s of an Academic Digital Strategy
The Components of an Academic Strategic Digitalization Plan
Case Study of a Response from Within the University of Arizona
Implementing an ASDP in UAGIST
Conclusions
References
The Landscape of Medical Translators and Interpreters During the Coronavirus Pandemic: Terminology, Deontology and Teaching-Le...
Introduction: The Coronavirus Pandemic in Spain and the Importance of Translators and Interpreters
Lost in Translation: Spaniards Living Abroad and Tourists Living in Spain and Travelling Back to Their Home Countries During t...
Medical Translation and Interpreting Services in Spain
What Was It Like to Be a Medical Translator and Interpreter During the Pandemic?
Medical-Terminological Resources from Translation and Interpreting Institutions
A COVID-19 Medical Glossary in English, French and Spanish
Online COVID-19 Activities and Exercises in the Translation and Interpreting Classroom
Conclusion
References
(Re)defining the Teaching-Learning Process During the COVID-19 Pandemic: The Portuguese Experience
Introduction
Synthetic Framework of the Educational System in Portugal
COVID-19 Scenario on Portuguese Education
Research Methodology
Results
Conclusions
References
Teaching Geography in the Midst of the COVID-19 Pandemic in a Chinese University: A Case Study of Beijing Normal University
Introduction
Methods and Data
Results
Online Teaching Organization
Online Teaching Strategies for Different Types of Courses
Evaluation of Online Teaching Effects and Suggestions
Evaluation at Different Times
Evaluation of Online Courses of Geographical Fieldtrips
Teachers´ Self-Evaluations of Online Courses
Students´ Suggestions for Online Teaching
Conclusion and Discussion
References
Teaching About the Geography of COVID-19 in High Schools in Different Neighborhoods in Adana, Turkey: Assessments of Teaching ...
Introduction
Methodology: Research Model
Study Group
Validity and Reliability
Data Collection and Data Collection Tool
Data Analysis
Findings
Discussion: Learning and Moving Forward
References
Prospective Aquatic Brandscaping Megaproject Addressing Climate Change and Coronavirus of the Coastal Californias: The Interse...
Introduction
USA and California Politician´s Debilitating Calderella Complex
``Internationalized Aquatic Brandscaping´´ Post-COVID-19: The Region´s Coordinated Response?
Raising Taxpayer Expectations Whilst Dispelling Deep COVID-19 Despair: The ``Baja-A-Ha!´´
Medical Megaengineering Causality (Human Geoengineering Foresight)
References
Part XIX: Environmental Change, Risk, Sustainability, Conservation and the Bio/Geopolitics
Costa Rican Sustainable Development Perspectives: The COVID-19 Pandemic as a Turning Point?
Introduction
Forging the ``Green Image´´ in Costa Rica
Pandemic, Environment, and Development Pathways in Costa Rica
Pandemic, Tourism and Natural Capital
Post-COVID-19 Development Pathways and the Environment
Concluding Remarks
References
Risk Perception Management Related to COVID-19: A Study of Scenario Planning in Cuba
Introduction
Risk Perception: Definition and Aspects for Its Study
Risk Perception Management
Scenario Planning for COVID-19 in Cuba
Conclusions
Overall Recommendations
References
Zoos in Canada: Responses to COVID-19 Pandemic
Zoos in Canada, an Introduction
The COVID-19 Pandemic: A Summary of Human Medical Impact and Canada´s Response
Canadian Zoo Resilience and Examples of Ability to Pivot in Response to the Pandemic; Comparisons and Contrasting Internationa...
Canadian Zoos - Institutional Responses
Virtual Interpretive Programming New or Increased Substantially
Drive-Through and Controlled Walking Experiences in the Zoo: Outdoor and Large Safe Spaces Ideas
Special Safe New Engagements/Exhibits/Performances
Animal Behaviour Change and Care Response in the Zoos in the Pandemic
Animal Health and Care in the Pandemic: Canadian Zoos and Related Institutions´ Experience and Response
Repercussions in Canadian Zoos - Notable, Inconvenient, and Unexpected
Concluding Remarks
Zoo Stories in the Pandemic in Canada and Beyond
Animals Safe in Zoos
Nature Around Us: The Zoo in the Future as Metaphor for Possibilities of Our Future Human Societies, Post Pandemic
Some Ways and Means the Institution of the Zoo Can Lead Forward by Doing What It Has Always Done
References
Shared Spaces, Shared Suffering: Exploring the Effects of COVID-19 on Urban Animal Advocacy Organizations in Chicago and Kansa...
Introduction
Companion Animals and COVID-19
Kansas City and Chicago: Background Context
Impact of COVID-19 on Kansas City and Chicago Organizations
Clients-Human and Animal
Organizational Opportunities and Challenges
Conclusion
References
Animal Geographies in the Time of COVID-19: Challenges and Opportunities
Introduction
COVID-19 and Animals
COVID-19 and Animal Geographers: How Are They Doing?
Survey Results Relating to Personal and Professional Experiences During COVID-19
Personal Experience
Student Experiences
Faculty Experiences
Non-faculty Professionals
COVID-19 and Animal Geographers: What Are They Thinking and Writing?
Conclusion
References
The COVID-19 Pandemic and Bio/Geopolitics in Japan
Introduction
COVID-19 in Japan
Time-Series Trends
International Comparison
NPIs in Japan
NPIs as Bio/Geo-Politics
Geo-Political Aspects of NPIs in Japan
Tensions Between NPIs and Other Politics
Economic Imperatives
Inter-Governmental Relations
Monitoring Privacy
NPIs and Democracy
Conclusion
References
Fading Voices: COVID-19, Language Death and the Case of Bergamasco in Italy
Introduction
The COVID-19 Pandemic in Italy and in the Province of Bergamo
Methodology
The Vitality of Bergamasco
Language Endangerment, COVID-19 Mortality and Isolation
Conclusion
References
Part XX: Language and Linguistics
Persistence of Ethnic and Linguistic Division During the COVID-19 Pandemic Outbreak in Kosovo
Introduction
Kosovo and Its History of Ethnolinguistic Conflict
COVID-19 in Kosovo
COVID-19 Communication: Segregated Information Dissemination
Government Communication in Kosovo
Pristina
Gračanica
Conclusion
References
The Effect of Face Masks on the Acoustic Properties of Vowels
Introduction
Methodology
Results
Discussion
Conclusions
References
The Heterogeneity of Language Policies and its Related Health Crisis Communication about COVID-19 in Lesotho and South Africa
Point of Departure
Overview of Global Health Crisis Communication and the Communication Challenges for Lesotho and South Africa
Legal and Socio-Cultural Framework for the Language Policies in Lesotho and South Africa
Crisis Communication in Lesotho and South Africa
Significance of `Fake News,´ Myths and Its Severe Consequences for COVID-19 and Vaccination Rollouts
African Languages, Multilingualism and Crisis Communication During COVID-19
Outlook and Recommendations
References
`No Face Mask, No Entry!´: Dissecting Multilingual COVID-19 Related Public Health Signs in Penang, Malaysia
Introduction
Multilingualism in Penang
Agency in Language Planning and Policy
Data Collection and Analysis
COVID-19 Public Health Signs in Government Domain and Beyond
State Government
District Government
Large Enterprise
Small Enterprise
Concluding Remarks
References
Explaining COVID-19-Related Concepts in Singapore: A Minimal Language Approach
The Context: The Coronavirus 2020
Problems with Communication
A Specific Communication Problem and the Proposed Solution `Minimal English´
Scripts for `Bacteria´ and `Virus´ for People in Singapore
Concluding Remarks
References
Faith Communities Contribute to COVID-19 Relief: Global and Local Responses of Churches Belonging to a World Communion in Acco...
Introduction
ELCA Approach to Relief and Development
COVID-19
Overview of ELCA Response
Thematic Engagement
Research Methodology
Case Studies
Lutheran Diakonia Foundation (FLD): A Response Focused on Networking and Articulation in the Urban Brazilian Context
Lutheran Diakonia Foundation (FLD)
FLD Actions in the Brazilian Urban Context
The Story of Maria Tugira da Silva Cardoso
The Story of Marcia Teresinha de Melo Souza
COVID-19 Is Not the First Disaster to Affect Sierra Leone: The Evangelical Lutheran Church in Sierra Leone Is Prepared to Resp...
The Evangelical Lutheran Church of Sierra Leone (ELCSL)
A National Church Contributes to the Response to a Health Crisis
COVID-19´s Impact on the People of Sierra Leone: How the Church Contributed to its Mitigation
Lasting Impact of ELCSL´s Involvement
COVID-19 Migrants and their Journeys Back: Accompaniment to Restore Livelihood, Strengthen Dignity and Build Resilience in Ind...
Impact of COVID-19 on Migrants
Lockdowns Exacerbate Poverty and Hunger
Non-reliable Data or Policy on Migrant Workers
The Bodo Evangelical Lutheran Church (BELC): ELCA Lutheran Disaster Response Accompanies the Excluded
Equip and Re-build: The Story of Arun Basumatary
The Lutheran World Service India, Trust (LWSIT): Caste and Gender Combine to Be Serious Systemic Challenges Pushing People int...
The Story of Ms. Sukanti Majhi
Final Considerations
Responding to Health Crises: A Lutheran Perspective
Vision for Next Steps: Recovery and Resilience
References
Part XXI: Religion and Faith Communities
Perspectives on the Role of Mysticism as an Inter-religious Meta-narrative in the Context of the COVID-19 Pandemic
Introduction
Mysticism in Premodernity
Mysticism in Modernity
Theories on Mysticism in the Interface Between Modernity and Postmodernity
Ken Wilber and Perennialism
Steven T. Katz and Social Constructivism
Jorge Ferrer and Participatory Theory
Mysticism as a Unifying Inter-religious Meta-narrative in the Context of COVID-19 from the Perspectives of Ken Wilber´s, Steve...
Additional Concluding Reflections
References
How Do Arab and Moslem Countries and Communities Act in Dealing with the Impacts of the COVID-19 Pandemic?
Introduction
How Has Religious Belief Informed Moslem Community Thinking and Understanding of Plague Epidemics Over the Course of History?
The Triumph of Scientific Medicine and Persistence of Religious Thinking in the Struggle Against COVID-19 in Selected Moslem a...
Potential Research on COVID-19
Concluding Remarks
References
Response to the COVID-19 Pandemic by the Hindu Faith-Based Organizations in Lucknow, Uttar Pradesh, India
Introduction
Study Area and Methodology
Two Faith-Based Organizations in Lucknow: Brahma Kumaris and Sri Ramakrishna Math and Ramakrishna Mission Sevashrama
Discussion
References
Narrative Geographies of the Coronavirus: Cultural Interdependencies and the Emergence of New Assemblages
The Pandemic, Space and Place
Narrative and Narrativity
Borders and Boundaries
Global Societies and Digital Networks
The Study
Narrative Frequencies and Narrative Geographies
Asymmetric Global Power
Globalism
Postcolonial Anxieties
Xenophobia
Narratives Centering Europe, Russia, the United States, and China
Conclusion
References
Part XXII: Coronavirus, Faith-Based Communities, Hindu, Religion, Service, India
Immediate Urgency and Broad Agreement: Early Public COVID-19 Responses of Religiously Affiliated Non-Governmental Organizations
Introduction
Constructivist Approach to the Pandemic
Religiously Affiliated NGOs
Legitimations of Social Constructions
Empirical Data: RNGO Websites Around the End of April 2020
Focus on the Committee of Religious NGOs at the United Nations
General Response to the COVID-Pandemic
Construction of the COVID-Pandemic
Virtually No Constructions Along the Lines of Theological Language
Effects on the Owners of the Respective Sites
Broad Consensus About the Construction of the Pandemic
Responses to COVID-19 Pandemic
Immediate Linkages Between Constructions of the Pandemic and Responses
Focus on Concrete Activities
A Sense of Global Urgency
Attempts to Connect on a Practical Level
Final Remarks
References
Secondary Sources
An Unequal Pandemic: Migration, the Hajj, and Hyper-Nationalism in Saudi Arabia
Introduction
Caught in `Hellish´ Camps: Migrant Workers in the KSA
Pilgrimage, Pandemics, and the State
Hyper-Nationalism and a Post-Oil Economy
Conclusion
References
Orthodox Jewish Communities and COVID-19: At the Interface of Faith, Medicine and Technology
Introduction
Israel´s Faith Communities and COVID-19
Competing Jewish Discourses: Healing, Prevention and Divine Intervention
Other Orthodox Leaders Have Presented Contrasting Positions
Changing Geographies of Ritual - From Communal to Micro Spaces
Weddings
Funerals
Prayer Services
Re-opening of the Public Spaces
References
Retrenchment and Retreat: Policy Changes in the Time of COVID-19 for the Church of Jesus Christ of Latter-Day Saints
Church Organization
Three-Fold Mission of the Church and Its Response to the Current Pandemic
Member Focused Activities
Missionary Work
Temple Work
Church Preparedness Pre-COVID-19
Church Response Post-COVID-19
Slowing the Spread of the Virus
Humanitarian and Welfare Services
COVID-19 Humanitarian Response
A Church Prepared
Moving Forward
References
Special Libraries in the Time of COVID-19: A Time for Refining, Redefining and Rethinking Missions
Introduction
American Geographical Society Library
University of Wisconsin-Milwaukee Archives
UWM Special Collections
2020 COVID-19 Pandemic´s Impact on Special Collections and Special Libraries
Closures
Defining Essential
Instruction
Reference and Research
Conclusion
References
American Association of Geographers´ Response to the COVID-19 Crisis
Effects on AAG Operations
Effects on AAG Finances
Assisting Members
Conclusion
References
Part XXIII: Organizations, Resources and Research Challenges
Subjunctive Geographies: The Contribution of Institutionalised Geography in the German-Speaking Countries to COVID-19 Research
Introduction
An Epistemological Look at German Geography
The Coronavirus Pandemic
COVID-19 Research and Institutionalised German Geography
Geographic COVID-19 Research and the Public
COVID-19 Research in Approved German Geographic Journals
Other Forms of German Geographic COVID-19 Research
Subjunctive Geographies
Conclusions
References
The COVID-19 Pandemic and the International Geographical Union
Geography and the Pandemic
Geographical Contributions to Recognizing the Origin and Spread of the Pandemic
Origin of the Pandemic
The Spread of the Pandemic
Spatiotemporal Dynamics of the Pandemic
Geographic Technology and Responses to the Pandemic
Geographic Information Systems and Geospatial Data
Remote Sensing and Satellite Imagery
The International Geographical Union and the COVID-19 Pandemic
Initial Response of the International Geographical Union to COVID-19
Ongoing Contributions of the International Geographical Union to the Fight Against COVID-19
Efforts of International Geographical Union Colleagues
IGU Events in Response to COVID-19
COVID-19 Related Publications
The International Geographical Union in the Post-Pandemic Era
Strategic Framework for the International Geographical Union Development
Deepen and Innovative Geographical Research
IGU Futures
References
Researching China During the COVID-19 Pandemic
Introduction
Field Research and Field Methods
Adapting Research to the Pandemic: Personal Accounts
Xuefei Ren: Exploring New Questions, Embracing Methodological Pluralism
Jesse Rodenbiker: Taking Place-Based Research on Ocean Conservation Digital
Ettore Santi: Historicizing the Study of the Present
Yining Tan: Online Interviewing and Mapping During the Pandemic
Li Zhang: Incorporating Digital ``Living Archives´´ and the Pandemic Itself into the Research Agenda
Yu Zhou: Conducting Research amid Intensified US-China Political Tensions
Conclusion: What We´ve Lost, What We´ve Gained, and What We´ve Learned
References
Correction to: More than a Message: Public Health Advocacy, Political Cartooning and COVID-19 Challenges in Pakistan
Correction to: Chapter 42 in: S. D. Brunn, D. Gilbreath (eds.), COVID-19 and a World of Ad Hoc Geographies, https://doi.org/10...
