Reflecting tremendous gains over the past decade in our understanding of the causes of autism, Clinical Manual for the Treatment of Autism meets the increasing need for clear, up-to-date, and evidence-based treatment. Internationally known researchers who are also skilled in treating patients with autism share treatment approaches they have either developed or thoroughly tested for safety and efficacy. The book describes in a straightforward manner how to diagnose autism, providing examples and guidelines for evaluation and testing of individuals of all ages and levels of functioning. It then evaluates the appropriate role of various medications for specific target symptoms and individuals: SSRIs and antidepressants, anticonvulsants and mood stabilizers, conventional and atypical antipsychotics, cholinesterase inhibitors, and stimulants and nonstimulants. In addition to pharmacological approaches, the book presents psychosocial treatments, including applied behavior analysis, the DIR/Floortime approach, peer relationship interventions, and educational approaches. It also describes complementary and alternative therapies and explores promising new avenues of treatment, making it a state-of-the-art compendium that will help advance the care that people with autism receive.
Author(s): and Evdokia Anagnostou, Eric Hollander, M.D., Eric Hollander, M.D., Evdokia Anagnostou
Edition: 1
Publisher: American Psychiatric Publishing
Year: 2007
Language: English
Pages: 337
Contents......Page 6
Contributors......Page 14
Foreword......Page 20
Historical Background......Page 24
The DSM-IV Field Trial......Page 31
Alternative Approaches to Classification......Page 32
Areas of Diagnostic Controversy......Page 36
Clinical Diagnostic Assessment and Differential Diagnosis......Page 40
Conclusions......Page 44
References......Page 45
2 Evaluation and Testing for Autism......Page 50
Diagnostic Evaluations......Page 53
Assessment of Core Autism Spectrum Disorder Domains......Page 61
Other Critical Domains for Assessment......Page 63
References......Page 67
3 Treatment of Autism With Selective Serotonin Reuptake Inhibitors and Other Antidepressants......Page 74
Mechanism of Action......Page 75
Rationale for Use of Selective Serotonin Reuptake Inhibitors in the Treatment of Autism......Page 76
Serotonin Reuptake Inhibitors: Clomipramine......Page 78
Selective Serotonin Reuptake Inhibitors......Page 80
Serotonin-Norepinephrine Reuptake Inhibitors......Page 87
Conclusions and Future Directions......Page 88
References......Page 99
4 Treatment of Autism With Anticonvulsants and Mood Stabilizers......Page 104
Comorbid Disorders in Autism......Page 105
Mechanism of Action of Anticonvulsants......Page 107
Clinical Evidence for Anticonvulsant Efficacy in Autism......Page 108
Conclusions......Page 115
References......Page 116
5 Treatment of Autism With Antipsychotics......Page 122
Rationale for the Use of Antipsychotics in Autism......Page 123
Conventional Antipsychotics......Page 124
Atypical Antipsychotics......Page 127
References......Page 139
6 Cholinesterase Inhibitor Therapy in Patients With Autism Spectrum Disorders......Page 144
History of Cholinesterase Inhibitors......Page 145
Cholinergic Mechanisms in Autism......Page 146
Treatment Experience With Cholinesterase Inhibitors in Autism......Page 147
Conclusions......Page 150
References......Page 151
7 Stimulants and Nonstimulants in the Treatment of Hyperactivity in Autism......Page 154
Stimulants......Page 157
Alpha-Adrenergic Agonists......Page 160
Antidepressants......Page 163
Amantadine......Page 165
Naltrexone......Page 166
Antipsychotics......Page 167
References......Page 170
8 Applied Behavior Analysis in the Treatment of Autism......Page 176
Research on Applied Behavior Analysis and Models of Service Delivery......Page 178
Applied Behavior Analysis Intervention Methods......Page 184
Conclusions......Page 192
References......Page 193
9 The Developmental Individual-Difference, Relationship-Based (DIR/Floortime) Model Approach to Autism Spectrum Disorders......Page 202
The DIR/Floortime Model......Page 203
The DIR/Floortime Assessment......Page 205
Core Psychological Deficit in Autism and the Developmental Pathways to Joint Attention, Pattern Recognition, Theory of Mind, Language, and Thinking......Page 206
The DIR/Floortime Intervention Program......Page 212
Selected Research on the DIR/Floortime Model and Outcome Studies......Page 219
References......Page 228
10 Educational Approaches for Autism—TEACCH......Page 234
Background and Structure of TEACCH......Page 235
Core Principles and Values......Page 237
Applications of TEACCH Methods and Strategies......Page 240
Treatment Effectiveness......Page 249
References......Page 252
11 Peer Relationships of Children With Autism: Challenges and Interventions......Page 258
Peer Interaction Challenges for Children With Autism......Page 259
Peer Relations, Social Acceptance, and Inclusion......Page 262
Peer Interventions and Autism......Page 264
Predictors and Correlates of Treatment Response......Page 272
Conclusions......Page 273
References......Page 274
12 Complementary and Alternative Therapies for Autism......Page 282
Helping Parents Make Informed Choices About CAM Treatments......Page 283
Specific CAM Therapies......Page 286
References......Page 303
13 Promising New Avenues of Treatment and Future Directions for Patients With Autism......Page 312
Pharmacological Treatments......Page 313
Advocacy......Page 317
References......Page 318
A......Page 322
C......Page 325
D......Page 326
E......Page 328
G......Page 329
J......Page 330
M......Page 331
P......Page 332
S......Page 334
T......Page 336
Z......Page 337
