Common Errors in Statistics (and How to Avoid Them), 2nd Edition

This document was uploaded by one of our users. The uploader already confirmed that they had the permission to publish it. If you are author/publisher or own the copyright of this documents, please report to us by using this DMCA report form.

Simply click on the Download Book button.

Yes, Book downloads on Ebookily are 100% Free.

Sometimes the book is free on Amazon As well, so go ahead and hit "Search on Amazon"

Praise for the First Edition of Common Errors in Statistics " . . . let me recommend Common Errors to all those who interact with statistics, whatever their level of statistical understanding . . . " --Stats 40 " . . . written . . . for the people who define good practice rather than seek to emulate it." --Journal of Biopharmaceutical Statistics " . . . highly informative, enjoyable to read, and of potential use to a broad audience. It is a book that should be on the reference shelf of many statisticians and researchers." --The American Statistician " . . . I found this book the most easily readable statistics book ever. The credit for this certainly goes to Phillip Good." --E-STREAMS A tried-and-true guide to the proper application of statistics Now in a second edition, the highly readable Common Errors in Statistics (and How to Avoid Them) lays a mathematically rigorous and readily accessible foundation for understanding statistical procedures, problems, and solutions. This handy field guide analyzes common mistakes, debunks popular myths, and helps readers to choose the best and most effective statistical technique for each of their tasks. Written for both the newly minted academic and the professional who uses statistics in their work, the book covers creating a research plan, formulating a hypothesis, specifying sample size, checking assumptions, interpreting p-values and confidence intervals, building a model, data mining, Bayes' Theorem, the bootstrap, and many other topics. The Second Edition has been extensively revised to include: * Additional charts and graphs * Two new chapters, Interpreting Reports and Which Regression Method? * New sections on practical versus statistical significance and nonuniqueness in multivariate regression * Added material from the authors' online courses at statistics.com * New material on unbalanced designs, report interpretation, and alternative modeling methods With a final emphasis on both finding solutions and the great value of statistics when applied in the proper context, this book is eminently useful to students and professionals in the fields of research, industry, medicine, and government.

Author(s): Phillip I. Good James W. Hardin
Edition: 2
Publisher: Wiley
Year: 2006

Language: English
Pages: 269
Tags: Математика;Теория вероятностей и математическая статистика;Математическая статистика;Прикладная математическая статистика;

COMMON ERRORS IN STATISTICS (AND HOW TO AVOID THEM)......Page 4
Contents......Page 8
Preface......Page 12
PART I FOUNDATIONS......Page 16
1. Sources of Error......Page 18
Fundamental Concepts......Page 19
Ad Hoc, Post Hoc Hypotheses......Page 22
What Is a Hypothesis?......Page 28
How precise must a hypothesis be?......Page 29
Null hypothesis......Page 31
Neyman–Pearson Theory......Page 32
Deduction and Induction......Page 36
Losses......Page 37
Decisions......Page 39
To Learn More......Page 40
Preparation......Page 42
Measuring Devices......Page 43
Determining Sample Size......Page 46
Fundamental Assumptions......Page 51
Experimental Design......Page 53
Four Guidelines......Page 54
To Learn More......Page 57
PART II HYPOTHESIS TESTING AND ESTIMATION......Page 60
Desirable and Not-So-Desirable Estimators......Page 62
Interval Estimates......Page 66
Improved Results......Page 70
To Learn More......Page 71
5. Testing Hypotheses: Choosing a Test Statistic......Page 72
Comparing Means of Two Populations......Page 74
Comparing Variances......Page 82
Comparing the Means of K Samples......Page 86
Higher-Order Experimental Designs......Page 88
Contingency Tables......Page 94
Inferior Tests......Page 95
Before You Draw Conclusions......Page 96
To Learn More......Page 99
6. Strengths and Limitations of Some Miscellaneous Statistical Procedures......Page 102
Bootstrap......Page 103
Bayesian Methodology......Page 104
Meta-Analysis......Page 111
To Learn More......Page 114
Fundamentals......Page 116
Tables......Page 119
Standard Error......Page 120
p-Values......Page 125
Confidence Intervals......Page 126
Recognizing and Reporting Biases......Page 128
Drawing Conclusions......Page 130
To Learn More......Page 131
With A Grain of Salt......Page 134
Rates and Percentages......Page 137
Interpreting Computer Printouts......Page 138
The Soccer Data......Page 140
Five Rules for Avoiding Bad Graphics......Page 141
One Rule for Correct Usage of Three-Dimensional Graphics......Page 148
The Misunderstood Pie Chart......Page 150
Two Rules for Effective Display of Subgroup Information......Page 151
Two Rules for Text Elements in Graphics......Page 155
Multidimensional Displays......Page 156
Summary......Page 158
To Learn More......Page 159
PART III BUILDING A MODEL......Page 160
Model Selection......Page 162
Estimating Coefficients......Page 170
Further Considerations......Page 172
Summary......Page 175
To Learn More......Page 177
11. Alternate Methods of Regression......Page 178
Least Absolute Deviation Regression......Page 179
Errors-in-Variables Regression......Page 180
Quantile Regression......Page 184
The Ecological Fallacy......Page 185
To Learn More......Page 187
Caveats......Page 190
General Linearized Models......Page 193
Reporting Your Results......Page 196
A Conjecture......Page 197
Decision Trees......Page 198
Building a Successful Model......Page 200
To Learn More......Page 201
13. Validation......Page 202
Methods of Validation......Page 203
Measures of Predictive Success......Page 206
Long-Term Stability......Page 208
To Learn More......Page 209
Appendix A......Page 210
Appendix B......Page 220
Glossary, Grouped by Related but Distinct Terms......Page 234
Bibliography......Page 238
Author Index......Page 258
Subject Index......Page 264