Comparing Post-Socialist Media Systems: The Case of Southeast Europe

Cover
Half Title
Series
Title
Copyright
Contents
List of figures
List of tables
Foreword
Preface
1 Introduction
Three approaches to comparing the media systems of CEE countries
The media systems of CEE countries cluster with those of Western European countries
The impact of socialism on media systems
Plan of the book
2 Explaining the transformations of post-socialist media systems
The problem of studying media change
Change in communication research
Social theories on change
Social change as evolution
The processual approach to social change
Change or continuity? The role of culture
The problem of periodization: critical junctures and path dependencies in media systems change
The first juncture: modernization
The second juncture: socialism
The third juncture: post-socialist democratizations
The communication juncture
The problem of comparison
A set theoretic research approach: fuzzy set qualitative comparative analysis (fsQCA)
Conditions shaping outcomes in media systems
The political field
The socio-economic field
The cultural and symbolic field
3 Prelude to modernity
Transformations of the political field
Habsburg and Ottoman Empires
Kingdom of Serbs, Croats, and Slovenes/Kingdom of Yugoslavia
Transformations of the economic field
Transformations of the cultural field
States’ evolving relationships with the media
Habsburg and Ottoman Empires
Kingdom of SHS/Yugoslavia
Development of media markets
Differences in the spread of printing
Newspapers and the political public sphere
Habsburg and Ottoman Empires
Kingdom of SHS/Yugoslavia
Radio
Political parallelism
Habsburg and Ottoman Empires
Kingdom of SHS/Yugoslavia
Journalistic professionalism and autonomy
Globalization and communication flows
Conclusion
4 Media systems in socialist modernity
Transformations of the political and economic fields
The idea of socialism
Economic transformations: real existing socialism versus self-management socialism
Transformations of the state and the political field
Pluralism, polarization, and cleavages of the political field
Transformations of the cultural field
Socialist values and modernization
The role of the state: making the socialist media
The administrative period: 1945–1952
Self-management of the socialist media market: 1950s and 1960s
The mature period of decadent socialism: 1970s and 1980s
Journalistic professionalism and autonomy
Political parallelism in a one-party system
The socialist public sphere
Self-management of the media market in a socialist society
The press: profit, advertising, and audiences
Developing television in self-management socialism
Media culture and global communication flows
Conclusion
5 Toward democracy: Post-socialist media systems in digital modernity
Transformations of the political field
First transition: exiting socialism
War and the collapse of Yugoslavia
State building and institutions
What divides the polities?
Consolidation of democracy or hybrid regimes
Economic transformation: (re)turn to market economy
Transformations of the cultural field
The role of the state: creating democratic media systems
Post-socialist makeovers
Freedom of expression and its restrictions
Regulatory system for broadcasting
Media pluralism policy
Digital media policy
Governance of public service media
Political parallelism
Media market after self-management socialism
Media audiences, advertising, and digital media
Journalistic autonomy
Media culture and global communication flows
Conclusion
6 Why the media systems are the way they are
Calibrating the conditions within media systems across three temporal frameworks: the design of the fsQCA
Space-time transformations of media systems and the concepts that describe them
The political field
The socio-economic field
The cultural and symbolic field
The state and the media
Political parallelism
Media market
Journalistic autonomy and professionalism
Globalized media culture
Causal configurations and paths of media systems transformations in Southeast Europe
Modernization path of developing media systems
Media systems during socialism
Media systems in digital modernity
Necessary conditions and different paths to the development of the media market
Sufficient media system conditions for media market development
Sufficient structural and macro conditions for media market development
Necessary conditions and different paths to media freedom
Sufficient media system conditions for media freedom
Sufficient macro and structural conditions in the path to media freedom
The longue durée in media freedom and media market development
The missing pieces and directions for future research
Methodological Appendix
References
Index