Communication Systems 4th Edition

Communication Systems......Page 1
Preface......Page 9
Contents......Page 15
1. The Communication Process......Page 21
3. Sources of Information......Page 23
4. Communication Networks......Page 30
5. Communication Channels......Page 35
6. Modulation Process......Page 39
7. Analog and Digital Types of Communication......Page 41
8. Shannon's Information Capacity Theorem......Page 43
9. A Digital Communication Problem......Page 44
10. Historical Notes......Page 46
Notes and References......Page 49
1.1 Introduction......Page 51
1.2 Mathematical Definition of a Random Process......Page 52
1.3 Stationary Processes......Page 53
1.4 Mean, Correlation, and Covariance Functions......Page 55
1.5 Ergodic Processes......Page 61
1.6 Transmission of a Random Process Through a Linear Time-Invariant Filter......Page 62
1.7 Power Spectral Density......Page 64
1.8 Gaussian Process......Page 74
1.9 Noise......Page 78
1.11 Representation of Narrowband Noise in Terms of In-phase and Quadrature Components......Page 84
1.12 Representation of Narrowband Noise in Terms of Envelope and Phase Components......Page 87
1.13 Sine Wave Plus Narrowband Noise......Page 89
1.14 Computer Experiments: Flat-Fading Channel......Page 91
1.15 Summary and Discussion 75......Page 95
Notes and References......Page 97
Problems......Page 98
2.1 Introduction......Page 108
2.2 Amplitude Modulation......Page 110
2.3 Linear Modulation Schemes......Page 113
2.4 Frequency Translation......Page 123
2.5 Frequency-Division Multiplexing......Page 125
2.6 Angle Modulation......Page 127
2.7 Frequency Modulation......Page 129
2.8 Nonlinear Effects in FM Systems......Page 146
2.9 Superheterodyne Receiver......Page 148
2.10 Noise in CW Modulation Systems......Page 150
2.11 Noise in Linear Receivers using Coherent Detection......Page 152
2.12 Noise in AM Receivers using Envelope Detection......Page 155
2.13 Noise in FM Receivers......Page 162
2.14 Computer Experiments: Phase-locked Loop......Page 177
2.15 Summary and Discussion......Page 182
Notes and References......Page 185
Problems......Page 186
3.1 Introduction......Page 203
3.2 Sampling Process......Page 204
3.3 Pulse-Amplitude Modulation......Page 208
3.4 Other Forms of Pulse Modulation......Page 211
3.6 Quantization Process......Page 213
3.7 Pulse-Code Modulation......Page 221
3.8 Noise Considerations in PCM Systems......Page 229
3.9 Time-Division Multiplexing......Page 231
3.10 Digital Multiplexers......Page 234
3.11 Virtues, Limitations, and Modifications of PCM......Page 237
3.12 Delta Modulation......Page 238
3.13 Linear Prediction......Page 243
3.14 Differential Pulse-Code Modulation......Page 247
3.15 Adaptive Differential Pulse-Code Modulation......Page 249
3.16 Computer Experiment: Adaptive Delta Modulation......Page 252
3.17 MPEG Audio Coding Standard......Page 254
3.18 Summary and Discussion......Page 256
Notes and References......Page 258
Problems......Page 259
4.1 Introduction......Page 267
4.2 Matched Filter......Page 268
4.3 Error Rate Due to Noise......Page 273
4.4 Intersymbol Interference......Page 279
4.5 Nyquist's Criterion for Distortionless Baseband Binary Transmission......Page 281
4.6 Correlative-Level Coding......Page 287
4.7 Baseband M-ary PAM Transmission......Page 295
4.8 Digital Subscriber Lines......Page 297
4.9 Optimum Linear Receiver......Page 302
4.10 Adaptive Equalization......Page 307
4.11 Computer Experiments: Eye Patterns......Page 313
4.12 Summary and Discussion......Page 316
Notes and References......Page 317
Problems......Page 320
5.1 Introduction......Page 329
5.2 Geometric Representation of Signals......Page 331
5.3 Conversion of the Continuous AWGN Channel into a Vector Channel......Page 338
5.5 Coherent Detection of Signals in Noise: Maximum Likelihood Decoding......Page 342
5.6 Correlation Receiver......Page 346
5.7 Probability of Error......Page 348
Notes and References......Page 357
Problems......Page 358
6.1 Introduction......Page 364
6.2 Passband Transmission Model......Page 368
6.3 Coherent Phase-Shift Keying......Page 369
6.4 Hybrid Amplitude/Phase Modulation Schemes......Page 388
6.5 Coherent Frequency-Shift Keying......Page 400
6.6 Detection of Signals with Unknown Phase......Page 423
6.7 Noncoherent Orthogonal Modulation......Page 427
6.8 Noncoherent Binary Frequency-Shift Keying......Page 433
6.9 Differential Phase-Shift Keying......Page 434
6.10 Comparison of Digital Modulation Schemes Using a Single Carrier......Page 437
6.11 Voiceband Modems......Page 440
6.12 Multichannel Modulation......Page 451
6.13 Discrete Multitone......Page 460
6.14 Synchronization......Page 468
6.15 Computer Experiments: Carrier Recovery and Symbol Timing......Page 478
6.16 Summary and Discussion......Page 484
Notes and References......Page 485
Problems......Page 488
7.1 Introduction......Page 499
7.2 Pseudo-Noise Sequences......Page 500
7.3 A Notion of Spread Spectrum......Page 508
7.4 Direct-Sequence Spread Spectrum with Coherent Binary Phase-Shift Keying......Page 510
7.5 Signal-Space Dimensionality and Processing Gain......Page 513
7.6 Probability of Error......Page 517
7.7 Frequency-Hop Spread Spectrum......Page 519
7.8 Computer Experiments: Maximal-Length and Gold Codes......Page 525
7.9 Summary and Discussion......Page 528
Problems......Page 529
8.1 Introduction......Page 532
8.2 Multiple-Access Techniques......Page 533
8.3 Satellite Communications......Page 534
8.4 Radio Link Analysis......Page 537
8.5 Wireless Communications......Page 549
8.6 Statistical Characterization of Multipath Channels......Page 555
8.7 Binary Signaling over a Rayleigh Fading Channel......Page 562
8.8 TDMA and CDMA Wireless Communication Systems......Page 567
8.9 Source Coding of Speech for Wireless Communications......Page 570
8.10 Adaptive Antenna Arrays for Wireless Communications......Page 573
8.11 Summary and Discussion......Page 579
Notes and References......Page 580
Problems......Page 582
9.1 Introduction......Page 587
9.2 Uncertainty, Information, and Entropy......Page 588
9.3 Source-Coding Theorem......Page 594
9.4 Data Compaction......Page 595
9.5 Discrete Memoryless Channels......Page 601
9.6 Mutual Information......Page 604
9.7 Channel Capacity......Page 607
9.8 Channel-Coding Theorem......Page 609
9.9 Differential Entropy and Mutual Information for Continuous Ensembles......Page 613
9.10 Information Capacity Theorem......Page 617
9.11 Implications of the Information Capacity Theorem......Page 621
9.12 Information Capacity of Colored Noise Channel......Page 627
9.13 Rate Distortion Theory......Page 631
9.14 Data Compression......Page 634
9.15 Summary and Discussion......Page 636
Notes and References......Page 637
Problems......Page 638
10.1 Introduction......Page 646
10.2 Discrete-Memoryless Channels......Page 649
10.3 Linear Block Codes......Page 652
10.4 Cyclic Codes......Page 661
10.5 Convolutional Codes......Page 674
10.6 Maximum Likelihood Decoding of Convolutional Codes......Page 680
10.7 Trellis-Coded Modulation......Page 688
10.8 Turbo Codes......Page 694
10.9 Computer Experiment: Turbo Decoding......Page 702
10.10 Low-Density Parity-Check Codes......Page 703
10.11 Irregular Codes......Page 711
10.12 Summary and Discussion......Page 713
Notes and References......Page 714
Problems......Page 716
A1.1 Probabilistic Concept......Page 723
A1.2 Random Variables......Page 728
A1.3 Statistical Averages......Page 731
A2.1 Fourier Analysis......Page 735
A2.2 Bandwidth......Page 740
A2.3 Hilbert Transform......Page 743
A2.4 Complex Representation of Signals and Systems......Page 745
A3.2 Properties of the Bessel Function......Page 755
A3.3 Modified Bessel Function......Page 757
Notes and References......Page 759
A4.2 Properties of the Confluent Hypergeometric Function......Page 760
Notes and References......Page 761
A5.1 Secret-Key Cryptography......Page 762
A5.2 Block and Stream Ciphers......Page 764
A5.3 Information-Theoretic Approach......Page 766
A5.4 Data Encryption Standard......Page 771
A5.5 Public-Key Cryptography......Page 775
A5.6 Rivest-Shamir-Adelman System......Page 777
A5.7 Summary and Discussion......Page 779
Notes and References......Page 780
App 6 - Tables......Page 781
A6.1 ASCII code......Page 782
A6.2 Summary of properties of the Fourier transform......Page 783
A6.3 Fourier-transform pairs......Page 784
A6.5 Table of Bessel functions......Page 785
A6.6 The error function......Page 786
A6.8 Trigonometric identities......Page 787
A6.9 Series expansions......Page 788
A6.10 Integrals......Page 789
A6.12 Recommended unit prefixes......Page 790
Conventions and Notations......Page 791
Abbreviations......Page 793
Bibliography......Page 797
Index......Page 812