Coronavirus Disease: From Origin to Outbreak provides a comprehensive review of coronaviruses, particularly COVID-19, its transmission, and disease pathology. The book covers the viral structure and genetics of coronaviruses, the pathogenesis and unique characteristics of coronavirus infection, and the evolving nature of our understanding of coronaviruses and disease. It also looks at the history of SARS-CoV and MERS-CoV infections and its global spread. The book examines the effectiveness of various preventive measures and new therapeutic agents that are either currently available or expected to available. Finally, it details the psychological and societal impact the virus and disease has in outbreak regions and what the financial impact an outbreak has on the healthcare system and local economies.
Author(s): Adnan I. Qureshi, Omar Saeed, Uzma Syed
Edition: 1
Publisher: Academic Press
Year: 2021
Language: English
Pages: 223
Front Cover
Coronavirus Disease
Coronavirus Disease: From Origin to Outbreak
Copyright
Contents
Contributors
1 - Introduction
References
2 - History of SARS-CoV-2
References
3 - Zoonotic infections
Definition
Transmission
History of zoonoses
Emerging infections and virus spillover
Bat ecology
Zoonosis as relevant to SARS-CoV-1 and SARS-CoV-2 infections
Challenges to control outbreak
References
4 - Global response
An enemy emerges
The virus marches on: East Asian countries
Europe will not be spared: Italy
Let us worship in peace: Pakistan
The new norm: the United States gets caught in a storm
The city that never sleeps
The dilemma of one of the largest gathering in the world
The search for a prevention
The need to monitor the cases
As Earth completes its revolution
References
5 - Coronavirus infection outbreak: comparison with other viral infection outbreak
Understanding SARS-CoV-2
Epidemic versus pandemic
Common features of epidemics
Saw tooth pattern
Tooth necklace pattern
Tooth eruption pattern
Why epidemics die their deaths?
Comparing SARS-CoV-2 with SARS-CoV and influenza pandemics
Gene structure of MERS-CoV, SARS-CoV, and SARS-CoV-2
Transmissibility and the basic reproductive rate
Incubation period of SARS-CoV-2 and viral excretion
Case fatality and risk of severe illness
Population-based mortality
Incidence of SARS-CoV-2 infections
Comparing SARS-CoV-2 and SARS-CoV spread
SARS-CoV-2 and warmer weather
SARS-CoV-2 and the effect of containment measures
Conclusion
References
6 - SARS-CoV-2 viral structure and genetics
Introduction
Viral structure
Molecular genetics
Cell entry process
Replication and gene expression
Replication transcription complexes
Basics of immune response
Viral host immune interactions
SARS-CoV-2 vaccines
Conclusions
References
7 - Clinical manifestation and diagnosis
Introduction
Transmission of COVID-19
Routes of Transmission
Timescale of transmission
Susceptible groups
Clinical manifestations
Initial phase
Pulmonary phase
Inflammatory phase
Extrapulmonary manifestations
Clinical classification of symptomatic patients
Risk factors for severe disease
Disease course in special groups
Children
Pregnant women and neonates
Diagnosis
Specific diagnostic tests
Nucleic acid testing
Protein testing
Point-of-care testing
Viral culture
Who should get a diagnostic test (molecular or antigen testing)?
Laboratory findings
Complete blood count
Coagulation tests
Biochemical markers
Inflammatory markers
Cardiac markers
Radiological findings
Chest radiographic examination
Computed tomography
Lung ultrasonography
Case definitions
Differential diagnosis
Viral persistence, convalescence, and recovery period
Precautionary guidelines set up by the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention regarding the testing process of COVID-19 ...
Use of personal protective equipment
Use of personal protective equipment for routine healthcare delivery during pandemic
Use of personal protective equipment when caring for suspected or confirmed COVID-19 patients
Respirator or facemask
Eye protection
Gloves
Gowns
Collecting, handling, and testing clinical specimens for COVID-19
Specimen type
Collecting and handling specimens safely
Handling bulk-packaged sterile swabs properly
Storage and shipping
COVID-19 laboratory biosafety
References
9 - The economic repercussions of Coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19)
World economy December 2019
Major conflicts
Political impact of COVID-19
China's economic response to COVID-19
What industry relied on Wuhan for trade globally
Governments' economic response to COVID-19
A recession caused by SARS-CoV-2
References
Further Reading
10 - Psychological and social implications of COVID-19
Introduction
Effect of quarantine and isolation on psychosocial well-being
Impact on healthcare providers and frontline workers—“heal the healers”
Impact on the society
Children
Old age
Domestic caregivers
Neglected community—migrants, daily wagers, slum dwellers, and inmate
General public
Home quarantine for “homeless”— self-contradictory
Impact on people with preexisting psychiatric condition
Role of social platforms and media
Role of government and political leaders
Conclusion
References
Index
A
B
C
D
E
F
G
H
I
J
K
L
M
N
P
Q
R
S
T
U
V
W
Z
Back Cover
