Complex Analysis: Theory and Applications

Complex analysis, as we know it now, is the culmination of over 500 years of mathe- matical development that has had tremendous inﾮuence in mathematics, physics and engineering. The numbers we now know as “complex” (a most unfortunate name due to C. F. Gauss) made their Žrst appearance through the use of square roots of negative numbers in methods for the solution of cubic and quartic equations1 in the works of N. F. Tartaglia and G. Cardano and proved their value in “predicting” the correct val- ues of roots. R. Descartes, who also coined the concept of a real number, named such square roots of negative numbers imaginary, since they could “only” be imagined. Leonhard Euler made extensive use of complex numbers and also introduced these2 in his textbooks. However, Euler also had only a vague geometric notion of complex numbers and the complex plane. The geometrization of the complex numbers had to wait until the end of the eighteenth century by the separate insights of J-R. Argand, C. Wessel and Gauss. Much of the development of classical complex analysis, the topic of this book, occurred in the nineteenth century in the hands of A-L. Cauchy and B. Rie- mann followed by the even more geometrical work of F. Klein, H. Poincare and many others.