Cluster Processes in Gases and Plasmas

Cluster Processes in Gases and Plasmas......Page 5
Contents......Page 7
Preface......Page 11
1 Introduction......Page 13
Part I Cluster Properties and Cluster Processes......Page 15
2 Fundamentals of Large Clusters......Page 17
2.1 Models for Large Clusters and Processes with Their Participation......Page 18
2.2 Stability of Charged Metal Clusters......Page 29
2.3 Macroscopic Solid Particles with a Pairwise Interaction of Atoms......Page 35
2.4 Macroscopic Solid Surfaces......Page 46
2.5 Thermodynamics of Large Liquid Clusters in Parent Vapor......Page 59
3 Structures of Solid Clusters with Pairwise Atomic Interaction......Page 65
3.1 Clusters of Close-Packed Structures......Page 66
3.2 Icosahedral Cluster Structures......Page 84
3.3 Competition between Cluster Structures......Page 100
4 Elementary Processes and Processes in Gases Involving Clusters......Page 111
4.1 Cluster Collision Processes......Page 112
4.2 Attachment of Atoms to Clusters and Cluster Evaporation......Page 118
4.3 Cluster Heat Processes in Gases......Page 132
4.4 Combustion and Catalytic Processes in Gases Involving Clusters......Page 134
5 Clusters in External Fields......Page 143
5.1 Electric Properties of Large Clusters......Page 144
5.2 Radiative Processes Involving Small Particles......Page 155
5.3 Resonance Absorption of Metal Clusters......Page 164
5.4 Radiative Processes in the Heat Balance and Relaxation of Clusters......Page 177
5.5 Hot Clusters as Light Sources......Page 180
Part II Cluster Processes in Gases......Page 185
6.1 Transport of Large Clusters in Gases......Page 187
6.2 Dynamics of Cluster Motion in Gases......Page 196
6.3 Cluster Motion in Gas Flows......Page 201
6.4 Pairwise Association of Clusters Limited by Motion in a Gas......Page 211
7.1 Attachment of Ions to Clusters in Dense Gas......Page 217
7.2 Field of a Charged Cluster in Dense Ionized Gas......Page 224
7.3 Attachment of Ions to Clusters in Rare Gas......Page 231
7.4 Kinetics of Cluster Charging in Ionized Gas......Page 246
8.1 Ionization Equilibrium for Large Metal Clusters......Page 251
8.2 Electron Thermoemission of Metal Clusters......Page 260
8.3 Ionization Equilibrium for Large Dielectric Clusters......Page 269
9 Kinetics of Cluster Growth......Page 277
9.1 Cluster Growth Involving Free Atoms......Page 279
9.2 Kinetics of Cluster Coagulation......Page 292
9.3 Cluster Growth During Gas Expansion in a Vacuum......Page 296
9.4 Cluster Growth through Coalescence......Page 299
9.5 Heat Regime of Cluster Growth......Page 306
9.6 Cluster Growth in a Hot Gas with Metal-Containing Molecules......Page 312
Part III Complex Plasma......Page 323
10.1 Particles in the Positive Column of Glow Discharge......Page 325
10.2 Particles in Traps of Gas Discharge......Page 330
10.3 Structures of Particles in Dusty Plasma......Page 339
11 Aerosol Plasma......Page 343
11.1 Growth and Charging of Aerosol Particles in an External Electric Field......Page 344
11.2 Electrical Processes in Aerosol Plasma......Page 353
11.3 Growth of Fractal Structures Involving Solid Clusters......Page 366
12 Cluster Plasma......Page 375
12.1 Clusters in a Dense Arc Plasma......Page 376
12.2 Laser Generation of Metal Clusters......Page 382
12.3 Generation of Clusters from a Metal Surface......Page 388
12.4 Generation of Metal Clusters in Magnetron Discharge......Page 397
12.5 Cluster Flow through an Exit Orifice......Page 410
12.6 Instability of Cluster Plasma......Page 413
13 Conclusion......Page 419
A.1 The Effective Hydrodynamic Radius......Page 425
A.2 Capacity (C)......Page 427
A.3 Polarizability......Page 428
Appendix B Conversion Factors of Cluster Physics......Page 431
Appendix C Thermodynamic Parameters of Elements......Page 433
References......Page 435
Index......Page 443