Competition Policy in East Asia clarifies the key issues and provides a framework for understanding competition policy, looking in-depth at a number of regulated sectors for additional perspectives.Until two or three decades ago, competition and consumer protection policies were the preserve of the major developed economies like the United States, the United Kingdom and some European countries. Now competition issues are at the top of the international agenda as globalization spreads and as the operations of the World Trade Organization, the World Bank, the Asia Pacific Economic Cooperation forum and other organizations have brought about a realization that regulatory reform - and in many economies the creation for the first time of regulatory instruments for competition and consumer protection - is an imperative.
Author(s): E. Medalla
Edition: 1st Ed.
Year: 2005
Language: English
Pages: 288
Book Cover......Page 1
Half-Title......Page 2
Title......Page 4
Copyright......Page 5
Contents......Page 6
Figures......Page 8
Tables......Page 9
Contributors......Page 11
Preface......Page 13
Abbreviations......Page 15
INTRODUCTION......Page 18
COMPETITION POLICY OBJECTIVES......Page 21
A FRAMEWORK FOR COMPETITION POLICY......Page 24
SOME ISSUES......Page 26
IMPLEMENTATION......Page 29
NOTES......Page 30
REFERENCES......Page 31
INTRODUCTION......Page 32
EVALUATING THE EFFECTIVENESS OF COMPETITION LAW......Page 33
COMPETITION POLICY IN JAPAN......Page 35
The Antimonopoly Act......Page 36
Recent changes to Japan’s antitrust system......Page 39
An evaluation of Japan’s competition policy......Page 41
COMPETITION POLICY IN CHINA......Page 42
The Unfair Competition Law......Page 43
The Price Law......Page 44
An evaluation of China’s competition policy......Page 45
COMPETITION POLICY IN HONG KONG......Page 48
An evaluation of Hong Kong s competition policy......Page 49
LESSONS FROM EAST ASIA......Page 51
NOTES......Page 53
REFERENCES......Page 56
Competition policy and economic regulation......Page 58
Implementing......Page 59
CHARACTERISTICS OF EFFECTIVE COMPETITION POLICY AND REGULATION......Page 60
The policy environment......Page 61
Objectives of competitive policy and economic regulation......Page 63
Principles......Page 66
Processes......Page 69
Skills......Page 71
Culture......Page 72
SYNERGIES......Page 73
CONCLUSION......Page 76
REFERENCES......Page 77
INTRODUCTION......Page 78
THE RELEVANCE OF COMPETITION POLICY FOR DEVELOPING ECONOMIES......Page 80
Facilitating a supply-side response to trade liberalisation and reinforcing domestic reforms......Page 82
The advocacy function of competition agencies......Page 83
THE ROLE OF COMPETITION POLICY IN ADDRESSING INTERNATIONAL ANTICOMPETITIVE PRACTICES......Page 84
Competition policy, dynamic efficiency and the ‘policy space’ available to developing countries......Page 87
Summary: why external liberalisation is not, by itself, sufficient to ensure the efficient functioning of markets......Page 89
POSSIBLE RATIONALES FOR INTERNATIONAL COMMITMENTS ON COMPETITION POLICY......Page 90
A MULTILATERAL FRAMEWORK FOR COMPETITION POLICY?......Page 93
NOTES......Page 97
REFERENCES......Page 99
EARLY REFORMS IN THE ELECTRICITY INDUSTRY......Page 104
Ending the monopoly in power generation......Page 105
Regulating the industry......Page 109
INCREASING PRIVATE SECTOR PARTICIPATION......Page 111
ONGOING PROBLEMS IN THE PHILIPPINE ELECTRICITY INDUSTRY......Page 115
Privatising the NPC......Page 116
Inefficiencies in energy distribution......Page 120
CONCLUSION......Page 125
NOTES......Page 127
REFERENCES......Page 128
INTRODUCTION......Page 130
Sequencing of market opening......Page 131
Rules on foreign participation......Page 132
Adoption of the Reference Paper......Page 133
COMPARING TELECOMMUNICATIONS POLICIES......Page 134
IMPACT OF POLICY ON PERFORMANCE......Page 138
FACTORS AFFECTING PERFORMANCE......Page 141
Impact of new technology......Page 143
Administrative practice......Page 144
Service quality......Page 145
CONCLUSION......Page 147
NOTES......Page 148
REFERENCES......Page 149
B. Local services (including leased lines):......Page 150
B. Local services (including leased lines):......Page 151
A. Background:......Page 152
E. Mobile services:......Page 153
A. Background:......Page 154
C. Long distance services:......Page 155
A. Background:......Page 156
A. Background:......Page 157
A. Background:......Page 158
A. Background:......Page 159
B. Local services (including leased lines):......Page 160
B. Local services (including leased lines):......Page 161
B. Local services (including leased lines):......Page 162
B. Local services (including leased lines):......Page 163
B. Local services (including leased lines):......Page 164
B. Local services (including leased lines):......Page 165
E. Mobile services: duopoly.......Page 166
INTRODUCTION......Page 167
THE KEY CHARACTERISTICS OF THE AIRLINE INDUSTRY......Page 170
COMPETITION POLICY AND CONSUMERS......Page 173
Australia and New Zealand......Page 174
China......Page 175
Japan......Page 177
Malaysia......Page 178
Philippines......Page 179
South Korea......Page 180
AIRLINES IN THE WTO DOHA ROUND......Page 181
US bilateral open skies initiatives......Page 183
The plurilateral or club approach......Page 184
An open skies bloc for Northeast Asia?......Page 185
APEC......Page 186
CONCLUSION......Page 187
NOTES......Page 188
REFERENCES......Page 190
INTRODUCTION......Page 193
LINER SHIPPING—130 YEARS OF INTERNATIONAL CARTELS......Page 194
THE SHIPPING LINER INDUSTRY IN ASEAN......Page 197
Government policy to promote local shipping industries......Page 198
National and regional shippers’ councils......Page 200
SHIPPING CARTELS AND THE WTO......Page 203
GATS negotiations......Page 204
The competition policy agenda......Page 205
NOTES......Page 207
REFERENCES......Page 208
INTRODUCTION......Page 209
Structure......Page 210
Performance......Page 213
REGULATORY FRAMEWORKS......Page 218
Indonesia......Page 220
Malaysia......Page 222
Philippines......Page 224
Singapore......Page 226
Thailand......Page 227
COMPETITION POLICY IN THE INSURANCE INDUSTRY......Page 229
REFERENCES......Page 235
INTRODUCTION......Page 238
CONTRACTS AND ENFORCEMENT......Page 239
THEORY AND HISTORY OF CONTRACT ENFORCEABILITY......Page 240
CONTRACTS, SPOT MARKETS AND VERTICAL INTEGRATION......Page 243
COMPETITION LAW, CONTRACTS AND VERTICAL RESTRAINTS......Page 245
LONG-TERM CONTRACTS, SPECIFIC INVESTMENTS AND AUTHORISATION......Page 246
Kapuni......Page 249
Telecom New Zealand vs Clear......Page 250
CONCLUSION—STRIKING THE APPROPRIATE BALANCE BETWEEN CONTRACT AND COMPETITION LAW......Page 251
NOTES......Page 252
REFERENCES......Page 254
INTRODUCTION......Page 256
The current attitude to competition......Page 258
A culture for competition......Page 259
WINNERS AND LOSERS......Page 261
The intersection of trade and competition law......Page 262
A SHARED REGIONAL PHILOSOPHY ON COMPETITION POLICY AND ITS ENFORCEMENT......Page 263
Developing a regional consensus......Page 265
Loss of control......Page 266
Nationalism and national champions......Page 267
Policy development......Page 268
Legislation and the form and extent of agreement......Page 270
Administration and enforcement......Page 271
Elements of a cooperative regional culture—what is the bare minimum?......Page 272
The beginnings—sharing information......Page 273
The type of regulatory agency......Page 274
The impact of globalisation......Page 275
CONCLUSION......Page 276
NOTES......Page 280
REFERENCES......Page 282
Index......Page 283
