Proposing a framework for comparative analysis of the relationship between the media and the political system, this book surveys media institutions in eighteen West European and North American democracies. It identifies the principal dimensions of variation in media systems and the political variables which have shaped their evolution. It then pinpoints three major models of media systems development (the Polarized Pluralist, Democratic Corporatist and Liberal models) and explains why the media play a different role in politics in each of these systems.
Author(s): Daniel C. Hallin, Paolo Mancini
Year: 2004
Language: English
Pages: 360
Cover......Page 1
Half-title......Page 3
Series-title......Page 5
Title......Page 7
Copyright......Page 8
Contents......Page 9
TABLES......Page 10
List of Acronyms......Page 13
Preface......Page 15
ONE Introduction......Page 19
WHY COMPARATIVE ANALYSIS?......Page 20
SCOPE OF THE STUDY......Page 24
THE LEGACY OF FOUR THEORIES OF THE PRESS......Page 25
MEDIA SYSTEM MODELS......Page 28
DO WE NEED NORMATIVE THEORIES OF THE MEDIA?......Page 31
LIMITATIONS OF DATA......Page 33
PLAN OF THE BOOK......Page 35
PART I Concepts and Models......Page 37
TWO Comparing Media Systems......Page 39
THE STRUCTURE OF MEDIA MARKETS: THE DEVELOPMENT OF A MASS PRESS......Page 40
POLITICAL PARALLELISM......Page 44
POLITICAL PARALLELISM IN BROADCAST GOVERNANCE AND REGULATION......Page 48
PROFESSIONALIZATION......Page 51
THE ROLE OF THE STATE......Page 59
CONCLUSION......Page 62
THREE The Political Context of Media Systems......Page 64
INTERACTION WITH ECONOMIC VARIABLES......Page 65
THE ROLE OF THE STATE......Page 67
CONSENSUS VS. MAJORITARIAN DEMOCRACY......Page 68
INDIVIDUAL VS. ORGANIZED PLURALISM; LIBERALISM VS. CORPORATISM......Page 71
RATIONAL-LEGAL AUTHORITY AND CLIENTELISM......Page 73
MODERATE VS. POLARIZED PLURALISM......Page 77
HISTORICAL ROOTS......Page 80
CONCLUSION......Page 81
THE THREE MODELS INTRODUCED......Page 84
DIFFERENTIATION AND DE-DIFFERENTIATION......Page 94
CONCLUSIONS......Page 103
PART II The Three Models......Page 105
FIVE The Mediterranean or Polarized Pluralist Model......Page 107
THE POLITICAL AND LITERARY ROOTS OF JOURNALISM......Page 108
POLITICAL PARALLELISM......Page 116
POLITICAL PARALELLISM IN PUBLIC BROADCASTING......Page 124
PROFESSIONALIZATION......Page 128
JOURNALISTIC AUTONOMY VS. INSTRUMENTALIZATION......Page 131
THE MEDIA AND THE STATE......Page 137
“SAVAGE DEREGULATION”......Page 142
POLITICAL HISTORY, STRUCTURE, AND CULTURE......Page 145
POLARIZED PLURALISM......Page 147
THE ROLE OF THE STATE......Page 151
CLIENTELISM AND RATIONAL-LEGAL AUTHORITY......Page 153
CONCLUSION......Page 156
SIX The North/Central European or Democratic Corporatist Model......Page 161
THE EARLY ROOTS OF THE PRINT PRESS......Page 164
BETWEEN MARKET AND PARTISANSHIP......Page 168
THE STATE AND THE MEDIA......Page 178
GOVERNANCE OF PUBLIC BROADCASTING......Page 183
PROFESSIONALIZATION......Page 188
THE DECLINE – AND PERSISTENCE – OF POLITICAL PARALLELISM......Page 196
POLITICAL HISTORY, STRUCTURE, AND CULTURE......Page 201
CONCLUSION......Page 213
SEVEN The North Atlantic or Liberal Model......Page 216
LIBERALISM AND THE DEVELOPMENT OF A COMMERCIAL MASS-CIRCULATION PRESS......Page 217
POLITICAL PARALLELISM......Page 225
PROFESSIONALIZATION......Page 235
THE ROLE OF THE STATE......Page 246
GOVERNANCE OF BROADCASTING......Page 253
POLITICAL HISTORY, STRUCTURE, AND CULTURE......Page 255
MODERATE PLURALISM......Page 256
INDIVIDUALIZED PLURALISM......Page 259
MAJORITARIANISM......Page 260
RATIONAL-LEGAL AUTHORITY......Page 261
CONCLUSION......Page 264
PART III The Future of the Three Models......Page 267
THE TRIUMPH OF THE LIBERAL MODEL......Page 269
EXOGENOUS FORCES OF HOMOGENIZATION: AMERICANIZATION AND THE DEVELOPMENT OF A GLOBAL CULTURE OF JOURNALISM......Page 272
THE ROLE OF TECHNOLOGY......Page 277
ENDOGENOUS FORCES OF CHANGE: “MODERNIZATION,” SECULARIZATION, AND COMMERCIALIZATION......Page 279
MASS MEDIA AND SECULARIZATION......Page 281
MEDIA SYSTEM CHANGE: CAUSE OR EFFECT......Page 285
TELEVISION AS COMMON GROUND......Page 288
“CRITICAL EXPERTISE” IN JOURNALISM......Page 289
COMMERCIALIZATION......Page 291
THE CONSEQUENCES OF COMMERCIALIZATION......Page 295
LIMITS AND COUNTERTENDENCIES OF THE HOMOGENIZATION PROCESS......Page 300
DIFFERENTIATION AND DE-DIFFERENTIATION......Page 305
DIFFERENTIATION AND THE MARKET......Page 306
DIFFERENTIATION AND THE STATE......Page 309
DIFFERENTIATION AND POWER......Page 310
CONCLUSION......Page 312
NINE Conclusion......Page 314
Bibliography......Page 325
Index......Page 347
