Composite Structures of Steel and Concrete: Beams, Slabs, Columns, and Frames for Buildings

Contents......Page 7
Preface......Page 12
Symbols, terminology and units......Page 15
1.1 Composite beams and slabs......Page 21
1.2 Composite columns and frames......Page 22
1.3.1 Background......Page 23
Basis of design, and actions......Page 25
Resistances......Page 27
Combinations of actions......Page 28
Comments on limit state design philosophy......Page 29
1.4 Properties of materials......Page 30
1.5 Direct actions (loading)......Page 33
1.6 Methods of analysis and design......Page 34
2.1 Introduction......Page 40
2.2 Simply-supported beam of rectangular cross-section......Page 41
2.2.1 No shear connection......Page 42
2.2.2 Full interaction......Page 44
2.4.1 Bond......Page 46
2.4.2 Shear connectors......Page 47
2.5 Properties of shear connectors......Page 49
2.5.1 Stud connectors used with profiled steel sheeting......Page 54
2.6 Partial interaction......Page 55
2.7 Effect of slip on stresses and deflections......Page 57
2.8.1 The m–k or shear-bond test......Page 60
3.2 Example: layout, materials and loadings......Page 64
3.3 Composite floor slabs......Page 67
3.3.1 Resistance of composite slabs to sagging bending......Page 68
3.3.2 Resistance of composite slabs to longitudinal shear......Page 72
3.3.3 Resistance of composite slabs to vertical shear......Page 74
3.3.4 Punching shear......Page 75
3.3.5 Bending moments from concentrated point and line loads......Page 76
3.3.6 Serviceability limit states for composite slabs......Page 78
3.3.7 Fire resistance......Page 79
Design action effects for fire......Page 80
Design methods for resistance to .re......Page 81
Simple calculation model for unprotected composite slab......Page 82
3.4 Example: composite slab......Page 84
3.4.1 Profiled steel sheeting as shuttering......Page 85
3.4.2 Composite slab – flexure and vertical shear......Page 86
3.4.3 Composite slab – longitudinal shear......Page 88
3.4.4 Local effects of point load......Page 90
3.4.5 Composite slab – serviceability......Page 92
3.4.6 Composite slab – fire design......Page 93
3.5 Composite beams – sagging bending and vertical shear......Page 95
3.5.1 Effective cross-section......Page 96
3.5.2 Classification of steel elements in compression......Page 97
Cross-sections in Class 1 or 2......Page 99
3.5.4 Resistance to vertical shear......Page 105
3.6.1 Critical lengths and cross-sections......Page 106
3.6.2 Ductile and non-ductile connectors......Page 108
3.6.3 Transverse reinforcement......Page 109
Design rules for transverse reinforcement in solid slabs......Page 111
Transverse reinforcement in composite slabs......Page 112
3.6.4 Detailing rules......Page 113
3.7 Stresses, deflections and cracking in service......Page 114
3.7.1 Elastic analysis of composite sections in sagging bending......Page 116
3.7.2 The use of limiting span-to-depth......Page 118
3.8 Effects of shrinkage of concrete and of temperature......Page 119
3.9 Vibration of composite .oor structures......Page 120
3.9.1 Prediction of fundamental natural frequency......Page 122
3.9.2 Response of a composite floor to pedestrian traffic......Page 124
3.10 Fire resistance of composite beams......Page 125
3.11 Example: simply-supported composite beam......Page 127
3.11.1 Composite beam – full-interaction flexure and vertical shear......Page 128
3.11.2 Composite beam – partial shear connection, and transverse reinforcement......Page 131
Deflection......Page 135
Vibration......Page 138
3.11.4 Composite beam – fire design......Page 140
4.1 Introduction......Page 142
General......Page 146
Plastic moment of resistance......Page 147
Elastic moment of resistance......Page 150
4.2.2 Vertical shear, and moment-shear interaction......Page 152
4.2.3 Longitudinal shear......Page 153
4.2.4 Lateral buckling......Page 154
Elastic critical moment......Page 156
Buckling moment......Page 159
4.2.5 Cracking of concrete......Page 160
Control of restraint-induced cracking......Page 163
Control of load-induced cracking......Page 165
4.3.1 General......Page 166
4.3.2 Elastic analysis......Page 167
Redistribution of moments in continuous beams......Page 168
Example: redistribution of moments......Page 169
Corrections for cracking and yielding......Page 171
4.3.3 Rigid-plastic analysis......Page 173
4.5 Design strategies for continuous beams......Page 175
4.6.1 Data......Page 177
4.6.2 Flexure and vertical shear......Page 179
4.6.3 Lateral buckling......Page 181
4.6.4 Shear connection and transverse reinforcement......Page 184
4.6.5 Check on deflections......Page 185
4.6.6 Control of cracking......Page 188
4.7 Continuous composite slabs......Page 189
5.1 Introduction......Page 190
5.2 Composite columns......Page 192
5.3.1 Properties of joints......Page 193
5.3.2 Classi.cation of joints......Page 196
5.4.1 Imperfections......Page 198
5.4.3 Method of global analysis......Page 201
Actions......Page 202
Eccentricity of loading, for columns......Page 203
Rigid-plastic global analysis......Page 204
5.4.5 Outline sequence for design of a composite braced frame......Page 205
5.5.1 Data......Page 206
5.5.2 Design action effects and load arrangements......Page 207
5.6.1 Introduction......Page 209
5.6.2 Fire resistance, and detailing rules......Page 210
5.6.3 Properties of column lengths......Page 211
Relative slenderness......Page 212
5.6.4 Resistance of a cross-section to combined compression and uni-axial bending......Page 213
Design action effects, for uni-axial bending......Page 214
5.6.6 Transverse and longitudinal shear......Page 216
5.6.7 Concrete-filled steel tubes......Page 217
5.7.1 Action effects......Page 218
5.7.2 Properties of the cross-section, and y-axis slenderness......Page 219
5.7.3 Resistance of the column length, for major-axis bending......Page 223
5.7.4 Resistance of the column length, for minor-axis bending......Page 225
5.7.5 Checks on shear......Page 227
5.8 Example (continued): internal column......Page 228
5.9 Example (continued): design for horizontal forces......Page 230
5.10 Example (continued): nominally-pinned joint to external column......Page 233
A.1 Theory for simply-supported beam......Page 234
A.2 Example: partial interaction......Page 237
References......Page 240
Index......Page 244