Comparative Public Administration: The Essential Readings

Cover......Page 1
Comparative Public Administration: The Essential Readings......Page 4
Contents......Page 6
Permissions and Acknowledgements......Page 14
Personal Acknowledgements......Page 20
Introduction: Essential Readings in Comparative Administration......Page 22
Criteria for Selection......Page 24
References......Page 26
I......Page 28
II......Page 30
III......Page 32
References......Page 34
Further Reading......Page 35
Foreword......Page 36
Part I: Comparative Public Administration: Growth, Method, and Ecology......Page 38
References......Page 43
Further Reading......Page 44
Problems of Theory and Research in Comparative Public Administration......Page 46
Some Methodological Perspectives for the Future......Page 49
At the Macro Level......Page 50
At the Micro Level......Page 51
Notes......Page 53
The Prismatic Model: Conceptualizing Transitional Societies......Page 54
The Inescapable Model......Page 55
An Indian Example......Page 56
Images of Public Administration......Page 57
Substantive Versus Formal Administrative Models......Page 59
Prescriptive Versus Descriptive Models......Page 61
The Earmarks of Transition......Page 62
Overlapping and Heterogeneity......Page 63
Formalism......Page 65
A Structural–Functional Approach......Page 68
The Prismatic Model......Page 74
Related Variables......Page 77
Time and the Scale of Diffraction......Page 81
Endogenous Versus Exogenous Change......Page 85
Dynamics of Change in Transitional Societies......Page 89
Notes......Page 95
Public Administration as a Field of Study......Page 98
Significance of Comparison......Page 101
Problems of Comparison......Page 103
Functionalism......Page 105
Neo-Institutionalism......Page 107
Postwar Evolution of Comparative Studies......Page 109
CAG Programs......Page 115
Characteristic Features......Page 116
Retrenchment......Page 121
Reappraisals......Page 122
Recommendations......Page 130
Prospects and Options......Page 134
Development Administration......Page 135
Comparative Public Policy......Page 143
Core Comparative Public Administration......Page 145
Notes......Page 150
Comparative Public Administration: Prologue, Performance, Problems, and Promise......Page 166
The Development of Public Administration......Page 167
The Rise of Comparative Public Administration......Page 171
Relationships with other Developments......Page 173
Of Trends, Methods and Models......Page 180
Problems and Promise......Page 186
Of Strategies, Dilemmas and Puzzles......Page 191
‘‘Development’’ as a Focus......Page 198
Notes......Page 202
Comparative Public Administration: The Search for Theories......Page 208
A Brief History......Page 209
Paradigmatic Debates......Page 211
Active or Dormant: The Journals......Page 213
Who and why: Practitioners and Academicians, Policy Recommendations, and Theory Testing......Page 215
What: The Topics......Page 218
How: Quantification and Comparison......Page 219
Analysis and Interpretation......Page 221
The Journals......Page 222
Practitioners, Policy Recommendations, and Theory Testing......Page 223
Quantification and Comparison......Page 224
Conclusions......Page 225
Notes......Page 226
Introduction......Page 230
Definitions and Models......Page 233
The Problem of ‘‘Modernity’’......Page 235
The Neutrality of the Bureaucracy......Page 240
Scarcity of Bureaucratic Talent......Page 242
Bureaucracy and other Political Institutions......Page 247
Demands and the Bureaucracy......Page 252
Some Unanswered Questions......Page 255
Notes......Page 257
Part II: Administrative Development and Development Administration......Page 258
Development Administration, then and now......Page 259
Running out of Steam......Page 263
References......Page 265
Further Reading......Page 267
Development: The Western Model......Page 268
The Rise of Comparative Public Administration......Page 269
Western Concepts of Administrative Development......Page 270
Specialization......Page 271
Achievement Orientation......Page 272
An Alternative Model of Administrative Development......Page 273
Reduction in Corruption......Page 274
Political Participation......Page 275
Notes......Page 276
Administrative Objectives for Development Administration......Page 278
An Innovative Atmosphere......Page 280
Operational and Shared Planning Goals......Page 281
Combination of Planning (Thinking) and Action (Doing)......Page 282
A Cosmopolitan Atmosphere......Page 283
The Toleration of Interdependence......Page 284
Avoidance of Bureaupathology......Page 285
Centralization and Decentralization......Page 286
Communication and Feedback......Page 288
Participation in Planning......Page 291
Notes......Page 292
The Demands of Independence Upon Public Administration......Page 294
The Meaning of Development......Page 297
The Role of People in Development......Page 300
The Role of Institutions......Page 304
The Meaning of Development administration......Page 309
The Applications of Development administration......Page 315
Note on Sources......Page 318
Notes......Page 322
The Comparative Administration Group, Development Administration, and Antidevelopment......Page 324
The Administration of Development: The Paradox of CAG-AID and Liberal Democracy......Page 327
Achievements and Constraints......Page 330
Notes......Page 332
Neoteric Theories for Development Administration in the New World Order......Page 334
The New World Order......Page 336
Latin America......Page 338
Asia......Page 339
Eastern Europe......Page 340
Quality of Life......Page 341
The Former Soviet Union......Page 342
The United States......Page 343
The European Community......Page 344
The World Bank......Page 345
New Decade, New Goals, New Approaches......Page 346
Population Control: The Missing Strategy......Page 348
Indigenous Democratization......Page 349
Regional Alliances......Page 351
Reversal of the Brain Drain Flow......Page 353
Notes......Page 354
References......Page 356
Introduction......Page 358
Aid to the Iranian National Police......Page 359
Political Support for Administrative Reform......Page 360
American Leverage......Page 362
Assumptions about Technical Assistance......Page 363
Adapt not Adopt......Page 364
The ‘‘Successful’’ Project......Page 365
Conclusions......Page 366
Notes......Page 368
Administering to the Poor (or, if We Can’t Help Rich Dictators, What Can We do for the Poor?)......Page 372
I......Page 374
II......Page 377
III......Page 380
Notes......Page 381
In the Beginning......Page 382
The End of Innocence......Page 385
Reconstruction and Renewal......Page 388
Notes......Page 393
Part III: Managing Institutions through Planning and Decentralization......Page 396
Planning and Decentralization......Page 398
End of Centralized Planning?......Page 402
References......Page 404
Further Reading......Page 406
Introduction......Page 408
Assessing Administrative Reform in Post-Socialist Countries: Analytical Problems......Page 409
Multi-Dimensional and Multi-Level Problems......Page 413
Framing and Reframing......Page 415
Administrative Reform in Central and Eastern Europe: Comparative Observations......Page 416
Czechoslovakia......Page 417
Poland......Page 419
Hungary......Page 422
Administrative Reform in Central Europe: Conclusions......Page 424
References......Page 428
Analyzing the Organizational Requirements for Serving the Rural Poor......Page 430
The Organizational Requirements......Page 431
The Structural Implications......Page 432
The Parameters for Organizational Design......Page 435
Program Vulnerability to Inequality......Page 437
The Responsiveness of Local Leaders......Page 441
Support from the Center......Page 445
Technical and Administrative Requirements and the Distribution of Capacity......Page 448
Modes of Decentralization......Page 451
The Dimensions for Analyzing Decentralization......Page 453
A Typology of Decentralization Oriented to the Poor......Page 454
The Array of Linkages......Page 458
Control Linkages......Page 459
Conclusions......Page 460
References......Page 461
Further Reading......Page 462
Development Planning: Lessons of Experience......Page 464
Notes......Page 468
Government Decentralization and Economic Development: The Evolution of Concepts and Practices......Page 470
Centralization in the 1950s and 1960s......Page 471
Decentralization for Efficiency and Equity in the 1970s and 1980s......Page 473
Decentralization and Democratic Market development during the 1990s......Page 476
Lessons of Experience: Conditions for Policy Implementation......Page 478
Further Reading......Page 480
The Recent Interest in Decentralization......Page 484
Objectives of Decentralization......Page 486
Characteristics of the Decentralization Programmes......Page 490
Decentralization: Achievements and Prospects......Page 496
References......Page 498
Exploring the Implications of Privatization and Deregulation......Page 500
Conceptual and Definitional Problems......Page 502
The Major Economic Arguments......Page 507
Sociopolitical Costs and Benefits......Page 511
Practical Policy Options......Page 515
Notes......Page 518
Approaches to Privatization: Established Models and a U.S. Innovation......Page 526
The British Model......Page 527
The New Zealand Experience......Page 529
The Old Standby......Page 530
A United States Innovation......Page 533
Conclusions......Page 535
Notes......Page 536
Part IV: New Public Management and Reforms......Page 538
ITs and Public Administration......Page 543
The International Neo-Liberal Capitalism and Democratization Context......Page 545
References......Page 548
Further Reading......Page 551
The Administrative State in a Globalizing World: Some Trends and Challenges......Page 552
Coping with Globalization......Page 555
Restoring the Capacity to Govern......Page 559
Furthering Democratization......Page 564
Adapting to the Knowledge Society......Page 571
Attracting Talent into Public Service......Page 574
Further Reading......Page 579
From Public Administration to Public Management: Reassessing a Revolution?......Page 580
The Emergence of Public Management: Redefining a Field?......Page 582
Structures for Public Management......Page 589
Financial and Performance Management......Page 594
Quality, Empowerment and Entrepreneurship......Page 599
Conclusions......Page 601
References......Page 605
Further Reading......Page 609
The New Public Management as an International Phenomenon: A Skeptical View......Page 610
Bureaucracy and the Nation State......Page 612
Convergence Contested......Page 614
Can such an Argument Withstand Scrutiny?......Page 615
The New Public Management Deconstructed......Page 617
Just the Facts......Page 620
The New Public Law Democracy?......Page 623
Notes......Page 625
References......Page 626
What is Wrong with the New Public Management?......Page 630
What is the New Public Management?......Page 631
The New Public Management: A Flawed Concept......Page 632
Administration Matters too......Page 637
Notes......Page 638
Introduction: Exploiting IT in Public Administration: Towards the Information Polity?......Page 640
Networks and Relationships: From Automation to Informatization......Page 643
Information and NPM: The Political Dynamics of Exploiting Information Technology......Page 645
Conclusions......Page 648
References......Page 649
Background......Page 652
Can BPR be Applied in the Public Sector?......Page 654
Should BPR be Applied in the Public Sector?......Page 655
Is BPR being Applied in the Public Sector?......Page 656
Analysis: Information Technology and Reengineering in the Public Sector......Page 657
Rationality, Politics and Reengineering in the Public Sector......Page 661
Conclusions......Page 665
IT-Supported Reengineering in the Public Sector: Recommendations......Page 666
Conception-Reality Gaps......Page 669
References......Page 670
Informatization and Democracy: Orwell or Athens? A Review of the Literature......Page 672
Introduction and Thematization. Where did Orwell go Wrong?......Page 673
Computer- Information- and Communication-Technology; What is new about it?......Page 675
Old Ideals and New Technology; Direct Democracy......Page 677
More Responsive Indirect Democracy......Page 680
Democracy as Active Citizenship......Page 682
Issue and Pressure-Groups......Page 683
Political Parties......Page 684
The Transparent and Fragmented Citizen......Page 685
The Broker in Majorities: The Electronic Politician......Page 688
Applications of ICT in Parliament......Page 689
The External Dimension of Parliamentary Informatization......Page 690
The Internal Dimension of Parliamentary Informatization: The Democratization of Parliaments......Page 692
Final Conclusions......Page 694
References......Page 697
Further Reading......Page 700
Introduction......Page 704
The New Democratic Governance Paradigm......Page 705
Implications of the New Paradigm......Page 712
References......Page 714
Further Reading......Page 716
An Exploration into the Familiar and the New: Public Budgeting in Developing Countries......Page 718
The Familiar and the New: The Environment of Public Budgeting......Page 720
Globalization and Budgeting¹......Page 722
The New and the Familiar: Budgeting Reform......Page 725
Budget Reforms in Practice......Page 729
What is Familiar and what is New?......Page 733
Notes......Page 734
References......Page 735
Further Reading......Page 736
The New World Order and Global Public Administration: A Critical Essay......Page 738
The Nature of the New World Order......Page 742
Democratization......Page 745
Marketization and Privatization......Page 749
Structural Adjustments and Global Public Administration......Page 752
Readjustment in Public and Private Sector Relationships......Page 753
Organizational Reconfiguration and Redesign......Page 754
Administrative Reform......Page 755
The Global Bureaucracy......Page 757
Implications for Public Administration Theory and Practice......Page 758
Conclusions......Page 760
References......Page 761
Further Reading......Page 765
Global Perspective on Comparative and International Administration......Page 766
Changing European States, Changing Public Administration: Introduction......Page 772
Public Administration in Statist France......Page 778
The Construction of the Nation-State and the Birth of an Applied Science of Public Administration......Page 780
The Development of the Liberal State and the Eclipse of Administrative Science......Page 781
The Advent of the Welfare State and the Rebirth of Administrative Science......Page 782
The Construction of Administrative Science......Page 783
The Legal Model......Page 784
The Managerial Model......Page 785
The Sociological Model......Page 786
The Present State of French Administrative Science......Page 787
Rapid Institutionalization......Page 788
Pluralism in Approaches......Page 790
The Variety of Subjects for Research......Page 792
References......Page 794
Further Reading......Page 795
Administrative Science as Reform: German Public Administration......Page 796
The Rise of Modern German Administrative Science......Page 798
The Early 1970s: The ‘‘Bureaucratic Phenomenon’’ as a Constraint to Public Policy......Page 801
The Late 1970s: Approaches of Implementation and the ‘‘Intelligence of Bureaucracy’’......Page 803
The 1980s: Disillusionment about Verwaltungswissenschaft as a Scholarly Discipline......Page 805
The 1990s: The Challenge of Institution Building in a Reunified Germany......Page 807
Conclusion......Page 808
References......Page 809
Further Reading......Page 813
Antistatist Reforms and New Administrative Directions: Public Administration in the United Kingdom......Page 814
Recent Changes in the State and Public Administration......Page 816
The History and Intellectual Roots of the Contemporary Approaches......Page 820
Administration and Academe: Teaching and Research......Page 824
References......Page 827
Further Reading......Page 829
Expansion and Diversification of Public Administration in the Postwar Welfare State: The Case of the Netherlands......Page 830
Postwar Welfare State and Administrative Science......Page 831
Dutch State and Administration: Pillarization, Corporatism, and Consensus......Page 832
Postwar-Centralized Welfare State......Page 833
Scientific Study of Public Administration......Page 834
Public Administration Programs......Page 835
Institutional Progress......Page 837
Policy Science......Page 839
Limits of Planning and Governance......Page 840
Governance in Complex Networks......Page 841
Public Management and Organization......Page 842
Other Research Topics......Page 843
American and European Administrative Science......Page 844
References......Page 845
Further Reading......Page 847
From Continental Law to Anglo-Saxon Behaviorism: Scandanavian Public Administration......Page 848
The Institutional Landscape of Scandinavian Public Administration Research......Page 850
Denmark......Page 851
Norway......Page 853
Sweden......Page 854
Local Government......Page 856
Topics and Trends from Planning to Cutbacks......Page 857
The European Dimension......Page 858
From Macro to Micro – and Back Again?......Page 859
Concluding Remarks......Page 860
Notes......Page 861
References......Page 862
Further Reading......Page 866
International Development Management in a Globalized World......Page 868
Global Trends: A Quick Overview......Page 870
What has not changed......Page 872
Development Management: Yesterday and Today......Page 873
Implications for Development Management......Page 877
Development Management as a Means to Foreign Assistance Agendas......Page 878
Development Management as a Toolkit......Page 881
Development Management as Values......Page 883
Development Management as Process......Page 886
Bridging Practice and Theory......Page 888
Conclusions......Page 890
Notes......Page 892
References......Page 894
Public Administration in Post-Socialist Eastern Europe......Page 900
Policy-Making Capacity......Page 901
Changing the Role of Government in Society......Page 903
Evolving Decentralization from Central to Subnational Governments......Page 904
Liquidating Obsolete Government Agencies......Page 906
Redesigning Fundamental Government Systems......Page 907
Public Finance Reform......Page 908
Civil Service Reform......Page 910
Notes......Page 915
References......Page 917
Further Reading......Page 918
Introduction......Page 920
Lessons from Reform in Australia and New Zealand......Page 922
Lessons from Reform in Asia......Page 927
Public Management Reform is Never Done......Page 929
The ‘‘New Public Management’’ has Proven a Fundamentally Different Approach to Reform......Page 930
The Political Clout of the New Public Management has been Negligible......Page 931
Despite Wide Variation in Reform Strategies, there is a Convergence of Reforms around General Themes......Page 932
The Pursuit of the New Public Management Strategy has Revealed a Mismatch among Practice, Theory, and Instruction......Page 933
Conclusions......Page 934
Notes......Page 938
References......Page 939
Further Reading......Page 941
The Rise of ‘‘The New Public Management’’......Page 942
The Fall of ‘‘Good Government’’......Page 943
The Globe’s Governmental Realities: Authoritarianism, Corruption, Ineptitude......Page 945
Honesty is Good Government......Page 946
Out of Ostrichville......Page 947
Good Government is Competency......Page 948
Competence Counts......Page 950
References......Page 951
Further Reading......Page 952
Conclusion: Impact of Globalization on the Study and Practice of Public Administration......Page 954
Benign Anarchy......Page 956
Polyarchy......Page 957
Dictatorship......Page 958
Synarchy......Page 959
Revisions......Page 960
Monarchic Sovereignty......Page 961
Contemporary Examples......Page 962
Separation of Church and State......Page 963
Two Constitutional Models – Proto and Ortho Modern......Page 965
Proto-Modern Structure......Page 966
Fragility......Page 968
The Exceptional Case......Page 969
Fully Modern Format......Page 971
Comparisons......Page 972
Iron Triangles......Page 973
Parochialism and Compartmentalization......Page 975
Paradigm Change......Page 976
Disorder......Page 977
History......Page 978
Iraq......Page 980
Bureaucratic Domination......Page 981
Nigeria......Page 982
Endemic War......Page 983
Hamas Charter (1988)......Page 984
Thailand......Page 986
Iran (Persia)......Page 987
Zones of Uncertainty......Page 988
Future Governance – Erasing the State/Non-State Divide......Page 990
State Governments......Page 991
World Organizations......Page 992
Katrina Disaster......Page 993
Individual Initiatives......Page 994
Polyarchy vs. Panarchy......Page 995
Terrorism and Anarchy......Page 996
Global Governance......Page 997
Glocalization......Page 998
Notes......Page 999
Regional Organizations Outside of Europe......Page 1006
North American Organizations......Page 1007
Subject Index......Page 1008