Coordination of Distributed Energy Resources in Microgrids: Optimisation, control, and hardware-in-the-loop validation provides a structured overview of research into techniques for managing microgrids with distributed energy resources (DERs). The DERs including distributed generators, energy storage systems, and flexible loads are posing both challenges and opportunities to microgrids' security, planning, operation, and control. Advanced operation and control techniques are needed to coordinate these components in the microgrids and maintain power quality, as well as keeping the system economically feasible.
This book is for researchers and students in the area of smart grids, power engineering, and control engineering, as well as for advanced students, transmission network and grid operators. It focuses on cutting-edge techniques for secure, economic, and robust operation and control of microgrids. Effective coordination of DERs on both temporal and spatial scales are introduced in detail. Topics covered include comprehensive mathematical models of DERs and microgrids, sizing and siting of DERs under uncertainties, stochastic and robust optimisation for active and reactive power dispatch of DERs in microgrids, distributed coordinated control, and hardware-in-the-loop tests for validation of control algorithms.
Author(s): Yan Xu, Yu Wang, Cuo Zhang, Zhengmao Li
Series: Energy Engineering
Publisher: The Institution of Engineering and Technology
Year: 2022
Language: English
Pages: 479
City: London
Contents
About the authors
Foreword
Preface
Part I: Distributed Energy Resources and Microgrids: Preliminaries
1. Distributed energy resources: introduction and classification
1.1 Background
1.2 Definition and classification
References
2. Microgrids: introduction and research problem descriptions
2.1 Definition
2.2 Microgrid architecture and classification
2.3 Planning of DER units in microgrid
2.4 Microgrid operation
2.5 Microgrid control
2.6 Microgrid stability
References
Part II: Coordinated Planning of DERs in Micogrids: Optimal Sizing and Siting
3. Composite sensitivity factor-based method for DG planning
Nomenclature
3.1 Introduction
3.2 Sensitivity factors
3.3 Power loss and voltage stability assessment indices
3.4 Composite sensitivity factor-based method
3.5 Case study
3.6 Conclusion
References
4. Probability-weighted robust optimisation method for DG planning
Nomenclature
4.1 Introduction
4.2 Mathematical formulation
4.3 Probability-weighted robust optimisation
4.4 Case study
4.5 Conclusion
References
5. Multi-stage stochastic programming method for multi-energy DG planning
Nomenclature
5.1 Introduction
5.2 MEMG modelling
5.3 Mathematical modelling for DG placement
5.4 Solution method
5.5 Test system set-up and case study
5.6 Simulation results and discussions
5.7 Conclusion
Appendix A
References
6. Stochastic planning of heterogeneous energy storage (HES) in residential MEMG
Nomenclature
6.1 Introduction
6.2 Modelling of the residential MEMG
6.3 Mathematic modelling for HES deployment
6.4 Solution method
6.5 Simulation results
6.6 Conclusion and future work
Appendix A
References
Part III: Coordinated Operation of DERs in Microgrids: Energy Management and Voltage Regulation
7. Hourly coordination of energy storage and direct load control
Nomenclature
7.1 Introduction
7.2 Two-stage coordination of ES operation and DLC
7.3 Mathematical formulation
7.4 Two-stage robust optimisation method
7.5 Case study
7.6 Conclusion
References
8. Daily coordination of microturbines and demand response
Nomenclature
8.1 Introduction
8.2 Two-stage coordination of day-ahead demand response and microturbine dispatch
8.3 Mathematical formulation
8.4 Two-stage robust optimisation method
8.5 Case study
8.6 Conclusion
References
9. Optimal dispatch of MEMGs
Nomenclature
9.1 Introduction
9.2 Multi-energy microgrid modelling
9.3 Coordinated optimal dispatch
9.4 Case studies
9.5 Conclusions
References
10. Temporally coordinated dispatch of MEMGs under diverse uncertainties
Nomenclature
10.1 Introduction
10.2 Multi-energy microgrid modelling
10.3 Proposed operation method
10.4 Mathematical formulation
10.5 Solution method
10.6 Simulation results
10.7 Conclusion and future work
References
11. Robustly optimal dispatch of MEMGs with flexible loads
Nomenclature
11.1 Introduction
11.2 Two-stage coordinated operation of multi-energy microgrid
11.3 Mathematical formulation
11.4 Two-stage robust optimisation method
11.5 Case study
11.6 Conclusion
References
12. Multi-timescale coordinated voltage/var control optimisation
12.1 Introduction
12.2 Multi-timescale coordinated voltage/var regulation
12.3 Mathematical formulation
12.4 Two-stage stochastic programming model
12.5 Simulation test results
12.6 Conclusions
References
13. Three-stage robust inverter-based voltage/var control optimisation
Nomenclature
13.1 Introduction
13.2 Three-stage robust inverter-based voltage/var control
13.3 Mathematical formulation
13.4 Two-stage robust optimisation method
13.5 Case study
13.6 Conclusion
References
Part IV: Coordinated real-time control of DERs: distributed controller design and hardware-in-the-loop tests
14. Power system frequency control by aggregated energy storage systems
14.1 Introduction
14.2 Proposed frequency control scheme
14.3 Proposed disturbance observer
14.4 Distributed finite-time control of ESA
14.5 Results and discussions
14.6 Conclusion
Appendix A
References
15. Power system frequency support by grid-interactive smart buildings
15.1 Introduction
15.2 System modelling
15.3 Proposed control framework for GISBs
15.4 Results and discussions
15.5 Conclusions
Appendix
References
16. Decentralised-distributed hybrid voltage control by inverter-based DERs
16.1 Introduction
16.2 Voltage control in distribution networks
16.3 Proposed hybrid voltage control
16.4 Simulation studies
16.5 Conclusion
References
17. Two-level distributed voltage/var control by aggregated PV inverters
17.1 Introduction
17.2 Proposed VVC architecture
17.3 Lower-level VVC
17.4 Upper-level VVC
17.5 Simulation results
17.6 Conclusion
Appendix A
References
18. Event-triggered control of DERs and controller hardware-in-the-loop validation
18.1 Introduction
18.2 Cyber-physical Microgrids
18.3 Distributed event-triggered secondary control
18.4 Controller hardware-in-the-loop implementation
18.5 Experimental test results
18.6 Conclusion
References
19. Three-level coordinated voltage control of DERs and power hardware-in-the-loop validation
19.1 Introduction
19.2 Preliminaries
19.3 Three-level coordinated voltage control
19.4 Stability analysis
19.5 Power hardware-in-the-loop experimental tests
19.6 Conclusion
References
Index
