Coasts, Estuaries and Lakes: Implications for Sustainable Development

Foreword
Foreword
Foreword
Foreword
Foreword
Preface
Contents
About the Editors
Part I: Coastal, Estuarine and Lake (Brackish) Environments: Introduction, Definition, Processes and Dynamics
Chapter 1: Bibliometric Analysis of the Literature on Coastal Sediment Pollution
1.1 Introduction
1.2 Methods
1.2.1 Data Collection
1.2.2 Bibliometric Analysis Using VosViewer Software
1.3 Results and Discussions
1.3.1 Chronology of Publications from 1892 to 2022
1.3.1.1 Type of Publications
1.3.1.2 Research Category
1.3.1.3 Evolution of Publication Rate by Year
1.3.2 Bibliometric Analysis Using VOSviewer
1.3.2.1 Visualization Map/Network Visualization Based on Text Data
1.3.2.2 Overlay Map/Overlay Visualization Based on Text Data
1.3.2.3 Density Heat Map/Density Visualization Based on Text Data
Density Visualization Map
1.3.2.4 Visualization Map and Density Map Based on Bibliographic Data
1.4 Conclusions
References
Chapter 2: Coastal Flooding in India: An Overview
2.1 Introduction
2.2 Coastal Flood Risk Along Indian Coast: Monsoon, Climate, and Cyclones
2.3 Classification of Coastal Flooding in India
2.3.1 Flooding Due to Storm Surges
2.3.2 Sea-Level Rise (SLR) and Associated Chances of Coastal Flooding
2.3.3 Remote Forcing: Swell-Induced Coastal Flooding
2.3.3.1 Kallakkadal
2.4 Recent Coastal Flooding Along SW Coast of India
2.5 Conclusions
References
Part II: Water Quality/Hydrological Processes
Chapter 3: Appraisal of Coastal Water Quality of Two Hot Spots on Southwest Coast of India: A Case Study of Multi-Year Biogeochemical Observations
3.1 Introduction
3.2 Methodology
3.2.1 Study Area
3.2.1.1 Kochi: Weather, Rainfall, Demography, and Land Use Pattern
3.2.1.2 Mangalore: Weather, Rainfall, Demography, and Land Use Pattern
3.2.2 Sampling Locations and Periodicity
3.2.3 Data and Materials Used
3.2.4 Assessment of Eutrophication Status
3.3 Results and Discussion
3.3.1 Kochi Hotspot (CH)
3.3.2 Mangalore Hotspot (MH)
3.3.3 Marine Biology
3.3.3.1 Kochi Hotspot
3.3.3.2 Mangalore Hotspot
3.3.4 Microbiology
3.3.4.1 Kochi Hotspot
3.3.4.2 Mangalore Hotspot
3.3.4.3 Kochi Hotspot
3.3.4.4 Mangalore Hotspot
3.4 Conclusions
References
Chapter 4: Assessment of Water Quality from the Gundlakamma Estuary, Andhra Coast, Southeast Coast of India
4.1 Introduction
4.2 Study Area
4.3 Methodology
4.4 Results and Discussion
4.4.1 Potential Hydrogen (pH)
4.4.2 Total Dissolved Solids (TDS)
4.4.3 Salinity
4.4.4 Dissolved Oxygen (DO)
4.4.5 Calcium (Ca)
4.4.6 Chloride (Cl)
4.4.7 Sodium (Na)
4.4.8 Potassium (K)
4.5 Factor Analysis (FA)
4.6 Conclusions
References
Chapter 5: Evaluation of Physicochemical Parameters of Coastal Water from Pennar River Estuary, East Coast of India: An Integrated Approach
5.1 Introduction
5.2 Study Area
5.3 Methodology
5.4 Results and Discussions
5.4.1 pH
5.4.2 Temperature (°C)
5.4.3 Electrical Conductivity (EC) (μmho/cm)
5.4.4 Salinity (ppt)
5.4.5 Dissolved Oxygen (DO) (mg/l)
5.4.6 Organic Matter (OM) (mg/l)
5.4.7 Nitrates (mg/l)
5.4.8 Sulphates (mg/l)
5.5 Multiple Statistical Analysis
5.5.1 Pearson’s Correlation Analysis
5.5.2 Factor Analysis (FA)
5.5.2.1 Factor – 1 (EC – Salinity – pH – Sulphates – BWT Assemblage)
5.5.2.2 Factor – 2 (AT-Nitrates Assemblage)
5.5.2.3 Factor – 3 (DO-OM Assemblage)
5.5.3 Hierarchical Cluster Analysis (HCA)
5.6 Conclusion
References
Chapter 6: Climatic Variability and Anthropogenic Forcing on Marine Ecosystems: Evidence from the Lakshadweep Archipelago
6.1 Introduction
6.2 Marine Archives
6.3 Resilience of Corals to Rising Sea Surface Temperature
6.4 Study Area
6.4.1 Geomorphology and Geology
6.4.2 Climate Variability in and Around the Lakshadweep Archipelago
6.5 Methodology
6.5.1 Coral Chronology and Isotope Records
6.5.2 The SST and Nino 3.4 Index
6.6 Rainwater Sampling
6.7 Result and Discussion
6.7.1 The Variability in Regional SST
6.7.2 Analysis of Coralline δ11B Records and Ocean pH Variability
6.7.3 Erosion Associated with Sea-Level Rise
6.7.4 Evidence of Cyclonic Activity on Rainwater Isotope from Minicoy Island
6.8 Summary and Conclusions
6.9 Recommendations
References
Part III: Sediment Characteristics
Chapter 7: Geochemical Characterization of Suspended Sediments in the Nethravati Estuary, Southwest Coast of India: Insights to Redox Processes, Metal Sorption, and Pollution Aspect
7.1 Introduction
7.2 Materials and Methods
7.2.1 Study Area
7.2.2 Sampling Strategy and Analytical Techniques
7.3 Results
7.3.1 General Physicochemical Characteristics of Water in the Nethravati Estuary
7.3.2 Particulate Elemental Concentrations in the Nethravati Estuary
7.3.3 Enrichment of Metals in SPM of the Nethravati Estuary
7.4 Discussion
7.4.1 Seasonal Variability of Particulate Elemental Concentrations in the Tropical Estuary
7.4.2 Geochemical Processes Controlling the Particulate Metal Abundance in Tropical Estuary
7.4.2.1 Oxidation and Reduction of Metal Species
7.4.2.2 Adsorption of Metals with Oxide Particles
7.4.3 Heavy Metal Concentrations in Tropical Estuaries of India
7.5 Conclusions
References
Chapter 8: Geochemical Studies of Ilmenite from Bhimunipatnam to Konada Coastal Sands, East Coast of India, North Andhra Pradesh, India
8.1 Introduction
8.2 The Study Area’s Geology and Location
8.3 Materials and Methods
8.3.1 Heavy Mineral Analysis
8.3.2 Grain Picking
8.3.3 Sample Preparation
8.3.4 Analytical Techniques
8.4 Results and Discussion
8.4.1 Distribution of Heavy Minerals
8.4.2 Ilmenite
8.5 Conclusions
References
Chapter 9: Study of Beach Sand from Harihareshwar, Shrivardhan, and Diveagar Beach of Raigad District, Maharashtra, India
9.1 Introduction
9.2 Study Area
9.3 Physiography of the Area
9.4 Geology of the Study Area
9.5 Materials and Methods
9.5.1 Stability of Minerals
9.6 Results and Discussion
9.6.1 Harihareshwar Beach (HB) (Fig. 9.3a)
9.6.2 Shrivardhan Beach (SB) (Fig. 9.3b)
9.6.3 Diveagar Beach (DB) (Fig. 9.3c)
9.7 Conclusion
References
Chapter 10: Impact of Seasonal Sediment Dynamics on Beach Morphology: A Case Study from the Govindampalli–Durgarajupatnam Coast, East Coast of India
10.1 Introduction
10.2 Study Area
10.2.1 Geology and Geomorphology
10.3 Methodology
10.3.1 Beach Surveying Method
10.4 Results and Discussion
10.4.1 Temporal Variations in Sedimentation Trends from December 2015 to June 2017 Seasons
10.4.2 Govindampalli Segment
10.4.2.1 Govindampalli-North (GP-N) Profile
10.4.2.2 Govindampalli-South (GP-S)
10.4.3 Tupilipalem Segment
10.4.3.1 Tupilipalem Beach-North (TP-N)
10.4.3.2 Tupilipalem-South (TP-S)
10.4.4 Durgarajupatnam Segment
10.4.4.1 Durgarajupatnam Beach-North (DP-N)
10.4.4.2 Durgarajupatnam Beach-South (DP-S)
10.4.5 Sweep Zones
10.4.6 Beach Slopes
10.4.7 Inferences
10.5 Conclusions
References
Chapter 11: Heavy Minerals Studies of Coastal Sands from Bavanapadu to Kalingapatnam, Andhra Pradesh, East Coast of India
11.1 Introduction
11.2 Study Area
11.3 Methodology
11.4 Results and Discussion
11.4.1 Distribution of Heavy Minerals Percentages
11.4.2 Comparative Abundance of Heavy Minerals
11.4.3 Along Shore Variation of Individual Minerals
11.5 Conclusion
References
Chapter 12: Mineral Chemistry of Ilmenites as a Source Indicator for Coastal Sediments Between Vamsadhara and Nagavali River Mouth, North Coastal, Andhra Pradesh
12.1 Introduction
12.2 Study Area and Regional Geology
12.3 Methodology
12.3.1 Sample Collection and Preparation
12.4 Results
12.5 Conclusions
References
Chapter 13: Major and Trace Elements in the Sediments of the Gollumutta Paya Estuary of the Krishna River, East Coast of India
13.1 Introduction
13.2 The Study Area
13.3 Geology of the Krishna River Basin
13.4 Methodology
13.5 Results and Discussion
13.5.1 Major and Trace Elements
13.5.2 Major Elements
13.5.2.1 Iron (Fe)
13.5.2.2 Manganese (Mn)
13.5.2.3 Aluminum (Al)
13.5.3 Trace Elements
13.5.3.1 Lithium (Li)
13.5.3.2 Beryllium (Be)
13.5.3.3 Vanadium (V)
13.5.3.4 Chromium (Cr)
13.5.3.5 Cobalt (Co)
13.5.3.6 Nickel (Ni)
13.5.3.7 Copper (Cu)
13.5.3.8 Zinc (Zn)
13.5.3.9 Arsenic (As)
13.5.3.10 Rubidium (Rb)
13.5.3.11 Strontium (Sr)
13.5.3.12 Silver (Ag)
13.5.3.13 Cadmium (Cd)
13.5.3.14 Cesium (Cs)
13.5.3.15 Barium (Ba)
13.5.3.16 Lead (Pb)
13.5.3.17 Titanium (Ti)
13.5.3.18 Uranium (U)
13.6 Conclusions
References
Part IV: Biodiversity/Bio-indicators/Ecological Studies
Chapter 14: Assessment of Trace Metal Contamination in Saccostrea cucullata (Born, 1778) from the Coast of South Andaman Island, India
14.1 Introduction
14.2 Materials and Methods
14.2.1 Study Site
14.2.2 Methodology
14.3 Results
14.3.1 Abundance and Distribution
14.3.2 Analysis of Dry and Wet Weight
14.3.3 Trace Metal Analysis
14.3.4 Bioconcentration Factor
14.3.5 Comparative Studies
14.4 Discussion
14.5 Conclusion
References
Chapter 15: Analytical Approach of Haematology in Variation to Physical Parameters of Indian Mackerel and Yellowfin Tuna from Indian Waters
15.1 Introduction
15.2 Materials and Methods
15.2.1 Study Sites
15.2.2 Methodology
15.3 Results
15.3.1 Physio-chemical Parameters
15.3.2 Haematological Parameters
15.4 Discussion
15.5 Conclusion
References
Chapter 16: Geochemistry of Mollusc Shells as Proxies of Marine Pollution, East Coast of India
16.1 Introduction
16.2 Study Area
16.3 Methods
16.4 Results and Discussion
16.5 Conclusion
References
Chapter 17: Sedimentary Structures of Tidal Flats in Recent Chandipur East Coast of Odisha, India
17.1 Introduction
17.2 Study Area
17.2.1 Lithology
17.2.2 Morphology
17.3 Methodology
17.3.1 Scope of the Work
17.4 Results and Discussion
17.4.1 Surface Sedimentary Structures
17.4.1.1 Straight Crested and Sinuous Ripples
17.4.1.2 Cuspate and Lunate Ripples
17.4.1.3 Linguoid Ripple
17.4.1.4 Ladder-Back Ripple
17.4.1.5 Double-Crested and Flattop Ripples
17.4.1.6 Superimposed Ripple and Microbial Mats
17.4.2 Beach Environment
17.4.2.1 Backshore Environment
17.4.2.2 Foreshore Environment
17.4.3 Aeolian Environments
17.5 Conclusions
References
Part V: Climate Change and Anthropocene
Chapter 18: Coastal EV Index: A Case Study of Kuwaiti Coast
18.1 Introduction
18.2 Literature Review
18.3 Impact on Coastal Erosion Due to Sea-Level Rise and Possible Adoption Principles
18.4 Methodology for Assessment of EV Index (EVI)
18.5 Data for the Present Study
18.5.1 Wave Height Data
18.5.2 Landside Slope of the Beach
18.5.3 Beach Soil Properties
18.6 Results and Discussions
18.7 Management Options to Deal with Coastal Erosion
18.8 Application of EVI Study for Preparing the Strategy for Future Adaptation Plan
18.9 Conclusions
References
Chapter 19: Total Suspended Matter Variability in Response to Tropical Cyclone Titli Along Coastal Waters of Southeast India Using Satellite Observations: Implications to Climate Change
19.1 Introduction
19.2 Data and Methods
19.3 Results and Discussion
19.4 Conclusions
References
Chapter 20: Climate Change and Its Impact on Depletion of Oxygen Levels on Coastal Waters and Shallow Seas
20.1 Introduction
20.2 Objectives of the Study
20.2.1 The Present Study Has the Following Objectives
20.3 Research Methodology
20.4 Background Literature
20.5 The Effect of Climate Warming on Lakes and Seas’ Oxygen Levels
20.6 Climate Warming and Warming of Coastal Seas and Estuaries
20.7 Climate Warming and Continental Waters
20.8 Climate Warming and Rise in Sea Level
20.9 Warming of the Climate and Oxygen Solubility in Water
20.10 Climate Change and Stratification of Water
20.11 Proper Monitoring of Oceans and Seas
20.12 Prediction of Decline in Oxygen
20.13 Suggestions for Work Direction in Future
20.14 Conclusion
20.15 Recommendation
References
Chapter 21: Nanoparticle-Based Bioremediation for Crude Oil Removal from Marine Environment
21.1 Introduction
21.1.1 Advancement in the Properties of Spilled Oil
21.2 Nanoparticles Enhancing Bioremediation Process
21.2.1 Types of Nano-size Particles
21.2.2 Approaches for the Formation of Nanoparticles
21.2.3 Physiochemical and Biological Approach for the Formation of Nanostructured Particles
21.2.4 Plant-Based Marine Nanoparticle
21.2.5 Marine-Microbes-Based Nanoparticles
21.3 Types of Nanoparticles Involved in Petroleum Degradation
21.4 Bioaugmentation and Its Application to Bioremediation Process
21.4.1 Cell Immobilization
21.4.2 Carrier Attached to the Biofilms
21.4.3 Uses of Cell Immobilization
21.4.4 Surfactants That Enhance the Bioremediation Process
21.5 Biostimulation
21.6 Future Prospects and Conclusion
References
Part VI: Socio-economic Scenarios Related to Sustainable Development
Chapter 22: Impact of COVID-19 Pandemic on Coastal Tourism of Andaman Isles, India: Sustainable Development Scenario
22.1 Introduction
22.2 Location
22.3 Materials and Methods
22.4 Tourist Attractions in the ANI
22.5 Havelock Islands
22.6 Baratang Island
22.6.1 Neil Island
22.6.2 Port Blair
22.7 Socioeconomic Fallout Versus Government Involvement
22.7.1 Cluster Analysis
22.8 Conclusion
References
Chapter 23: Spatial Planning for Sustainable Resource Use with a Special Reference to Aquaculture Development
23.1 Introduction
23.2 Environmental Issues Due to Uncontrolled Aquaculture Development
23.3 Spatial Planning of Aquaculture
23.4 Monitoring Aquaculture Development Using Spatial Tools
23.5 Conclusion
References
Chapter 24: Sustainable Aquaculture and Economic Development in Coastal Areas: The Case of Andhra Pradesh, India
24.1 Introduction
24.2 Methodology
24.3 Geographical Profile of State Andhra Pradesh
24.4 Results and Discussion
24.4.1 Development of Aquaculture in Andhra Pradesh
24.4.2 Fishermen Population in the State of Andhra Pradesh
24.4.3 Marine and Inland Fishery Resources
24.4.4 Factor Analysis (FA)
24.4.5 Analysis of Growth Rate in Fish Production
24.5 Summary
24.6 Conclusion
References
Chapter 25: Marine and Coastal Ecosystem Services for Sustainable Development
25.1 Introduction
25.1.1 Ecosystem
25.2 Marine Ecosystem
25.2.1 Classification of Marine Species
25.2.2 Components of Marine Diversity
25.3 Marine and Coastal Ecosystem Services
25.3.1 Types of Marine and Coastal Ecosystem Services
25.3.2 Climate Impact on the Marine Ecosystem
25.3.3 Impacts of Human Activities on Global Marine Environment
25.3.4 Climates Partial Stabilisation
25.3.5 Protection of Wave Erosion on the Coast
25.3.6 Preservation of Biodiversity
25.4 Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs)
25.4.1 Effects of Ecosystem Services on SDGs
25.4.2 Ocean Sustainability and Sustainable Development
25.4.3 Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs) for Marine and Coastal Ecosystem
25.4.4 Ocean and Coastal Sustainability Indicators
25.5 Conclusion
References
Part VII: Application of Geospatial Tools
Chapter 26: Advanced Remote Sensing Methods for High-Resolution, Cost-Effective Monitoring of the Coastal Morphology Using Video Beach Monitoring System (VBMS), CoastSnap, and CoastSat Techniques
26.1 Introduction
26.2 Study Area
26.2.1 Installation and Setup of VBMS and CoastSnap Stations
26.2.1.1 VBMS – Valiyathura
26.2.1.2 VBMS – Varkala
26.2.1.3 CoastSnap – Adimalathura
26.3 Data and Methodology
26.3.1 Data Products
26.3.2 Methodology
26.3.2.1 VBMS
26.3.2.2 CoastSnap
26.3.2.3 CoastSat
26.4 Results and Discussion
26.4.1 Beach State Conditions from VBMS
26.4.1.1 VBMS – Valiyathura
26.4.1.2 VBMS – Varkala
26.4.2 Shoreline Change Analysis from CoastSnap – Adimalathura
26.4.3 Shoreline Change Analysis Using CoastSat
26.5 Conclusions
References
Chapter 27: Coastal Morphodynamics and Environmental Variables of Ennore Creek: An Integrated Approach
27.1 Introduction
27.1.1 Creek Mouth and Water Quality
27.2 Objectives
27.3 Study Area
27.4 Environmental Issues of the Ennore Creek
27.4.1 Socioeconomic Survey
27.4.1.1 Environmental Issues
27.5 Creek Mouth Analysis Through Remote Sensing
27.5.1 Decadal Analysis of the Creek Width Changes
27.5.2 Monthly Variations of the Ennore Creek Mouth
27.6 Water Quality Analysis of the Creek
27.7 Conclusions
References
Chapter 28: A Study on Dynamics of Krishna River Mouth, East Coast of India: A Geospatial Approach
28.1 Introduction
28.2 Geology of the Study Area
28.3 Shore Currents
28.4 Waves
28.5 Sediments
28.6 Weather
28.7 Efficacy of the Data (Table 28.1)
28.8 Methodology
28.9 Results and Discussion
28.10 Conclusion
References
Chapter 29: Non-monsoonal Coastal Erosion Due to the Tropical Cyclone (OCKHI) and Its Impacts Along Thiruvananthapuram Coast, Southwest Coast of India – A Geospatial Approach
29.1 Introduction
29.1.1 The OCKHI Cyclone – Origin, Growth and Dissipation
29.1.2 Societal Impacts of Cyclone OCKHI Along Southwest Coast of India
29.2 Study Area
29.3 Data and Methodology
29.3.1 Satellite Data
29.3.2 Methodology
29.4 Results and Discussion
29.4.1 Short-Term Shoreline Change Analysis Using Satellite Imagery
29.4.2 Site-Specific Data Collection Through Field Survey
29.5 Discussion and Conclusions
References
Index