Convergence of Blockchain, AI and IoT: A Digital Platform

Cover
Half Title
Title Page
Copyright Page
Table of Contents
Preface
Author Biographies
Introduction
1 An Introduction to IoT Technologies
1.1 An Introduction to the Internet of Things in a Real-World Scenario
1.1.1 Smart Home
1.1.2 Smart Cities
1.1.3 Smart Agriculture
1.1.4 Smart Healthcare
1.1.5 Smart Grid
1.1.6 Smart Supply Chain
1.1.7 Social Events and the Entertainment Sector
1.2 A Divergence Approach From Automation Toward Artificial Intelligence
1.2.1 About Automation
1.2.2 Building Blocks of Artificial Intelligence
1.2.2.1 Knowledge Engineering
1.2.2.2 Robotics Automation
1.2.2.3 Speech Recognition
1.2.2.4 Natural Language Processing
1.2.2.5 Image Analysis
1.2.2.6 Machine Learning
1.2.2.7 Deep Learning
1.2.2.8 Cognition
1.3 An Evolution of Blockchain Mechanism Through Distributed Transaction
1.3.1 General Categories of Blockchain
1.3.1.1 Permissioned Blockchain
1.3.1.2 Permissionless Blockchain
1.3.2 Key Components of Blockchain Technology
1.3.2.1 Asymmetric Key Cryptography
1.3.2.2 Hash Function
1.3.2.3 Address
1.3.2.4 Transaction
1.3.2.5 Ledger
1.3.2.6 Block
References
2 Basic Fundamentals of the Internet of Things, Artificial Intelligence and Blockchain
2.1 Basic Framework and Architecture of the Internet of Things
2.1.1 Basic Components of the IoT System
2.1.1.1 Identification
2.1.1.2 Sensing
2.1.1.3 Communication
2.1.1.4 Computation
2.1.1.5 Services
2.1.1.6 Semantics
2.1.2 IoT—Layered Architecture
2.1.2.1 Perception/Object Layer
2.1.2.2 Object Abstraction Layer
2.1.2.3 Middleware/Service Management Layer
2.1.2.4 Application Layer
2.1.2.5 Business/Management Layer
2.2 Understanding the Basic Concepts of Artificial Intelligence
2.2.1 Introduction to AI
2.2.2 Approaches to AI
2.2.3 AI Problems
2.2.4 Types of Artificial Intelligence
2.2.5 Limitations of Artificial Intelligence
2.3 Layered Architecture of Blockchain Technology
2.3.1 Data Layer
2.3.2 Network Layer
2.3.3 Consensus Layer
2.3.4 Incentive Layer
2.3.5 Contract Layer
2.3.6 Application Layer
References
3 Artificial Intelligence Enabling IoT Optimization
3.1 Implementation of Edge Mechanism Through Artificial Intelligence
3.2 Anomaly Detection of Trained Sensor Data Using the SVM and PCA Mechanism
3.2.1 Principal Component Analysis
3.2.2 The Use of PCA for Anomaly Detection
3.2.3 Oversampling PCA for Anomaly Detection
3.2.4 The Power Method for OsPCA
3.2.5 Least Squares Approximation and Online Updating for OsPCA
3.2.6 Online Anomaly Detection for a Practical Scenario
3.2.6.1 Filtration
3.2.6.2 Clustering
3.2.6.3 Anomaly Detection
3.3 Resilience and Reliability in the IoT Through an Intelligence Scheme
3.3.1 Network Security Situation Awareness (NSSA)
References
4 Transformation of Artificial Intelligence Toward Blockchain
4.1 Node Application
4.2 Shared Ledger
4.3 Consensus Algorithm
4.4 Virtual Machine
4.5 Core Components of Blockchain Architecture
4.6 Ledger Management
4.7 Strategical Implication of Swarm Intelligence With Blockchain
4.8 Artificial Intelligence-Based Supernode Selection Algorithm
4.9 Deep Brain—Blockchain Mechanism for Next-Generation Innovation
References
5 Disruptive Technological Aspect of the IoT Toward Blockchain
5.1 Introduction
5.2 Components of Smart Devices
5.2.1 System On Chip
5.2.2 Battery
5.2.3 Global Positioning System (GPS)
5.2.4 Storage
5.3 Disruptive Technology
5.3.1 Evolution of Disruptive Technology
5.3.2 Types of Disruptive Technology
5.3.2.1 Cloud Computing
5.3.2.2 Internet of Things
5.3.2.3 Blockchain
5.3.2.4 Virtual/Augmented Reality
5.3.2.5 Artificial Intelligence (AI)
5.3.2.6 3D Printing
5.3.2.7 Autonomous Vehicles
5.3.2.8 Renewable Energy
5.4 Cryptography Algorithms for Securing IoT Devices Through Blockchain
5.4.1 Cryptography
5.4.1.1 Benefits of Cryptography
5.4.1.2 Significance of IoT Data Security
5.4.1.3 Types of Cryptography
5.4.1.4 Symmetric Encryption
5.4.1.5 Asymmetric Encryption
5.4.1.6 Hash Functions
5.4.1.7 Blockchain-Integrated IoT System
5.4.1.8 Components of Blockchain
5.4.1.9 Types of Blockchain
5.4.1.10 Blockchain Integration in the IoT
5.4.1.11 Cloud Models
5.4.1.12 Advantages of Blockchain in the IoT
5.4.2 Cryptographic Algorithm Through Blockchain
5.4.2.1 IoT Security Attacks
5.5 Augmented Reality in Transactions With Blockchain Protection
5.5.1 Augmented Reality
5.5.2 Components of Augmented Reality Architecture
5.5.2.1 Virtual Location
5.5.2.2 Real Location
5.5.2.3 Hardware Requirements
5.5.2.4 Display
5.5.2.5 Classification of Augmented Reality Tools
5.5.2.6 Ways to Create Augmented Reality Applications
5.5.2.7 Marker Based
5.5.2.8 Markerless Based
5.5.2.9 Location Based
5.5.2.10 Challenges in Augmented Reality
5.5.2.11 Hardware Implementation
5.5.2.12 Content Availability
5.5.2.13 Awareness About the Technology
5.5.2.14 Privacy and Security
5.5.2.15 Physical Harm
5.5.2.16 Applications of Augmented Reality
References
6 Future Enhancements and Application of the IoT, AI and Blockchain
6.1 Implementing Blockchain, AI and IoT in Smart Cities
6.1.1 Smart City
6.1.2 Objectives of a Smart City
6.1.3 Architecture of a Smart City
6.1.4 Challenges in a Smart City
6.1.5 Smart City Components
6.1.6 Blockchain Integration With Smart Cities
6.1.6.1 Smart Health
6.1.6.2 Smart Security
6.1.6.3 Smart Energy
6.1.6.4 Smart Environment
6.1.6.5 Smart Industries
6.1.6.6 Smart Transport
6.1.6.7 Blockchain Transaction Flow
6.1.6.8 Characteristics of Blockchain in Smart City
6.1.6.9 Benefits of a Smart City With Blockchain
6.1.6.10 Challenges in Blockchain
6.1.6.11 Challenges of Secured IoT
6.1.6.12 Centralized Architecture
6.1.6.13 IoT Environment
6.1.6.14 Scalability
6.1.6.15 Storage Space
6.1.6.16 Processing Time
6.1.6.17 Devices Reliability
6.1.6.18 Artificial Intelligence
6.1.6.19 Knowledge-Based System (KBS)
6.1.7 Computational Intelligence (CI)
6.1.8 Fuzzy System
6.1.9 Genetic Algorithm
6.1.10 Neural Network
6.1.11 Artificial Neural Networks
6.1.12 AI and the IoT in a Smart City
6.1.13 Big Data in the IoT
6.1.14 Security Using AI
6.1.15 Application of AI in Smart Cities
6.1.16 Smart Public Transportation System
6.1.17 Benefits
6.1.18 Intelligent Traffic Management and Control System
6.1.19 Safety Management and Emergency System
6.1.20 Smart Waste Management
6.1.21 Smart Parking Management
6.2 Improving Clinical Diagnosis With Smart IoT Devices Using an AI Mechanism
6.2.1 Smart IoT
6.2.2 Types of Biomedical IoT Sensors for Diagnosis
6.2.3 The IoT and Biomedical Instrumentation
6.2.4 Variations of Biomedical Data
6.2.4.1 Biomedical Image Data
6.2.4.2 Biomedical Signal Data
6.2.4.3 Biomedical Genome Data
6.2.5 Classification of Biomedical Instruments
6.2.5.1 Direct/Indirect
6.2.5.2 Invasive/Noninvasive
6.2.5.3 Contact/Remote
6.2.5.4 Sense/Actuate
6.2.5.5 Dynamic/Static
6.2.6 Integration of AI With the IoT
6.2.7 Healthcare Challenges in Integrating AI and the IoT
6.2.8 Medical Diagnostic Lifecycle
6.2.8.1 Patient Data Collection
6.2.8.2 Data Analysis
6.2.8.3 Disease Categorization
6.2.8.4 Diagnostic Scheduling
6.2.8.5 Storing Data for Future Reference
6.2.9 AI in IoT Healthcare
6.2.10 Wearable Devices
6.2.11 Imaging
6.2.12 Drug Detection
6.2.13 Genomics
6.2.14 Virtual Assistant
6.2.15 Hospital Decision Support
6.2.16 Remote Monitoring
6.2.17 Patient Waiting Time Reduction
6.3 Technological Innovation Through Distributed Ledger Mechanism
6.3.1 What Is Technological Innovation
6.3.2 Technological Innovation and Business Model
6.3.3 Technological Innovation for the Economy
6.3.4 Distributed Ledger Mechanism
6.3.5 Technological Innovation Through a Distributed Ledger
6.4 Secure Digital Currency Mechanism Using Bitcoin
6.4.1 What Is Cryptocurrency
6.4.2 Double Spending Problem
6.4.3 Bitcoin
6.4.4 Bitcoin Mining
6.4.5 Mining Pools
6.4.6 Blockchain Process
6.4.7 Consensus Algorithms
6.4.8 Types of Consensus Algorithms
6.4.9 Proof of Work
6.4.10 Proof of Stake
6.4.11 Difference Between Proof of Work (PoW) and Proof of Stake (PoS)
6.4.12 Delegated Proof of Stake
6.4.13 Byzantine Fault Tolerance (BLT)
References
7 Revolution of the Digital World By Strategic Technology Trends
7.1 Use of Case Studies and Technical Hurdles in AI, the IoT and Blockchain for a New Revolution
7.1.1 Artificial Intelligence in Agriculture
7.1.2 Artificial Intelligence in Healthcare
7.1.3 Artificial Intelligence in Finance and Banking
7.1.4 Hurdles in Artificial Intelligence
7.1.5 Internet of Things (IoT)
7.1.6 Healthcare Using the IoT
7.1.7 Agriculture Using the IoT
7.1.8 IoT in Smart Cities
7.1.9 Challenges With the IoT
7.1.10 Security
7.1.11 Integration
7.1.12 Lack of Experience and Expertise
7.1.13 Blockchain: Adding Value to a Business Process
7.1.14 Retail Chain Industry
7.1.15 Blockchain in the Retail Industry
7.1.16 Supply Chain Management
7.1.17 Blockchain for Supply Chain Management
7.1.18 Blockchain in Food Supply Chain Management
7.1.19 Pharmaceuticals Supply Chain
7.1.20 Blockchain in the Business Travel Industry
7.1.21 Blockchain in the Hospitality Business
7.1.22 Challenges With Implementing Blockchain
7.2 Revolutionary Impact of Spectrum Computing, Brain Wave Mechanism and Smart Contract in the Digital World
7.2.1 Spectrum Computing in the Digital World
7.2.2 Brain Wave Mechanism in the Digital World
7.2.3 Smart Contract in the Digital World
References
8 Conclusion
Index