Computational Welding Mechanics (CWM) provides an important technique for modeling welding processes. Welding simulations are a key tool in improving the design and control of welding processes and the performance of welded components or structures. CWM can be used to model phenomena such as heat generation, thermal stresses, and large plastic deformations of components or structures. It also has a wider application in modeling thermomechanical and microstructural phenomena in metals. This important book reviews the principles, methods, and applications of CWM. The book begins by discussing the physics of welding before going on to review modeling methods and options as well as validation techniques. It also reviews applications in areas such as fatigue, buckling, and deformation, improved service life of components, and process optimization. Some of the numerical methods described in the book are illustrated using software available form the author that allows you to explore CWM in more depth. Computational Welding Mechanics will be a standard work for welding engineers and all those researching welding processes and wider thermomechanical and microstructural phenomena in metals.
Author(s): L.E. Lindgren
Edition: 1
Publisher: CRC Press
Year: 2007
Language: English
Pages: 231
Contents......Page 6
Foreword......Page 10
Preface......Page 12
CWM_Lab software......Page 14
1.1 Computational welding mechanics......Page 16
1.3 The competent company......Page 17
1.4 Driving forces for increased use of welding simulations......Page 19
2 The multi-physics of welding......Page 21
3.1 Coupled systems and solution procedures......Page 24
3.2 Linearised coupled thermoelasticity......Page 27
3.3 Decoupling of the subdomains of welding simulations......Page 37
4.1 The thermal cycle and microstructure evolution......Page 46
4.2 The Satoh test......Page 52
4.3 Welding of plate......Page 55
4.4 Welding of pipe......Page 60
5.1 Basic equations of nonlinear heat conduction......Page 62
5.2 Finite element formulation of nonlinear heat conduction......Page 64
6 Nonlinear deformation......Page 69
6.1 Basic choices in formulation of nonlinear deformation......Page 70
6.2 Finite element formulation of nonlinear deformation......Page 73
6.3 Constitutive model......Page 77
6.4 Stress updating algorithm for deviatoric plasticity......Page 89
7.1 Element technologies......Page 95
7.2 Meshing......Page 96
7.3 Dynamic and adaptive meshing......Page 99
7.4 Substructuring......Page 101
7.6 Dimensional reduction......Page 105
7.7 Weld pass reduction......Page 110
7.8 Replacement of weld by simplified loads......Page 112
8.1 Definitions of concepts used......Page 114
8.2 Code verification......Page 117
8.3 Model refinement and qualification......Page 118
8.4 General approach for validation......Page 119
8.5 Calibration and validation strategy......Page 122
8.6 Validation using subsystems and complete systems......Page 132
9.2 The importance of material modelling......Page 134
9.3 Effect of temperature and microstructure......Page 136
9.5 Thermal properties......Page 141
9.6 Elastic properties......Page 144
9.7 Plastic properties and models......Page 145
9.9 Microstructure evolution......Page 154
9.11 Surface properties......Page 165
9.12 Heat input models......Page 166
9.13 Geometric models......Page 178
10 Modelling strategy......Page 179
10.1 Accuracy and weld flexibility categories for CWM models......Page 180
10.2 Characteristics of different accuracy categories......Page 183
10.3 Motivation for proposed modelling strategy......Page 186
11.1 Definitions concerned with robustness and stability......Page 190
11.2 Perturbation methods for investigation of robustness......Page 195
11.3 Methods for analysis of stability......Page 196
11.4 Application of robustness and stability analysis in CWM......Page 198
12.2 Material models......Page 199
12.5 Simplified models......Page 201
12.8 Repair welding......Page 202
12.9 Optimisation......Page 203
12.10 Simulation of welding and other manufacturing steps......Page 204
13.2 Strategic decisions for successful implementation......Page 205
13.3 Business motivation for CWM......Page 206
13.4 Examples......Page 208
14 Summary and conclusion......Page 212
15 References......Page 213
Index......Page 238
