Contemporary Issues on Governance, Conflict and Security in Africa

Preface
Motivation and Objectives
Reality of Conflict and Governance-Gap in Africa
The Problematic
Contents
1 Africa and the Scourge of Conflict and Insecurity
Introduction
Contending Themes on Conflict and Insecurity in Africa
Youth, Dissent and Protest Action in Africa
The Security, Governance and Development Nexus
Military Coups and Terrorism in Africa
Security Reform, Border Disputes and the Post-Colonial State
Women’s Peace and Security in Africa
Climate Change, Conflict and Security in Africa
Conclusion
References
2 African Conflict and the “Post-colonial” State
Introduction
It Is Not an Excuse, but a Genuine Claim
A Brief Overview of the African Predicament
The Colonial Architectural Design of an African “Modern” State
An Ideal Conception of a Post-Colonial State
The “Post-Colonial” State
Conclusion
References
3 Climate Change and Emerging Conflict Between Herders and Farmers in Nasarawa and Plateau States, Nigeria
Introduction
The Nexus Between Climate Change, Forced Movement and Conflict
Climate Change vis-à-vis the Farmer/herders Conflict in the Nasarawa and Plateau States of North-Central Nigeria
The Impacts of Climate Change and the Farmer-Herders Conflict on Troubled Communities and States
Conclusion and Recommendations
References
4 Grassroots Conflict Over Ecosystem Services Provided by the Inner Niger Delta: The Case of Mali
Introduction
Climate Change, Peace and Security in Mali
Overview of the Inner Niger Delta
Drivers of Conflict and Insecurity in the Inner Niger Delta
Unsustainable Living Conditions
Erratic Migration Patterns
Corruption
Armed Actors
Concluding Remarks
References
5 Conflict, Police Impunity and the Governance Question in Nigeria: Reflecting on the #EndSARS Protest
Introduction
The State and Security
Policing and Violent Conflict: A Conceptual Exploration
The Historical Trajectory of Nigerian Policing
Police Corruption in Nigeria
From Civility to Impunity: The Nigeria Police Force’s Scorecard
SARS, Brutality and the Crime Prevention Philosophy in Nigeria
#EndSARS: The Governance Crisis in Nigeria
The SARS as an Albatross: Corruption in Law Enforcement
Conclusion
References
6 Trapped in the Ivory Tower: Using Social Movement Theory to Analyse a ‘Movement in Distress’
Introduction
A Campus-Based Movement
Repression and Decline
Using Social Movement Theory to Analyse FMF and ‘Post-FMF’
Resource Mobilisation Theory
Political Process Models
Entrapment and ‘Post-FMF’
Conclusion
References
7 Terrorism in Sub-Sahara Africa: Assessing its Economic and Social Implications
Introduction
Conceptual View of Terrorism
Reasons for Terrorism in Nigeria and Mozambique
Economic and Social Impact
Social and Economic Implications of Boko Haram/ISWAP’s Activities
Social and Economic Implications of the ASWJ’s Activities
Conclusion and Recommendations
References
8 Violent Conflict in the Sahel: Causes, Dynamics, and Actors
Introduction
The Sahel: An Overview
Root Causes of Conflict and Insecurity
The Sahel: Regionalisation of Conflict
The Roles of International Actors
Humanitarian Crisis in the Sahel
Conflict: The Roles of Regional Organisation
Conclusion
References
9 The Resurgence of Military Coups in Africa: The Case of West Africa and the Sahel
Introduction
Military Coups in Africa
West Africa and Sahel Military Interventions
A Resurgence of Military Coups?
Conclusion
References
10 Media and Election Disputes in Nigeria
Introduction
The Nature of the Nigerian Media
Media Engagement with the Electoral Process in Nigeria
Media Engagement with the Electoral Process and Electoral Disputes in Nigeria
Conclusion
References
11 Governance, Security and Development Nexus in Galkayo, Somalia: A New Approach to Explaining Somalia’s Chronic Instability
Introduction
Why Galkayo Matters
Insecurity
Governance Deficiencies
Economic Underdevelopment
The Governance, Security and Development Nexus in Galkayo
Conclusion
References
12 Ceasefire Arrangements as a Pre-condition for Independence in Southern Africa: Implications for Land Conflicts in Zimbabwe and South Africa
Introduction
Contextualising the Cold War’s Impact on African Affairs
Independence Without Independence: A Decolonial Reflection
How Did Ceasefire Arrangements Compromise People-Centred Land Reform?
Compromised Independence, Land Politics and the Dilemma of Land Reform
Neoliberalism, Markets and the Land Question
The Curse of Ceasefire Arrangements and Struggling Land Reform
The Impact of Land Issues on Society, the Economy and the State
Conclusion
References
13 The Security Sector in Zimbabwe’s Diamond Governance (2006–2015)
Introduction
Background and Context
The Security Sector in Marange
Conclusion
References
14 Ethnic Federalism, Exclusionary Self-Determination Rights and Conflict in Ethiopia: Consociational Democracy as an Alternative Approach to Peace and Security
Introduction
Exclusion of ‘Non-Titular’ Ethnic Communities and Conflict at the Local Level
Fostering Peace and Security
Concluding Remarks
References
15 Somaliland’s Plural Justice System and Its Influence on Peacebuilding and Development
Background
The Dynamics and Narratives of Plural Justice Systems in Post-conflict Contexts
Somaliland’s Plural Justice Orders in Practice
Resolving Resource-Based Disputes
Conclusion
References
16 Exploring the Impact of Women’s Organisations in Peacebuilding in South Sudan: Post-independence Progress
Introduction
Conflict in South Sudan: Background and Context
Theorising Women’s Organisation and Peacebuilding
Justification for South Sudanese Women’s Participation in Peace Processes
Women and Peacebuilding Post-independence, Prior to 2013
The Post-conflict Status of Women in South Sudan
The Socio-Cultural Status of Women in South Sudan
Women’s Literacy Status in South Sudan
A Needs Assessment of Women in South Sudan
Women’s Organisations in Peace Empowerment
Government’s Response to Women Organisations
Women’s Organisations and Peacebuilding in South Sudan Since 2013
Conclusion
References
17 Gender-Based Violence in South Africa: The Second Pandemic?
Introduction
Defining GBV
Causes of GBV
The Masculinities Approach and Social Norms Theory
Historicising GBV in South Africa
Apartheid South Africa
Post-Apartheid South Africa
Roles of Non-State Actors: Activist Groups
The Role of the Media in Publicising GBV
GBV as a Human Rights Violation
Conclusion
References
18 A Reflection on Gender-Based Violence in Nigeria
Introduction
GBV: Concept, Nature and Scope
Theoretical Framework
The Reality of GBV in Nigeria
GBV as a Human Rights Violation
Legal Frameworks on GBV
GBV and Legal Constraints in Nigeria
Lessons from South Africa
Conclusion
References
19 Food Security as a New Frontier of War: A Geo-Historical Perspective of Food Security and Armed Conflict in Sub-Saharan Africa
Introduction
Understanding Food Security
Food Security and the Question of Power
Violent Conflict as a Source of Hunger: The Case of Ethiopia
Hunger as a Source of Violent Conflict: The Case of the Sahel Region
The Urban Food Security Crisis and Social Instability in South Africa
Conclusion
References
20 IGAD and the Quest for Economic and Security Regionalism
Introduction
IGADD’s Formation
Revitalisation of IGADD
Actors, Factors and Incentives in IGAD’s Transformation
The Post-Cold War International Security Order
The United States’ Post-Cold War Security Strategy in the Horn of Africa
The Ethiopian-Eritrean Alliance
Challenges and Issues Confronting IGAD’s Regional Integration Initiatives
Multi-Membership of RECs
Financial Dependence
Ethiopia’s Power Game
Lack of a Regional Hegemon
IGAD’s Role in Regional Security and Economic Integration: A New Agenda
Conclusion
References
Index