Computing Essentials 2019

Cover
Title
Copyright
Brief Contents
Contents
1 INFORMATION TECHNOLOGY, THE INTERNET, AND YOU
Introduction
Information Systems
People
Software
System Software
Application Software
Making IT work for you: Free Antivirus Program
Hardware
Types of Computers
Personal Computer Hardware
Data
Connectivity and the Mobile Internet
Careers in IT
A Look to the Future: Using and Understanding Information Technology
Visual Summary
Key Terms
Multiple Choice
Matching
Open-Ended
Discussion
2 THE INTERNET, THE WEB, AND ELECTRONIC COMMERCE
Introduction
The Internet and the Web
Making IT work for you: Online Entertainment
Internet Access
Providers
Browsers
Web Utilities
Filters
File Transfer Utilities
Internet Security Suites
Communication
Social Networking
Blogs, Microblogs, Webcasts, Podcasts, and Wikis
E-mail
Messaging
Search Tools
Search Engines
Specialized Search Engines
Content Evaluation
Electronic Commerce
Security
Cloud Computing
The Internet of Things
Careers in IT
A Look to the Future: Let the Computer Take the Wheel
Visual Summary
Key Terms
Multiple Choice
Matching
Open-Ended
Discussion
3 APPLICATION SOFTWARE
Introduction
Application Software
User Interface
Common Features
General-Purpose Applications
Word Processors
Spreadsheets
Presentation Software
Database Management Systems
Specialized Applications
Graphics
Video Game Design Software
Web Authoring Programs
Other Specialized Applications
Pointing Devices
Mouse
Touch Screen
Game Controllers
Stylus
Mobile Apps
Apps
App Stores
Software Suites
Office Suites
Cloud Computing
Specialized and Utility Suites
Careers in IT
Making IT work for you: Working Together Online
A Look to the Future: VR and AR Applications in the Workplace
Visual Summary
Key Terms
Multiple Choice
Matching
Open-Ended
Discussion
4 SYSTEM SOFTWARE
Introduction
System Software
Operating Systems
Functions
Features
Categories
Mobile Operating Systems
Desktop Operating Systems
Windows
macOS
UNIX and Linux
Virtualization
Utilities
Making IT work for you: Virtual Assistant
Windows Utilities
Utility Suites
Careers in IT
A Look to the Future: Making Better Computers by Making Them More Human
Visual Summary
Key Terms
Multiple Choice
Matching
Open-Ended
Discussion
5 THE SYSTEM UNIT
Introduction
System Unit
Desktops
Laptops
Tablets
Making IT work for you: Gaming
Smartphones
Wearable Computers
Components
System Board
Microprocessor
Microprocessor Chips
Specialty Processors
Memory
RAM
ROM
Flash Memory
Expansion Slots and Cards
Bus Lines
Expansion Buses
Ports
Standard Ports
Specialized Ports
Cables
Power Supply
Electronic Data and Instructions
Numeric Representation
Character Encoding
Careers in IT
A Look to the Future: Brain–Computer Interfaces
Visual Summary
Key Terms
Multiple Choice
Matching
Open-Ended
Discussion
6 INPUT AND OUTPUT
Introduction
What Is Input?
Keyboard Entry
Keyboards
Pointing Devices
Mouse
Touch Screen
Game Controllers
Stylus
Scanning Devices
Optical Scanners
Card Readers
Bar Code Readers
RFID Readers
Character and Mark Recognition Devices
Image Capturing Devices
Digital Cameras
Webcams
Audio-Input Devices
Voice Recognition Systems
What Is Output?
Monitors
Features
Flat-Panel Monitors
E-book Readers
Other Monitors
Printers
Features
Inkjet Printers
Laser Printers
3D Printers
Other Printers
Audio-Output Devices
Combination Input and Output Devices
Headsets
Multifunctional Devices
Virtual Reality Head-Mounted Displays and Controllers
Drones
Making IT work for you: Head-Mounted Displays
Robots
Ergonomics
Portable Computers
Careers in IT
A Look to the Future: The Internet of Things
Visual Summary
Key Terms
Multiple Choice
Matching
Open-Ended
Discussion
7 SECONDARY STORAGE
Introduction
Storage
Hard Disks
Internal Hard Disk
External Hard Drives
Performance Enhancements
Solid-State Storage
Solid-State Drives
Flash Memory Cards
USB Drives
Optical Discs
Cloud Storage
Making IT work for you: Cloud Storage
Mass Storage Devices
Enterprise Storage System
Storage Area Network
Careers in IT
A Look to the Future: Next-Generation Storage
Visual Summary
Key Terms
Multiple Choice
Matching
Open-Ended
Discussion
8 COMMUNICATIONS AND NETWORKS
Introduction
Communications
Connectivity
The Wireless Revolution
Communication Systems
Communication Channels
Physical Connections
Wireless Connections
Connection Devices
Modems
Connection Service
Making IT work for you: The Mobile Office
Data Transmission
Bandwidth
Protocols
Networks
Terms
Network Types
Local Area Networks
Home Networks
Wireless LAN
Personal Area Network
Metropolitan Area Networks
Wide Area Networks
Network Architecture
Topologies
Strategies
Organizational Networks
Internet Technologies
Network Security
Careers in IT
A Look to the Future: Telepresence Lets You Be There without Actually Being There Visual
Visual Summary
Key Terms
Multiple Choice
Matching
Open-Ended
Discussion
9 PRIVACY, SECURITY, AND ETHICS
Introduction
People
Privacy
Large Databases
Private Networks
The Internet and the Web
Online Identity
Major Laws on Privacy
Security
Cybercrime
Social Engineering
Malicious Software
Malicious Hardware
Measures to Protect Computer Security
Ethics
Copyright and Digital Rights Management
Making IT work for you: Security and Technology
Cyberbullying
Plagiarism
Careers in IT
A Look to the Future: End of Anonymity
Visual Summary
Key Terms
Multiple Choice
Matching
Open-Ended
Discussion
10 INFORMATION SYSTEMS
Introduction
Organizational Information Flow
Functions
Management Levels
Information Flow
Computer-Based Information Systems
Transaction Processing Systems
Management Information Systems
Decision Support Systems
Executive Support Systems
Other Information Systems
Expert Systems
Careers in IT
A Look to the Future: IBM's Watson: The Ultimate Information-Finding Machine
Visual Summary
Key Terms
Multiple Choice
Matching
Open-Ended
Discussion
11 DATABASES
Introduction
Data
Data Organization
Key Field
Batch versus Real-Time Processing
Databases
Need for Databases
Database Management
DBMS Structure
Hierarchical Database
Network Database
Relational Database
Multidimensional Database
Object-Oriented Database
Types of Databases
Individual
Company
Distributed
Commercial
Database Uses and Issues
Strategic Uses
Security
Careers in IT
A Look to the Future: The Future of Crime Databases
Visual Summary
Key Terms
Multiple Choice
Matching
Open-Ended
Discussion
12 SYSTEMS ANALYSIS AND DESIGN
Introduction
Systems Analysis and Design
Phase 1: Preliminary Investigation
Defining the Problem
Suggesting Alternative Systems
Preparing a Short Report
Phase 2: Systems Analysis
Gathering Data
Analyzing the Data
Documenting Systems Analysis
Phase 3: Systems Design
Designing Alternative Systems
Selecting the Best System
Writing the Systems Design Report
Phase 4: Systems Development
Acquiring Software
Acquiring Hardware
Testing the New System
Phase 5: Systems Implementation
Types of Conversion
Training
Phase 6: Systems Maintenance
Prototyping and Rapid Applications Development
Prototyping
Rapid Applications Development
Careers in IT
A Look to the Future: The Challenge of Keeping Pace
Visual Summary
Key Terms
Multiple Choice
Matching
Open-Ended
Discussion
13 PROGRAMMING AND LANGUAGES
Introduction
Programs and Programming
What Is a Program?
What Is Programming?
Step 1: Program Specification
Program Objectives
Desired Output
Input Data
Processing Requirements
Program Specifications Document
Step 2: Program Design
Top-Down Program Design
Pseudocode
Flowcharts
Logic Structures
Step 3: Program Code
The Good Program
Coding
Step 4: Program Test
Syntax Errors
Logic Errors
Testing Process
Step 5: Program Documentation
Step 6: Program Maintenance
Operations
Changing Needs
CASE and OOP
CASE Tools
Object-Oriented Software Development
Generations of Programming Languages
Machine Languages: The First Generation
Assembly Languages: The Second Generation
High-Level Procedural Languages: The Third Generation
Task-Oriented Languages: The Fourth Generation
Problem and Constraint Languages: The Fifth Generation
Careers in IT
A Look to the Future: Your Own Programmable Robot
Visual Summary
Key Terms
Multiple Choice
Matching
Open-Ended
Discussion
The Evolution of the Computer Age
The Computer Buyer's Guide
Glossary
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Subject Index
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