COMPREHENSIVE PERINATAL AND PEDIATRIC RESPIRATORY CARE, 4E provides a detailed and updated discussion of respiratory care for newborns and children. This newly updated text is clear, consistent, and easy for your students to follow. Beginning with a comprehensive presentation of fetal development of the cardiopulmonary system, this book covers respiratory care of neonatal and pediatric patients, as well as causes and care of respiratory illnesses. A section devoted to ventilation and oxygenation includes information on new equipment. Important topics such as the care of parents and home care, are also included. COMPREHENSIVE PERINATAL AND PEDIATRIC RESPIRATORY CARE, 4E provides the theory and clinical expertise necessary to embark on a career in this specialty area and meet the challenges presented in a rapidly changing health care environment.
Author(s): Kent Whitaker, Paul Eberle, Lisa Trujillo
Edition: 4th Edition
Publisher: Cengage
Year: 2014
Language: English
Pages: 866
Contents......Page 7
Preface......Page 15
Reviewers......Page 19
Unit 1: The Neonatal Patient......Page 21
Objectives......Page 23
Brief Overview of Embryologic Development of the Fetus......Page 24
Development and Function of Intrauterine Structures......Page 27
Development of the Pulmonary System......Page 31
Surface Forces and the Role of Surfactant......Page 35
Fetal Lung Fluid......Page 40
Development of the Cardiovascular System......Page 41
Fetal Circulation......Page 43
Summary......Page 48
Posttest......Page 49
Bibliography and Suggested Readings......Page 52
Objectives......Page 55
Modalities to Assess Fetal Status......Page 56
Estimating the Delivery Date......Page 68
Biophysical Tests of Fetal Well-Being......Page 69
Factors Identifying a High-Risk Pregnancy......Page 74
Summary......Page 76
Posttest......Page 78
References......Page 80
Bibliography and Suggested Readings......Page 81
Objectives......Page 83
Pregnancy......Page 84
Stages of Normal Labor and Delivery......Page 85
Abnormal Labor and Delivery......Page 90
Adaptation to Extrauterine Life......Page 101
Posttest......Page 104
References......Page 106
Bibliography and Suggested Readings......Page 107
Objectives......Page 109
When to Resuscitate......Page 110
Preparation for Resuscitation......Page 113
Standard Precautions......Page 115
Steps in Neonatal Resuscitation......Page 116
Apgar Score......Page 131
Management of Serum Glucose......Page 133
Obtaining Umbilical Vessel Blood Samples during Resuscitation......Page 137
Summary......Page 141
Posttest......Page 142
Bibliography and Suggested Readings......Page 145
Objectives......Page 147
Anatomic and Physiologic Considerations......Page 148
Physical Assessment of the Neonate......Page 150
Purpose of the Physical Examination of the Neonate......Page 160
Neonatal Pulmonary Function Testing (PFT)......Page 168
Posttest......Page 175
References......Page 177
Bibliography and Suggested Readings......Page 178
Objectives......Page 181
Introduction......Page 182
Thermoregulation......Page 183
The Physiology of Heat Loss......Page 184
Cold Stress: Response and Complications......Page 186
Thermoregulation in the Delivery Room......Page 187
Prevention of Convective and Conductive Loss......Page 188
Thermoregulation in the Nursery......Page 190
Incubators versus Open Warmers......Page 191
Developmental Needs of the High-Risk Neonate......Page 192
Skin Care of the Premature Neonate......Page 196
Fluid and Electrolyte Balance......Page 197
Neonatal Jaundice......Page 209
Necrotizing Enterocolitis (NEC)......Page 212
Summary......Page 215
Posttest......Page 216
References......Page 218
Bibliography and Suggested Readings......Page 219
Objectives......Page 221
Consequences of Premature Birth......Page 222
Processes of Intrauterine Origin......Page 241
Barotraumatic Diseases: Air Leak Syndromes......Page 248
Other Respiratory Diseases of the Neonate......Page 252
Summary......Page 260
Posttest......Page 262
References......Page 264
Bibliography and Suggested Readings......Page 268
Objectives......Page 271
Infections......Page 272
Bacterial Infections......Page 273
Viral Infections......Page 275
Protozoal and Fungal Infections......Page 279
Diagnosis and Treatment of Infection......Page 280
Prevention of Infection......Page 281
Fetal Immunities......Page 284
Congenital Anomalies......Page 285
Summary......Page 300
Posttest......Page 302
References......Page 304
Bibliography and Suggested Readings......Page 305
Unit 2: The Pediatric Patient......Page 307
Objectives......Page 309
Introduction......Page 310
Pediatric Advanced Life Support......Page 311
Trauma Care......Page 314
Shock......Page 319
Near Drowning......Page 321
Pulmonary Emergencies......Page 322
Burns......Page 330
Spinal Cord Injuries......Page 332
Head Injury......Page 333
Sudden Infant Death Syndrome......Page 337
Poisoning......Page 339
Summary......Page 340
Posttest......Page 342
References......Page 344
Bibliography and Suggested Readings......Page 346
Objectives......Page 347
Anatomic and Physiologic Differences......Page 348
Physical Assessment of the Pediatric Patient......Page 349
Well Child Head-to-Toe Examination......Page 356
Pediatric Pulmonary Function Testing (PFT)......Page 365
Summary......Page 367
Posttest......Page 368
Bibliography and Suggested Readings......Page 370
Objectives......Page 371
Growth and Development......Page 372
Behavioral Development......Page 376
Behavioral Problems......Page 378
Eating Disorders......Page 380
Pediatric Fever......Page 381
Acute Otitis Media......Page 382
Summary......Page 383
Posttest......Page 384
References......Page 386
Bibliography and Suggested Readings......Page 387
Objectives......Page 389
Ventilatory Diseases......Page 390
Neuromuscular Disorders......Page 408
Infectious Lung Diseases......Page 413
Summary......Page 415
Posttest......Page 416
References......Page 418
Bibliography and Suggested Readings......Page 422
Unit 3: General Concepts of Clinical Medicine......Page 425
Objectives......Page 427
Oxygen Therapy......Page 429
Airway Clearance......Page 440
Suctioning......Page 450
Aerosol Therapy......Page 455
Summary......Page 464
Posttest......Page 465
Bibliography and Suggested Readings......Page 468
Objectives......Page 471
Placental Drug Transfer......Page 472
Neonatal Pharmacokinetics......Page 474
Medications......Page 477
Effects of Maternal Drug Abuse on the Fetus......Page 509
Summary......Page 510
Posttest......Page 511
References......Page 513
Bibliography and Suggested Readings......Page 514
Objectives......Page 515
Introduction......Page 516
Work of Breathing/Dyspnea......Page 517
Arterial Blood Gas Analysis......Page 518
Arterial Blood Gas Assessment......Page 525
Oxygen Content......Page 529
Metabolic Disorders......Page 535
Transcutaneous Monitoring......Page 536
Pulse Oximetry......Page 540
Summary......Page 547
Posttest......Page 549
Bibliography and Suggested Readings......Page 552
Ch 16: Interpretation of Chest X-Rays......Page 553
Basic Concepts......Page 554
Method of Interpretation-A Systemic Approach......Page 558
Radiographic Findings in Neonatal Lung Pathology......Page 569
Radiographic Findings in Pediatric Lung Pathology......Page 582
Posttest......Page 586
Bibliography and Suggested Readings......Page 589
Unit 4: Management of Ventilation and Oxygenation......Page 591
Objectives......Page 593
Goals of Mechanical Ventilation......Page 594
Definitions......Page 595
Clinical Applications......Page 606
Pressure-Volume Relationships (Compliance)......Page 607
Pressure-Flow Relationships (Resistance)......Page 612
Time Constants (Kt)......Page 615
Summary......Page 618
Posttest......Page 619
Bibliography and Suggested Readings......Page 622
Objectives......Page 623
Indications for Ventilatory Support of the Neonate and Child......Page 624
Partial Ventilatory Support (PVS)......Page 626
Full Ventilatory Support......Page 634
Setting Initial Ventilator Parameters......Page 637
Volume versus Pressure-Controlled Ventilation......Page 644
Changing Ventilator Parameters in Volume and Pressure Ventilation......Page 648
Hazards of Mechanical Ventilation and How to Avoid Them......Page 651
Neonatal Patient......Page 654
Pediatric Patient......Page 656
Posttest......Page 659
References......Page 662
Bibliography and Suggested Readings......Page 663
Objectives......Page 665
Bio-Med Crossvent 2i+......Page 666
CareFusion 3100A......Page 667
CareFusion AVEA Ventilator......Page 668
Drager Babylog 8000 Plus......Page 671
Drager Evita XL......Page 672
Hamilton Galileo......Page 674
Maquet Servo-i......Page 675
Newport HT70 Plus......Page 677
Puritan Bennett 840......Page 678
Sechrist Millennium......Page 680
Posttest......Page 681
Bibliography and Suggested Readings......Page 683
Objectives......Page 685
Surfactant Replacement Therapy......Page 686
High-Frequency Ventilation (HFV)......Page 689
Specialty Medical Gases......Page 693
Extracorporeal Life Support (ECLS)......Page 695
Partial Liquid Ventilation......Page 698
Negative Pressure Ventilation (NPV)......Page 699
Summary......Page 700
Posttest......Page 701
References......Page 703
Bibliography and Suggested Readings......Page 705
Unit 5: Advanced and Specialty Care......Page 707
Objectives......Page 709
History......Page 710
Types of Transport......Page 713
Personnel......Page 720
Necessary Equipment......Page 721
Infant Preparation and Transportation......Page 725
Special Needs......Page 726
Summary......Page 730
Posttest......Page 731
References......Page 732
Bibliography and Suggested Readings......Page 733
Objectives......Page 735
History of Modern Home Care......Page 736
Home Care Models......Page 737
Patient Selection......Page 738
Home Care of the Ventilator-Dependent Child......Page 739
Home Aerosol Therapy......Page 744
Chest Physiotherapy and Suctioning......Page 745
Apnea Monitoring......Page 746
Oxygen Therapy......Page 747
Discharge Planning......Page 752
The Effects of Home Care on the Family......Page 755
Failure of Home Care......Page 756
Summary......Page 757
Posttest......Page 758
Bibliography and Suggested Readings......Page 760
Objectives......Page 761
Bonding......Page 762
Causes of Parental Stress......Page 764
Implications for the Respiratory Therapist......Page 766
Understanding Grief......Page 767
Posttest......Page 772
References......Page 774
Bibliography and Suggested Readings......Page 775
Appendix A: Laboratory and Clinical Proficiency Check-Offs......Page 777
Appendix B: Strategies to Prepare for the Neonatal/Pediatric Speciality Examination......Page 813
Appendix C: Selected Average Laboratory Values......Page 821
Appendix D: Charts of Average Vital Signs......Page 823
Appendix E: Conversion Chart: Pounds and Ounces to Grams......Page 825
Appendix F: Conversion Chart: Fahrenheit to Celsius......Page 827
Appendix G: Conversion Chart: French to Millimeters and Inches......Page 829
Appendix H: Conversion Chart: Inches to Centimeters......Page 831
Appendix I: Physical Growth Chart......Page 833
Glossary......Page 835
Index......Page 853
