Forced convict labor provided the Portuguese with solutions to the growing criminal population at home and the lack of infrastructure in Angola and Mozambique. In Convict Labor in the Portuguese Empire, Timothy J. Coates examines the role of large numbers of convicts in Portuguese Africa from 1800 until 1932. This work examines the numbers, rationale, and realities of convict labor (largely) in Angola during this period, but Mozambique is a secondary area, as well as late colonial times in Brazil.
This is a unique, first study of an experiment in convict labor in Africa directed by a European power; it will be welcomed by scholars of Africa and New Imperialism, as well as those interested in law and labor.
Author(s): Timothy J. Coates
Series: European Expansion and Indigenous Response 13
Edition: e-book
Publisher: Koninklijke Brill NV
Year: 2013
Language: English
Pages: 232
City: Leiden / Boston
Contents
General Editor’s Preface
List of Maps, Plates, Illustrations, Charts, and Tables
Acknowledgements
Abbreviations and Glossary of Foreign Terms
Major Personalities
Introduction
1. Objectives
2. Secondary Literature
3. Related Aspects
4. Exile as Punishment
5. A Problem of Sources
6. Archival Materials
7. Fundamentals
Chapter One The Global Portuguese Penal System to circa 1830
1.1 Introduction and Conclusion
1.2 The Portuguese Use of Exile as Punishment
1.3 Jails
1.4 The Azores and Madeira
1.5 Public Works
Chapter Two Setting the Stage for Africa
2.1 Introduction and Conclusion
2.2 Brazil in Late Colonial Times
2.3 Penal Reform in Portugal
2.4 The Sociedade de Geografia de Lisboa (SGL)
2.5 Islands in a Portuguese Sea
Chapter Three Colonial Realities in an Empire without Brazil
3.1 Introduction and Conclusion
3.2 Nineteenth Century Angola
3.3 Earlier Efforts: Penal Colonies
3.4 A Few Words About the Parallel Prison in Mozambique
3.5 The Depósito Geral de Degredados in Luanda
3.6 Organization and Administration
3.7 Discipline and Punishment
3.8 A Question of Numbers: Angola and Mozambique
Chapter Four Crimes, Punishments, Ages, and Origins of Convicts
4.1 Introduction and Conclusion
4.2 Ages and Origins of Prisoners
4.3 Crimes and Punishments
4.4 Petty Recidivists (Addidos)
4.5 Political Prisoners (Deportados)
4.6 Vagrants (Vadios)
4.7 Military Deportees
4.8 Health
4.9 Diet
4.10 Uniforms
Chapter Five Work and Freedom
5.1 Introduction and Conclusion
5.2 Rehabilitation through Work
5.3 What Did They Do in the Colony?
5.4 Salaries and Deductions
5.5 Exiting the Depósito
5.6 The End of the Luanda Prison
Chapter Six Comparisons and Conclusions
6.1 Introduction
6.2 The British
6.3 The French
6.4 The Spanish
6.5 Secondary Punishment
6.6 Major Differences
6.7 Were the Depósitos Successes or Failures?
6.8 The End of Degredo as Punishment
6.9 A Question of Overall Numbers
6.10 Lingering Questions and Concluding Remarks
Appendices
Appendix One
Appendix Two
Appendix Three
Appendix Four
Appendix Five
Appendix Six
Appendix Seven
Bibliography
Index
