This book presents results of the combined use of microwave remote sensing, optical tools, and ecoinformatics methods under solution-applied tasks at both regional and global scales. Ecoinformatics methods are used to assess links between global climate change and the level of ocean pollution, with specific focus on the Arctic Ocean, the Sea of Okhotsk, and the South-China Sea. The theoretical and applied aspects of instrumental tools are considered in this book as a basis for the monitoring of water quality in various watersheds, with particular attention to microwave remote sensing monitoring data to determine the ecotoxicological status of hydro-ecosystems affected by climate change. The book develops new information technologies that provide solutions for hydrochemical tasks using algorithms and models based on computer technologies for big data processing. This will help to synthesize effective computer-based systems for the solution of problems arising due to anthropogenic impacts on hydrological processes and objects at various spatial scales. This book is intended for specialists in the fields of environmental monitoring, climate change, human-nature interactions, and geopolitics. The book will be useful for undergraduate and postgraduate students studying these fields of science as well.
Author(s): Costas A. Varotsos, Vladimir F. Krapivin, Ferdenant A. Mkrtchyan, Yong Xue
Publisher: Springer
Year: 2023
Language: English
Pages: 530
City: Cham
Preface
References
Summary
Abbreviations and Acronyms
Contents
Chapter 1: Global Problems of Ecodynamics and Hydrogeochemistry
1.1 Introduction
1.2 Advances in Information-Modeling Technology for Water Quality Monitoring
1.3 Adverse Effects on the Survivability of the Earth´s Population
1.3.1 Natural Disasters and the Survivability of Ecological Systems
1.3.2 A Biosphere Survivability Model
1.4 Sustainable Development and Quality of Water Resources
1.4.1 Introduction
1.4.2 Forming the Concept for Sustainable Development
1.4.3 Sustainable Development and Public Health
1.4.4 Global Change: Priorities
1.5 Effects of Natural and Anthropogenic Environmental Changes
1.5.1 Global Ecodynamics Theory
1.5.2 The Current State of Global Ecosystems
1.6 Information-Modeling Technology and Decision-Making Systems
1.7 Hydrogeochemistry and Water Quality Assessment Tools
1.8 Demography and Water Resources
1.8.1 Global Demography Aspects
1.8.2 Matrix Model of Population Size Dynamics
1.8.3 Differential Model of Population Dynamics
1.8.4 Megapolitan Zones
1.8.5 Global and Regional Water Resources
1.9 A New Big Data Approach Based on the Geoecological Information-Modeling System
1.9.1 Big Data Problems
1.9.2 Big Data Approach and Global Sustainable Development Problems
1.9.3 GIMS as an Improvement of Big Data Approach
1.9.4 Global Big Data Processing
Chapter 2: Global Water Balance and Pollution of Water Reservoirs
2.1 Global Water Balance and Sustainable Development
2.2 Hydrogeochemistry and Pollution Effects
2.3 Monitoring and Management of Water Quality
2.3.1 The Problems of Sustainable Water Resources
2.3.2 Monitoring and Management Tools
2.3.3 Hydrochemical Monitoring and Management System
2.4 Pollution of the Oceans and Seas
2.5 Modeling of Global and Regional Water Cycles
2.5.1 The Water Flows in the World Ocean
2.5.2 Numerical Model of the Global Water Balance
2.5.3 The Regional Water Budget Model
2.6 Drinking-Water Quality and Standards
2.7 Sources of Water Pollution and Risk to Human Health
Chapter 3: Remote Sensing Technologies and Water Resources Monitoring
3.1 Introduction
3.2 Contamination of Soil and Aquatic Environment
3.3 Methods of Microwave Radiometry
3.4 Instrumental Tools for Microwave Monitoring
3.5 Microwave Airborne Platforms
3.6 Microwave Monitoring of Soil-Plant Formations
3.7 Measurement System to Retrieve the Attenuation of Microwaves in Vegetation
3.8 Microwave Model of Vegetation Cover
3.9 Microwave Irradiation of the Snow Cover
3.10 Passive Microwave Methods and Modeling Tools
Chapter 4: Optical Tools for Water Quality Monitoring
4.1 Introduction
4.2 Photometry and Ellipsometry Methods
4.3 Optical Sensors for Water Quality Monitoring
4.4 Algorithms for Solving Inverse Optical Metrology Tasks
4.5 Multi-functional Adaptive Information-Modeling System
Chapter 5: Arctic Basin Pollution
5.1 Introduction
5.2 High-Latitude Environmental Science
5.3 Arctic Basin Pollution Problems
5.3.1 General Analysis of the Problem
5.3.2 The Atmospheric Transport of Pollutants to the Arctic
5.4 Innovative Approach to Solving the Arctic Pollution Problem
5.4.1 Geoecological Information-Modeling System
5.4.2 Modeling the Pollutant Dynamics in the Arctic Basin
5.4.3 Simulation Experiments
5.5 Biocomplexity as an Indicator of the Arctic Water Reservoir State
5.5.1 Defnition of Biocomplexity Indicator
5.5.2 The BSS Biocomplexity Model
5.5.3 Conclusions and Discussion
Chapter 6: Investigation of Regional Aquatic Systems
6.1 Introduction
6.2 Monitoring of Water Reservoirs in South Vietnam
6.2.1 Introduction
6.2.2 The GIMS Structure and Functions Adopted in the Nuoc Ngot Lagoon
6.2.3 Simulation Experiments
6.3 Lake Sevan Water Quality Diagnostics Using Optical Instrumental Tools
6.3.1 Introduction
6.3.2 Method
6.3.3 Algorithms
6.3.4 Results and Discussion
6.3.5 Concluding Remarks
6.4 Water Balance Model of the Turan Lowland in Central Asia
6.4.1 Introduction
6.4.2 Material and Methods
6.4.3 Simulation of Aral Sea Water Balance Modeling
6.4.4 Simulation Results and Discussion
6.4.5 Conclusions and Outlook
6.5 Microwave Monitoring of Soil Water Content
6.5.1 Uncertainty and Risk Sources in Remote Sensing
6.5.2 Practical Microwave Radiometric Risk Assessment of Agricultural Operation
6.5.3 Geoinformation Monitoring System of Agricultural Operation
6.5.4 The State of Soils and Water Objects Evaluated by Means of Radiometric Methods
6.6 Geoecological Information-Modeling System for the Monitoring of the Azov Sea
6.7 Monitoring of Sea Zones with Oil Pollution
6.7.1 Sea Zones of Oil and Gas Extraction
6.7.2 Ecological Monitoring of the Sea Surface of the Oil and Gas Extraction Zones
6.7.3 Estimation of the Oil Hydrocarbon Pollution Parameters
6.7.4 Expert System for Detecting Pollutant Spills on the Water Surface
6.8 Diagnostics of the Angara/Yenisey River System
6.8.1 Angara/Yenisey River as Hydrochemical System
6.8.2 Angara/Yenisey River Simulation Model
6.8.3 Results of Simulation Experiments and In Situ Measurements
6.8.4 Assessments and Recommendations
Chapter 7: Global Climate Change and Hydrogeochemistry
7.1 Interaction Between Globalization Processes and Biogeochemical Cycles
7.1.1 The Interplay Between Nature, Society, and Climate
7.1.2 Global Climate Diagnostics
7.1.3 Some Aspects of Climate Data Reliability
7.2 Global Water Balance and Sustainable Development
7.3 Global Climate Change Problems
7.3.1 Introduction
7.3.2 Abnormal Situations and Climate
7.3.3 Impact of Natural Disasters on Habitats
7.3.4 Evolution of the Biosphere and Natural Disasters
7.4 Use of Information-Modeling Tools for Tropical Cyclogenesis
7.4.1 Introduction
7.4.2 Definition of Instability Indicator
7.4.3 Search and Trace the Origin of the Tropical Cyclone
7.4.4 Calculation Results and Discussion
7.5 Coupled Model of Global Carbon Dioxide and Methane Cycles
7.5.1 Introduction
7.5.2 Conceptual Scheme of Global Carbon Dioxide and Methane Cycles
7.5.3 Simulation Results
7.5.4 Conclusions and Discussion of Results
References
Index
