Written by leading researchers in the field, Cognitive Neuroscience: The Biology of the Mind shows how the complex processes of the mind--language, memory, attention, feelings--are enabled by the underlying biology of the brain. Relying on patient studies and case histories rather than lab experiments on animals, the authors explore the underlying neurological chemistry behind critical human diseases, such as Alzheimer's and Parkinson's, and suggests various treatments. A series of interviews with other researchers bring the science to life as they discuss their pathbreaking discoveries and speculate about new frontiers for the discipline.
Author(s): by Wikibooks contributors
Edition: 1
Language: English
Pages: 185
Introduction......Page 4
Defining Cognitive Psychology......Page 5
The role of the brain......Page 6
Links......Page 7
Insight......Page 8
Problem Solving as a Search Problem......Page 9
Restructuring by Using Analogies......Page 10
Schema......Page 11
How do Experts Solve Problems?......Page 12
Adaptation As a Result of Natural Selection......Page 13
Altruism......Page 14
(Iterative) Prisoner's Dilemma......Page 15
Evolution of Consciousness......Page 16
Neuropsychology and Consciousness......Page 18
Hemineglect[21]......Page 20
Problem Solving and Consciousness......Page 21
Review......Page 22
References......Page 23
Links......Page 24
From selection to sociality......Page 25
Kin Selection......Page 26
Reciprocal Alturism......Page 27
Social Cognition......Page 28
Understanding intentional action......Page 29
Shared intentionality......Page 31
References......Page 32
Introduction......Page 33
Areas where it is used......Page 34
Problems which can occur......Page 35
CAT......Page 36
Common Uses of the MRI Procedure......Page 37
PET......Page 38
Electromagnetic Recording Methods......Page 39
EEG......Page 40
MEG......Page 41
Mechanisms......Page 42
Future of TMS......Page 43
Customized neuropsychological assessment......Page 44
Techniques for Modeling Brain-Behaviour Relationships......Page 45
References......Page 46
Introduction......Page 47
Motivation - about drives and motives......Page 48
What is an emotion?......Page 49
James-Lange Theory......Page 50
The Neural Correlate of Emotion......Page 51
The Cerebral Cortex......Page 52
Anatomy......Page 53
Emotional conditioning......Page 54
Journals......Page 55
Links......Page 56
What is memory?......Page 57
Classification by information type......Page 58
Most important brain structures responsible for memory......Page 59
Sensory Memory......Page 60
Short Term Memory......Page 61
Working Memory......Page 62
Long Term Memory......Page 63
Implicit Memory......Page 64
Sources......Page 65
Memory......Page 66
Short term/long term Memory......Page 67
Sensory Memory......Page 68
Acquisition of language......Page 70
Diseases......Page 71
Links......Page 72
How is it?......Page 73
Abstract......Page 74
How is spatial knowledge encoded?......Page 75
Theory......Page 76
Size and the Visual Field......Page 77
References......Page 78
Further Reading......Page 79
Links......Page 80
Historical review on Psycholinguistics & Neurolinguistics......Page 81
Characteristic features......Page 82
Forms of Communication......Page 83
Experiments......Page 84
Can the characteristic language features be found in non-human communication?......Page 85
Language features – Syntax and Semantics......Page 86
Syntax......Page 87
The Syntax-First Approach of Parsing......Page 88
Using Language......Page 89
Language, Culture and Cognition......Page 90
What is the connection between language and cognition?......Page 91
References......Page 92
Introduction......Page 94
Functional asymmetry......Page 95
Handedness......Page 97
Neurological Perspective......Page 98
Psychological Perspective......Page 99
Visual Language Processing......Page 100
The processing of written language in reading......Page 101
The processing of written language in spelling......Page 102
Left hemisphere dominance......Page 103
Visual versus Auditory Language Processing......Page 104
Findings from other language systems......Page 105
Neuropsychological research of sign language......Page 106
References & Further Reading......Page 107
Introduction......Page 109
Explanation of similarities in comprehension performances across modalities......Page 110
Space......Page 111
Causation......Page 112
Protagonists and Objects......Page 113
Early Computational Model......Page 114
Event-Indexing Model......Page 115
Levels of Representation in Language and Text Comprehension......Page 116
KIWi-Model......Page 117
Instrumental Inference......Page 118
Integrating Inferences into Situation Models......Page 119
References......Page 120
Links......Page 124
Historical and Philosophical Aspects......Page 125
Categories in our Life......Page 126
Exemplar Approach......Page 127
Affecting Factors on Categorization......Page 128
Collins and Quillian's Model......Page 129
Spreading Activation......Page 130
Criticism......Page 131
Representation of Concepts in Networks......Page 132
Operation of Connectionist Networks......Page 133
Propositions......Page 134
Knowledge Representation (KR) in Computational Models of Cognition......Page 135
Frame Problem......Page 136
Intertranslation between KR Formalisms......Page 137
Differences in Anatomy and Chemistry......Page 138
Experiments with Patients with other Brain-Lesions......Page 139
Experiments with Neurologically Intact Individuals......Page 140
Do the Hemispheres Differ in What or How They Process?......Page 141
Individual Factors may Influence Lateralization......Page 142
Gender......Page 143
Knowledge Representation......Page 144
Hemispheric Specialisation......Page 145
Introduction......Page 146
The Descriptive Approach......Page 147
Effects of Culture on Deductive Reasoning......Page 148
Forms of conditionla syllogisms......Page 149
Stating the Four – Card task in real – world terms: the role of ‘Regulations’......Page 150
An evolutionary approach to the Four – Card – problem: The role of ‘Cheating’......Page 151
Inductive Reasoning......Page 152
How reliable are conclusions reached through induction?......Page 153
Processes and constraints of inductive reasoning......Page 154
So, why inductive reasoning at all?......Page 155
Situation Models......Page 156
Executive Functions......Page 157
Deficits in initiation, cessation and control of action......Page 158
Deficits in cognitive estimation......Page 159
Deficits in goal directed behavior......Page 160
What characterizes goal directed behavior?......Page 161
Executive dysfunction and goal directed behavior......Page 162
Role of Working Memory......Page 164
Use of Scripts......Page 165
Executive functions......Page 166
Methods......Page 168
Experimental Cognitive Psychology......Page 169
Cognitive Neuropsychology......Page 170
Cognitive Science......Page 171
Cognitive Neuroscience......Page 172
Converging operations......Page 173
Unifying Theories......Page 174
Levels of Analysis......Page 175
Links......Page 176
PDF Information & History......Page 177
Image Credits......Page 178
1. APPLICABILITY AND DEFINITIONS......Page 179
2. VERBATIM COPYING......Page 180
4. MODIFICATIONS......Page 181
6. COLLECTIONS OF DOCUMENTS......Page 183
10. FUTURE REVISIONS OF THIS LICENSE......Page 184
External links......Page 185
