The sixth edition of this popular favorite is ideal for board review, as well as for clinical reference on neurologic illnesses that can cause or mimic psychiatric symptoms. First it reviews anatomic neurology, describes how to approach patients with suspected neurologic disorders and correlates physical signs. Then it addresses clinical areas such as relevant history, easily performed examinations, differential diagnosis, and management approaches, and reviews psychiatric comorbidity. Abundant line drawings, CTs, MRIs, and EEGs demonstrate key clinical findings to facilitate diagnosis. And, more than 1,600 review questions help you to test and enhance your mastery of the material.
- Describes each condition's relevant history, neurologic and psychiatric features, easily performed office and bedside examinations, appropriate tests, differential diagnosis, and management options.
- Includes over 1,600 review questions and cases to help you prepare for the neurology section of the Psychiatry Board exam.
- Uses an accessible writing style and a logical, easy-to-reference organization.
- Includes reviews of public policy towards neurologic conditions, such as the persistent vegetative state and use of narcotics for chronic pain, important practice issues you may face.
- Offers thorough updates and the following NEW topics:
- Descriptions of altered mental status, including the minimally responsive state and minimal cognitive impairment
- Neurotoxins, including marine toxins
- Nutritional deficiencies and errors of metabolism, especially involving homocysteine
- Psychiatric co-morbidity of epilepsy, migraine, multiple sclerosis, Parkinson's disease, stroke, Tourette's disease, and other neurologic illnesses
- Standard clinical assessment tools, such as the Alzheimer's Disease Assessment Scale Cognitive Section (ADAS-Cog) and the Epworth Sleepiness Scale
- Recently introduced treatments for common neurologic illnesses: * Deafness: cochlear implant * Epilepsy: antiepileptic drugs, deep brain stimulation, and vagus nerve stimulation *Involuntary movements: deep brain stimulation * Multiple sclerosis: immunomodulators and their complications * Chronic pain: stimulators, opioid maintenance, adjuvant medications * Uses of psychiatric medications for neurologic illnesses, such as antidepressants for migraine, chronic pain, and peripheral neuropathy; and antipsychotic agents for dementia and epilepsy
- Improved art program that better highlights clinicalclues.
- A new two-color format.
Author(s): David Myland Kaufman MD
Series: Major Problems in Neurology
Edition: 6th ed
Publisher: Saunders/Elsevier
Year: 2007
Language: English
Pages: 662
City: Philadelphia
Copyright.pdf......Page 2
Dedication.pdf......Page 3
Acknowledgments......Page 4
Notes About References......Page 5
Physician‐Readers, Please Note......Page 6
Additions and other Changes for the Sixth Edition......Page 7
One Caveat......Page 8
Examination......Page 9
Formulation......Page 10
Responding To Consultations......Page 11
Signs of Cerebral Hemisphere Lesions......Page 12
Signs of Damage of the Dominant, Nondominant, or Both Cerebral Hemispheres......Page 13
Signs of Basal Ganglia Lesions......Page 15
Signs of Brainstem Lesions......Page 17
Signs of Cerebellar Lesions......Page 18
Illnesses that Affect the Cerebellum......Page 20
Discrete Injuries......Page 21
Neurologic Illnesses......Page 23
The Neurologist's Role......Page 25
Gait Impairment......Page 26
Sensory Deficits......Page 27
Potential Pitfalls......Page 30
References......Page 32
Olfactory (First)......Page 33
Optic (Second)......Page 34
Oculomotor, Trochlear, Abducens Nerves (Third, Fourth, Sixth)......Page 35
Trigeminal (Fifth)......Page 40
Facial (Seventh)......Page 41
Acoustic (Eighth)......Page 44
Bulbar: Glossopharyngeal, Vagus, Spinal Accessory Nerves (Ninth, Tenth, Eleventh)......Page 45
Bulbar Palsy......Page 46
Pseudobulbar Palsy......Page 47
Hypoglossal (Twelfth)......Page 48
Questions and Answers......Page 50
Mononeuropathies......Page 66
Mononeuritis Multiplex......Page 68
Guillain-Barreacute Syndrome......Page 69
Toxic-Metabolic Disorders......Page 71
Aging Related Changes......Page 72
Nutritional Deficiencies......Page 73
Infectious Diseases......Page 74
Volatile Substance Exposure......Page 75
Amyotrophic Lateral Sclerosis......Page 76
Orthopedic Disturbances......Page 78
Web Sites......Page 80
References......Page 81
Questions and Answers......Page 82
Neuromuscular Transmission Impairment......Page 91
Clinical Features......Page 92
Lambert-Eaton Syndrome and Botulism......Page 93
Nerve Gas and Other Wartime Issues......Page 94
Muscle Disease (Myopathy)......Page 95
Myotonic Dystrophy......Page 96
Polymyositis......Page 98
Metabolic Myopathies......Page 99
Mitochondrial Myopathies......Page 100
Neuroleptic Malignant Syndrome (NMS)......Page 101
Electromyography......Page 102
References......Page 103
Questions and Answers......Page 105
Amnesia......Page 115
Normal Aging......Page 116
Macroscopic and Microscopic Changes......Page 117
Causes and Classifications......Page 118
Alzheimer's Disease Assessment Scale (ADAS)......Page 119
Further Testing......Page 120
Laboratory Evaluation......Page 121
Cognitive Decline......Page 122
Physical Signs......Page 123
Pathology......Page 124
Biochemical Abnormalities......Page 125
Risk Factors and Genetic Causes......Page 126
Dementia......Page 127
Other Symptoms......Page 128
Dementia with Lewy Bodies (DLB)......Page 129
Injuries......Page 130
Frontotemporal Dementia......Page 131
Vascular Dementia......Page 132
Other Causes of Dementia in Alcoholics......Page 133
Normal Pressure Hydrocephalus......Page 134
Neurosyphilis......Page 135
Creutzfeldt-Jakob and Related Diseases......Page 136
Other Spongiform Encephalopathies......Page 137
Lyme Disease......Page 138
Treatment......Page 139
AIDS-Induced Cerebral Lesions......Page 140
Characteristics......Page 141
Hepatic Encephalopathy......Page 143
HIV-Associated Dementia......Page 144
Miscellaneous......Page 145
Questions and Answers......Page 146
Handedness......Page 161
The Perisylvian Language Arc......Page 162
Clinical Evaluation......Page 163
Localization and Etiology......Page 164
Associated Deficits......Page 165
Associated Deficits......Page 166
Conduction Aphasia......Page 167
Other Disorders......Page 168
Gerstmann's Syndrome......Page 169
Apraxia......Page 170
Hemi-Inattention......Page 171
Aprosody......Page 174
Split-Brain Syndrome......Page 175
References......Page 176
Case 5......Page 178
Treatment......Page 187
Migraine with Aura......Page 188
Psychiatric Comorbidity......Page 189
Other Subtypes of Migraine......Page 191
Proposed Causes of Migraine......Page 192
Acute Treatment......Page 193
Chronic Daily Headaches......Page 194
Temporal Arteritis/Giant Cell Arteritis......Page 195
Idiopathic Intracranial Hypertension (Pseudotumor Cerebri)......Page 196
MAOIs and Hemorrhage......Page 197
References......Page 198
Questions and Answers......Page 200
Normal and Abnormal......Page 206
Seizures......Page 207
Toxic-Metabolic Encephalopathy......Page 208
Dementia......Page 209
Psychiatric Disturbances and Psychotropics......Page 210
Partial Elementary Seizures......Page 211
EEG and Etiology......Page 212
Etiology......Page 213
Sex, Violence, and Aggression......Page 214
Depression......Page 215
Bipolar Disorder......Page 216
Psychosis......Page 217
Personality Traits......Page 218
Other Tests......Page 219
AEDs......Page 220
AEDs and Pregnancy......Page 221
Surgery......Page 222
Absences......Page 223
EEG, Etiology, and Treatment......Page 224
Etiology......Page 225
Febrile Seizures......Page 226
Episodic Dyscontrol Syndrome/Intermittent Explosive Disorder......Page 227
Sleep Disorders......Page 228
Surgery......Page 229
Interictal Comorbidities and Their Treatment......Page 230
Testing......Page 231
Questions and Answers......Page 232
Laboratory Tests......Page 244
Basilar Artery TIAs......Page 246
Transient Global Amnesia......Page 248
Risk Factors......Page 249
Thrombosis and Embolus......Page 250
Infarctions in the Basilar Artery Distribution......Page 251
Neuropsychologic Sequelae......Page 252
Depression......Page 253
Altered Levels of Consciousness......Page 254
Locked-In Syndrome......Page 255
Persistent Vegetative State......Page 256
Therapy......Page 257
References......Page 258
Artery......Page 260
Questions and Answers......Page 269
Abnormalities of the Lens, Retina, and Optic Nerve......Page 270
Optic Nerve......Page 272
Open-Angle Glaucoma......Page 273
Anton's Syndrome......Page 274
Agnosia......Page 275
Psychogenic Blindness......Page 276
Visual Hallucinations......Page 277
Visual Field Loss......Page 278
Conjugate Ocular Movement......Page 279
Saccades and Pursuit Movement......Page 282
Diplopia......Page 283
Horner's Syndrome and Argyll-Robertson Pupils......Page 285
References......Page 286
Cerebral Palsy......Page 297
Spastic CP......Page 298
Extrapyramidal CP......Page 300
Upper Neural Tube Closure Defects......Page 301
Lower Neural Tube Closure Defects......Page 302
Tuberous Sclerosis......Page 303
Neurofibromatosis......Page 304
Sturge-Weber Syndrome......Page 305
Phenylketonuria (PKU) (Chromosome 12)......Page 306
Prader-Willi and Angelman Syndromes (Chromosome 15)......Page 307
Down Syndrome (Trisomy 21)......Page 308
Fragile X Syndrome......Page 309
Turner's Syndrome (X0)......Page 310
Klinefelter's Syndrome (XXY)......Page 311
References......Page 312
Questions and Answers......Page 314
Pain Varieties......Page 319
Central Pathways......Page 320
Analgesic Pathways......Page 321
Nonopioid Analgesics......Page 322
"Addiction"......Page 323
Chronic Opioid Treatment Debate......Page 324
Other Treatments Directed at the Peripheral or Central Pathways......Page 325
Placebos, Hypnosis, and Behavioral Therapies......Page 326
Postmastectomy Axillary Pain......Page 327
Postherpetic Neuralgia......Page 328
Phantom Limb Pain......Page 329
Low Back Pain......Page 330
References......Page 331
Questions and Answers......Page 332
Etiology......Page 337
Sensory Disturbances......Page 338
Ocular Impairments......Page 339
Spinal Cord Symptoms and Signs......Page 340
Fatigue and Other Important Symptoms......Page 341
Depression......Page 342
Imaging Studies......Page 343
Cerebrospinal Fluid......Page 344
Evoked Responses......Page 345
Steroid Psychosis......Page 346
Infections......Page 347
Lupus Erythematosus......Page 348
Multiple Sclerosis......Page 349
Other Illnesses......Page 350
Questions and Answers......Page 351
Neurologic Impairment......Page 357
Medical Treatment of Erectile Dysfunction......Page 359
Cervical and Thoracic Spinal Cord Injury......Page 361
Diabetes Mellitus......Page 362
Medication-Induced Impairment......Page 363
The Kluumlver-Bucy Syndrome......Page 364
Other Conditions......Page 365
References......Page 366
Questions and Answers......Page 367
NREM Sleep......Page 373
Patterns......Page 375
Sleep Deprivation......Page 376
Effects of Age......Page 377
Intrinsic Sleep Disorders......Page 378
Narcolepsy......Page 379
Sleep Apnea......Page 381
Periodic Limb Movement Disorder......Page 382
Restless Legs Syndrome......Page 383
Circadian Rhythm Disorders......Page 384
Sleepwalking......Page 386
Sleep-Wake Transition Disorders......Page 387
Mood Disorders......Page 388
Dementia......Page 389
Fatal Familial Insomnia......Page 390
Treatment of Insomnia......Page 391
References......Page 392
Questions and Answers......Page 394
General Considerations......Page 402
Parkinson's Disease......Page 404
Depression......Page 405
Treatment of Comorbid Depression......Page 406
Dementia......Page 407
Psychosis......Page 409
Pathology of Parkinson's Disease......Page 410
Oxidative Stress......Page 411
Medication-Induced Parkinsonism......Page 412
L-Dopa......Page 413
Dopamine Agonists......Page 414
Surgery......Page 415
Huntington's Disease......Page 416
Clinical Features......Page 417
Pathology......Page 420
Sydenham's Chorea......Page 422
Hemiballismus......Page 423
Wilson's Disease......Page 424
Early-Onset Primary Dystonia......Page 425
Secondary Generalized Dystonia......Page 426
Cranial Dystonias......Page 427
Cervical Dystonias......Page 430
Essential Tremor......Page 431
Other Tremors......Page 432
Gilles de la Tourette's (Tourette's) Disorder......Page 433
Comorbid Psychiatric Conditions......Page 434
Etiology......Page 435
Myoclonus......Page 436
Acute Dystonias......Page 437
Oral-Buccal-Lingual Variety......Page 438
Treatment......Page 439
Tardive Dystonia......Page 440
Other Medications......Page 441
Common Psychogenic Movements......Page 442
Movements as a Manifestation of Psychiatric Illnesses......Page 444
Summary......Page 445
Parkinson's Disease and Parkinsonism......Page 446
Essential Tremor......Page 447
Psychogenic Movement Disorders......Page 448
Questions and Answers......Page 450
Gliomas......Page 466
Primary Cerebral Lymphoma......Page 467
Signs of Increased Intracranial Pressure......Page 468
Direct Effects of Tumors......Page 469
Medication and Other Treatment......Page 470
Paraneoplastic Syndromes......Page 471
Pituitary Adenomas......Page 472
Spine Metastases......Page 474
Other Causes of Limb Weakness......Page 475
Disorders that Resemble Brain Tumors......Page 476
References......Page 477
Questions and Answers......Page 478
Lumbar Puncture......Page 486
Computed Tomography......Page 487
Magnetic Resonance Imaging......Page 490
Positron Emission Tomography......Page 491
Interventional Radiology......Page 493
Web sites for Neuroimaging......Page 505
Questions and Answers......Page 506
Anatomy......Page 511
Dopamine Responsive Dystonia (DRD)......Page 512
Medication-Induced Parkinsonism......Page 513
Anatomy......Page 514
Synthesis and Metabolism......Page 515
Synthesis and Metabolism......Page 516
Conditions Due to Reduced ACh Activity in the CNS......Page 517
Receptors......Page 518
Conditions Due to Changes in NMDA Activity......Page 519
Pharmacology......Page 520
Withdrawal......Page 521
Overdose......Page 522
Treatment......Page 523
Neurotransmitters......Page 524
Drug Abuse......Page 525
Questions and Answers......Page 526
Intracerebral Bleeding......Page 537
Foreign Bodies......Page 538
Physical Sequelae......Page 539
Cognitive Impairment......Page 540
Depression......Page 541
Nonaccidental Head Injury......Page 542
Head Trauma in Sports......Page 543
Postconcussion Syndrome......Page 544
Treatment and Recovery......Page 545
Symptoms......Page 546
References......Page 547
Questions and Answers......Page 549
Chemical and Biologic Neurotoxins......Page 553
Spasmodic Torticollis......Page 554
Costs of Various Tests and Treatments*......Page 555
fig......Page 556
Outline placeholder......Page 552
fig......Page 557
Outline placeholder......Page 558
Additional Review Questions and Answers......Page 559
fig......Page 648
Index.pdf......Page 649
