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Cooperatives and Social Innovation: Experiences from the Asia Pacific Region

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This book discusses social innovations by cooperatives from the Asia and Pacific region. Social innovations emerge when the state and market in developing countries find it difficult to solve problems such as poverty, hunger, ill health, poor education systems, inadequate drinking water and poor sanitation. These countries also face barriers to economic growth such as climate change, poor governance, unequal opportunities and social exclusion. This volume therefore addresses the following questions. What are the distinctive features of social innovations by cooperatives? How social innovations bring in changes in the process and outcome of development? 

After presenting theories of social innovation and a critical review of cooperatives and social innovation, the book presents 15 chapters on social innovations by cooperatives in the Asia Pacific region. These social innovations are related to health insurance, community based tourism, disaster response, climate smart agriculture, use of social media for youth empowerment, training for the emergence of second-line leaders in cooperatives,  social inclusion through innovative finance, profitable marketing of organic produce to strengthen economic status of small farmers, digital auction and value addition for  income security of farmer members, collaboration between cooperative members and workers for the mutual benefit, worker cooperatives, women leadership and participation, building union-cooperative partnership in finance and  rating of cooperatives to promote transparency and accountability. A chapter on innovative services of cooperatives during the time of Covid19 is also included.

This volume will be quite significant for co-operators, researchers, teachers, practitioners and policy-makers at the global level. The theme is relevant for international development community and national cooperatives with concern for their communities, which is the seventh cooperative principle of International Cooperative Alliance and the Sustainable Development Goal of the UN.

Author(s): D. Rajasekhar, R. Manjula, T. Paranjothi
Publisher: Springer
Year: 2020

Language: English
Pages: 293
City: Singapore

Foreword
Preface
Contents
About the Editors
1 Cooperatives and Social Innovation: Experiences from the Asia Pacific Region
1.1 Introduction
1.2 What is Social Innovation?
1.3 Cooperatives and Social Innovation
1.4 Social Innovations in Cooperatives in the Asia Pacific Region
1.5 Towards a Conclusion
References
2 Concept and Theories of Social Innovation
2.1 Introduction
2.2 Social Innovation: Tracing the Evolution of the Concept
2.3 Research on Social Innovation
2.4 Theories of Social Innovation
2.5 Concept of Social innovation—An Evolutionary Perspective
2.6 Conclusions
References
3 Cooperatives and Social Innovation
3.1 Introduction
3.2 Cooperative as a Social Enterprise
3.3 Cooperatives and Social Innovation
3.4 The Asia Pacific Scenario
3.5 Conclusion
References
4 Health Insurance as Social Innovation for Farmers in Cooperatives: Lessons from Yeshasvini in Karnataka, India
4.1 Introduction
4.2 Awareness on Yeshasvini
4.2.1 Who Provided Awareness?
4.2.2 How Was the Information Provided?
4.2.3 How Were Households Motivated?
4.2.4 Level of Awareness
4.3 Enrolment
4.3.1 Membership Among Different Categories
4.3.2 Membership Among Household Members
4.4 Utilisation
4.4.1 Welfare Loss
4.5 Conclusions
References
5 Community-Based Tourism Through Cooperatives in Sabah, Malaysia
5.1 Introduction
5.1.1 Methodology
5.2 Literature Review
5.2.1 Community-Based Tourism (CBT) Through Cooperative Business Model
5.2.2 Success Factors of Cooperatives
5.3 Results and Discussion
5.3.1 The Background of the Tourism Cooperatives
5.3.2 The Growth in Downstream Tourism Activities
5.3.3 The Growth of Incomes
5.4 Factors Influencing Performance of Cooperatives
5.4.1 The Internal Factors
5.4.2 External Factors
5.5 Conclusion
References
6 Failed Market-Oriented Society and Working Co-ops’ Biodiesel-Based Food Systems After the Great East Japan Earthquake
6.1 Introduction
6.2 Biodiesel in the Tohoku Region
6.3 Fuel Shortages After the Great East Japan Earthquake and the Delivery of Relief Goods in the Iwate Prefecture
6.4 Biodiesel for the Delivery of Relief Goods
6.5 Difficulties with Biodiesel in a Disaster Situation
6.6 Discussion
6.7 Conclusion
References
7 Role of Cooperatives in Climate Smart Agriculture
7.1 Introduction
7.2 Objectives and Methodology
7.3 Profile of the Sample Villages
7.4 Perception of Climate Change
7.5 Adaptation Measures Undertaken by Farmers
7.6 Role of Cooperatives
7.7 Conclusions and Policy Implications
References
8 Social Media as an Effective Tool for Social Innovation in Indian Cooperatives
8.1 Introduction
8.2 Social Innovation and Social Media
8.3 Cooperatives in India: Spread and Social Innovation
8.4 Communication Strategies for Cooperatives and Social Media
8.5 Social Media for Social Innovation: Potentialities for Cooperatives
8.6 Conclusion
References
9 A Phenomenological Study of the Lived Experiences of PHCCI Summer Youth Program Tutees Turned Lab Coop Officers
9.1 Introduction
9.2 Methodology
9.3 Results
9.3.1 PHCCI Tutee-Friendly Summer GR.O.W.T.H Program
9.3.2 PHCCI Kiddy and Y.E.S Laboratory Cooperative
9.3.3 Lived Experiences
9.4 Discussion
9.5 Conclusions
References
10 Cooperative and Social Innovation in Finance—A Case Study of Mann Deshi Mahila Sahkari Bank
10.1 Introduction
10.2 Objectives and Research Methodology
10.3 Social Innovation
10.4 Mann Deshi Mahila Sahkari Bank and Its Social Orientation
10.4.1 Product Innovation by Mann Deshi Bank
10.4.2 Analysis of Product Cost of Mann Deshi Bank
10.4.3 Other Socially/Financially Viable Innovations by the Bank/Foundation
10.5 Impact Analysis of Innovative Weekly Market Cash Credit Product
10.6 Concluding Observations
References
11 Cooperative Sector Grading—A Social Innovation in Finance
11.1 Social Innovation
11.2 The Context—National Spot Exchange Limited (NSEL) and Present Arrangement of Rating
11.3 Cooperatives
11.4 Cooperative Grading in India
11.5 The Rating Methodology
11.5.1 Measurement of Key Rating Factors
11.5.2 The Key Rating Factors Explained
11.5.3 Benefits of Performance and Credit Rating
11.6 Discussion and Conclusion
References
12 Social Innovations in Organic Foods in Rainfed India: The Case of Dharani FaM Coop Ltd.
12.1 Social Innovation and Collective Experimentation
12.2 Evolution of Dharani
12.2.1 Anantapuram and Agrarian Crisis
12.2.2 The Genesis
12.3 Dharani FaM Coop—A Farmer-Owned Collective Enterprise
12.4 Social Innovations in Dharani’s Model
12.4.1 Organizational Model and Governance
12.4.2 Production Processes—Proper Guidance Through Extension Services
12.4.3 PGS Certification—A True Social Innovation
12.4.4 Pricing, Procurement and Patronage
12.4.5 Processing
12.4.6 Brand Building, Ethical Marketing and Supply Chain
12.4.7 Finance Models and Cash Flows
12.5 Social Innovation and Organic Foods: Some Lessons from the Dharani Cooperative
References
13 Social Innovative Enterprises: Ubiquitous Cooperatives in the State of Tamil Nadu, India
13.1 Introduction
13.1.1 Objectives of the Study
13.1.2 Methodology
13.2 Industrial Cooperative (INDCO) Tea Factories in Nilgiris District
13.2.1 Profile
13.2.2 Formation of INDCO Tea Factories
13.2.3 Performance, Objectives, Functions and Management of INDCOSERVE
13.2.4 The Main Areas of Business
13.2.5 New Product Launch—Ooty Tea
13.2.6 Achievements
13.2.7 Sustenance and Social Innovation of the Cooperative Tea Factories
13.3 Erode Agricultural Producers Cooperative Marketing Society Limited (EAPCMS), Tamil Nadu
13.3.1 Business Functioning of EAPCMS
13.3.2 Produce Pledge Loan
13.3.3 Linking of Credit with Marketing
13.3.4 Working Results
13.3.5 Social Innovation of the Cooperative
13.4 Members’ Opinion and Conclusions
References
14 The Commitment of Cooperative Workers to the Movement: The Case of Japanese Consumers Co-op
14.1 Introduction
14.2 Commitment of Cooperative Workers to the Merchandise Development
14.3 Why Were Japanese Consumer Cooperatives Able to Popularise Their Own Private Brands?
14.3.1 What is “CO-OP Mix Carrot”?
14.3.2 Role of Cooperative Workers in Product Development
14.3.3 Role of co-op Workers: Building Trust Relationship with Manufacturers
14.4 How to Enhance the co-op Workers’ Motivations?
14.4.1 “Chatting Party” and “Han” System
14.4.2 “Chatting Party” at F-coop
14.4.3 Interaction Between co-op Workers and Members Through Party Report
14.5 Conclusion
References
15 Worker Cooperatives: A Social Innovation to the Issue of Contractualization in the Philippines
15.1 Introduction
15.2 Theoretical Underpinnings of Worker Cooperatives
15.3 Analysis
15.3.1 Contextualization of Worker Cooperatives and Contractualization in the Philippines
15.3.2 Stakeholders’ Analysis
15.3.3 Benefits
15.3.4 Social Capital and Empowerment Through Participation
15.4 Conclusion and Recommendations
References
16 Creating Space for Women Leadership and Participation Through Innovative Strategies: A Case of Tribal women’s Dairy Cooperatives in Gujarat
16.1 Introduction
16.2 The History Behind the Women’s Cooperative Movement
16.2.1 Developing Women Dairy Cooperatives
16.3 Innovative Efforts to Bring Gender Equity
16.3.1 Generating Sensitivity and Conscious Efforts Towards Women Participation
16.3.2 Gender-Sensitive Policies
16.4 Innovative Strategies
16.5 Findings
16.6 Conclusion and Discussion
References
17 Democratizing Capital: Building Union Coop Partnerships Through Economically Targeted Investing and Crowdfunding Innovations
17.1 Workers’ Capital: Promising Tool of Social Innovation
17.2 Constraints on Workers’ Capital: Historic Policy Obstacles to Social Impact Investing in the USA
17.3 Putting Workers’ Capital to Work: The Rise of Socially Responsible Investing
17.4 The Equity Crowdfunding Revolution
17.4.1 Educate Workers About Crowdfunding
17.4.2 Certify Unionized Crowdfund Advisors
17.4.3 Establish a Union-Sponsored Crowdfund Portal
17.4.4 Provide Technical Assistance to Worker Cooperatives
17.5 Conclusion
References
18 Asia Pacific Cooperatives Responding to Covid-19 Crisis
18.1 Introduction
18.2 Crisis Response by Cooperatives
18.3 The Covid-19 Crisis
18.4 Response by Cooperatives in Asia Pacific Region
18.5 Case Examples
18.5.1 Indian Farmers Fertiliser Co-operative (IFFCO)
18.5.2 Uralungal Labour Contract Cooperative Society (ULCCS)
18.6 Analysis and Conclusion
References
19 Cooperatives and Social Innovation: Conclusions and the Way Forward
19.1 Introduction
19.2 Chapter-Wise Conclusions
19.3 Overall Conclusions
19.4 Further Research and Policy Advocacy
References