Clinical Guide to Musculoskeletal Medicine: A Multidisciplinary Approach

Foreword
Foreword
Preface
Acknowledgments
Contents
Contributors
Part I: Head and Face
1: Sports-Related Facial Trauma
1.1 Description
1.2 Facial Anatomy
1.3 Evaluation
1.3.1 Sideline Primary Evaluation
1.3.2 Secondary Survey
1.4 Management of Soft Tissue Injuries
1.5 Orbital Fractures
1.6 Nasal Fractures
1.6.1 Zygomaticomaxillary Complex Fractures (ZMC)
1.6.2 Mandible Fractures
1.6.3 Dentoalveolar Fractures/Tooth Avulsion
References
2: Concussion
2.1 Synonyms
2.2 ICD 10 Codes
2.3 Description
2.3.1 Mechanism of Injury
2.4 Clinical Presentation
2.5 Physical Examination
2.5.1 Concussion Assessment at Sideline
2.5.1.1 Return to Play Guidelines
2.5.2 Evaluation at Concussion Clinic
2.5.3 Physical Examination
2.6 Diagnostic Workup
2.6.1 CT Scan
2.6.2 MR-Based Imaging
2.6.3 Serum Biomarkers
2.6.4 Neuropsychological Testing
2.7 Treatment
2.7.1 Medical Management
2.7.2 Rehabilitation
2.7.2.1 Cognitive Behavioral Therapy
2.7.2.2 Aerobic Exercise
2.7.2.3 Vestibular Rehabilitation
References
Part II: Spine
3: Back Pain: Strain and Myofascial Pain
3.1 Synonyms
3.2 ICD-10 Codes
3.3 Description
3.3.1 Trigger Point
3.4 Clinical Presentation
3.4.1 Myofascial Pain
3.4.2 Muscle Strain
3.5 Physical Examination
3.6 Diagnostic Workup
3.6.1 Myofascial Pain
3.6.2 Muscle Strain
3.7 Treatments
3.7.1 Medical Management
3.7.1.1 Muscle Strain
3.7.1.2 Myofascial Pain
3.7.2 Rehabilitation
3.7.2.1 Myofascial Pain
Myofascial Release (MFR)
Physical Therapy
Spray and Stretch Technique
3.7.2.2 Muscle Strain
3.7.3 Procedures
3.7.3.1 Trigger Point Injection
3.7.3.2 Acupuncture
3.7.3.3 Orthobiologics
3.7.4 Surgery
3.7.4.1 Myofascial Pain
3.7.4.2 Muscle Strain
References
4: Back Pain: Discogenic
4.1 Synonyms
4.2 ICD 10 Code
4.3 Description
4.4 Clinical Presentation
4.5 Physical Examination
4.6 Diagnostic Workup
4.6.1 X-Rays
4.6.2 MRI
4.6.3 Discography
4.7 Treatments
4.7.1 Medical Management
4.7.2 Rehabilitation
4.7.3 Procedures
4.7.3.1 Steroid Injections
4.7.3.2 Intradiscal PRP
4.7.3.3 Other Intradiscal Interventions
4.7.3.4 Intraosseous Radiofrequency Ablation of the Basivertebral Nerve
4.7.4 Surgery
References
5: Back Pain: Facet Syndrome
5.1 Synonyms
5.2 ICD 10 – Code
5.3 Description
5.3.1 Anatomy
5.4 Clinical Presentation
5.5 Physical Examination
5.6 Diagnostic Workup
5.6.1 Imaging
5.6.2 Diagnostic Injections
5.7 Treatment
5.7.1 Medical Management
5.7.2 Rehabilitation
5.7.3 Procedures
5.7.3.1 Intra-Articular Steroid Injection
5.7.3.2 Intra-Articular Biologics
5.7.3.3 Radiofrequency Medial Branch Ablation (RFA)
5.7.3.4 Prolotherapy
5.7.4 Surgery
References
6: Back Pain: Sacroiliac Joint Pain
6.1 Synonyms
6.2 ICD-10
6.3 Definition
6.3.1 Anatomy [1, 17]
6.3.2 Etiology
6.3.3 Symptoms
6.3.4 Physical Examination
6.3.5 Diagnostic Workup
6.4 Treatment
6.4.1 Medical Management
6.4.2 Rehabilitation
6.4.3 Procedure
6.4.4 Surgery
References
7: Back Pain: Vertebrogenic
7.1 Synonyms
7.2 ICD-10 Codes
7.3 Description
7.4 Clinical Presentation
7.5 Physical Examination
7.6 Diagnostic Workup
7.7 Treatment
References
8: Neck Pain: Whiplash and Cervicogenic Headache
8.1 Synonyms
8.2 ICD-10 Codes
8.3 Description
8.4 Clinical Presentation
8.4.1 Cervicogenic Headache Presentation
8.4.1.1 Diagnostic Criteria
8.4.2 Whiplash-Associated Injury Presentation
8.5 Physical Examination
8.6 Diagnostic Workup
8.7 Treatment
8.7.1 Medical Management
8.7.2 Rehabilitation
8.7.3 Procedures
8.7.3.1 Cervical Medial Branch Radiofrequency Ablation (RFA)
8.7.3.2 Occipital Nerve Blocks
8.7.3.3 Trigger Point Injection and Botulinum Toxin
8.7.3.4 Regenerative Medicine/Biologics
8.7.4 Surgery
References
9: Spinal Stenosis
9.1 Synonyms
9.2 ICD-10
9.3 Description
9.4 Clinical Presentation
9.5 Physical Examination
9.5.1 Special Maneuvers
9.6 Diagnostic Workup
9.7 Treatments
9.7.1 Medical Management
9.7.2 Rehabilitation
9.7.2.1 Lumbar Spinal Stenosis
9.7.2.2 Thoracic Spinal Stenosis
9.7.2.3 Cervical Spinal Stenosis
9.7.2.4 Treatment Modalities
9.7.3 Procedures
9.7.4 Minimally Invasive Percutaneous Procedures
9.7.5 Surgery
References
10: Disk Herniation and Radiculopathy
10.1 Cervical Radiculopathy
10.1.1 Synonyms
10.1.2 ICD-10 Codes
10.1.3 Description
10.1.4 Clinical Presentation
10.1.5 Physical Examination
10.1.5.1 Special Maneuvers
10.1.6 Diagnostic Workup
10.1.7 Treatment
10.1.7.1 Medical Management
10.1.7.2 Rehabilitation
10.1.7.3 Procedures
10.1.7.4 Surgery
10.2 Thoracic Radiculopathy
10.2.1 Synonyms
10.2.2 ICD-10 Codes
10.2.3 Description
10.2.4 Clinical Presentation
10.2.5 Physical Examination
10.2.6 Diagnostic Workup
10.2.7 Treatment
10.2.7.1 Medical Management
10.2.7.2 Rehabilitation
10.2.7.3 Procedures
10.2.7.4 Surgery
10.3 Lumbar Radiculopathy
10.3.1 Synonyms
10.3.2 ICD-10 Codes
10.3.3 Description
10.3.4 Clinical Presentation
10.3.5 Physical Examination
10.3.5.1 Special Maneuvers
10.3.6 Diagnostic Workup
10.3.7 Treatments
10.3.7.1 Medical Management
10.3.7.2 Rehabilitation
10.3.7.3 Procedures
Emerging Therapies
10.3.7.4 Surgery
References
11: Failed Back Syndrome
11.1 ICD-10 Codes
11.2 Definition
11.3 Etiology
11.4 Symptoms
11.5 Physical Examination
11.6 Diagnostic Workup
11.7 Treatments
11.7.1 Medical Management
11.7.2 Rehabilitation
11.7.3 Procedures
11.7.3.1 Sacral-Mediated Pain
11.7.3.2 Facet-Mediated Pain
11.7.3.3 Radiculopathy
11.7.3.4 Neuromodulation
11.8 Surgery
References
12: Spinal Deformities: Kyphosis and Scoliosis
12.1 Kyphosis
12.1.1 ICD 10
12.1.2 Synonyms
12.1.3 Description
12.1.4 Symptoms
12.1.5 Physical Examination
12.1.6 Diagnostic Studies
12.1.6.1 Plain Films
12.1.6.2 MRI/CT
12.1.7 Treatment
12.1.7.1 Medical Management
12.1.7.2 Rehabilitation
12.1.7.3 Procedures
12.1.7.4 Surgery
12.2 Scoliosis
12.2.1 ICD 10
12.2.2 Synonyms
12.2.3 Description
12.2.4 Clinical Presentation
12.2.5 Physical Examination
12.2.6 Diagnostic Workup
12.2.6.1 Plain Films
12.2.6.2 CT Scan
12.2.6.3 Ultrasound
12.2.7 Treatment
12.2.7.1 Medical Management
12.2.7.2 Bracing
12.2.7.3 Rehabilitation
12.2.7.4 Procedures
12.2.7.5 Surgery
References
13: Spine Dislocations and Fractures
13.1 Cervical Spine Trauma and Injuries
13.1.1 Synonyms
13.1.2 ICD 10 Code
13.1.3 Description
13.1.4 Clinical Presentation
13.1.5 Physical Examination
13.1.6 Diagnostic Workup
13.1.7 Treatments
13.1.7.1 Medical Management
13.1.7.2 Rehabilitation
13.1.8 Procedures
13.1.9 Surgery
13.2 Thoracic and Lumbar Vertebral Fractures
13.2.1 Synonyms
13.2.2 ICD 10 Code
13.2.3 Description
13.2.4 Clinical Presentation
13.2.5 Physical Examination
13.2.6 Diagnostic Workup
13.2.7 Treatments
13.2.7.1 Medical Management
13.2.7.2 Rehabilitation
13.2.8 Procedures
13.2.9 Surgery
13.3 Spondylolysis and Spondylolisthesis
13.3.1 Synonyms
13.3.2 ICD 10 Code
13.3.3 Description
13.3.4 Clinical Presentation
13.3.5 Physical Examination
13.3.6 Diagnostic Workup
13.3.7 Treatments
13.3.7.1 Medical Management
13.3.7.2 Rehabilitation
13.3.8 Procedures
13.3.9 Surgery
13.4 Sacral/Coccyx Fractures
13.4.1 Synonyms
13.4.2 ICD 10 Code
13.4.3 Description
13.4.4 Clinical Presentation
13.4.5 Physical Examination
13.4.6 Diagnostic Workup
13.4.7 Treatments
13.4.7.1 Medical Management
13.4.7.2 Rehabilitation
13.4.8 Procedures
13.4.9 Surgery
References
Cervical Spine Trauma and Injuries
Thoracic and Lumbar Vertebral Fractures
Spondylolysis and Spondylolisthesis
Sacral/Coccyx Fractures
14: Minimally Invasive Spine Procedures
14.1 Minimally Invasive Lumbar Decompression (Mild® Procedure)
14.1.1 CPT
14.1.2 Description
14.1.3 Surgical Technique
14.2 Vertiflex® Procedure (Interspinous Spacer)
14.2.1 CPT
14.2.2 Description
14.2.3 Surgical Technique
14.2.4 Recovery and Rehabilitation
14.3 Percutaneous Sacroiliac Fusion
14.3.1 CPT
14.3.2 Description
14.3.3 Surgical Technique
14.3.4 Recovery and Rehabilitation
14.4 Percutaneous Lumbar Discectomy
14.4.1 CPT
14.4.2 Description
14.4.3 Surgical Technique
14.4.4 Recovery and Rehabilitation
14.5 Vertebral Augmentation
14.5.1 Definition
References
15: Endoscopic and Minimally Invasive Spine Surgery
15.1 Description
15.1.1 Minimally Invasive Spine Surgery
15.1.2 Microscopic Spine Surgery
15.1.3 Endoscopic Spine Surgery
15.1.4 Full Endoscopic Spine Surgery
15.1.5 Microendoscopy Spine Surgery
15.1.6 Biportal Endoscopy
15.2 MIS and Endoscopic Surgeries in C-Spine
15.2.1 Cervical Microscopic Foraminotomy
15.2.2 Cervical Endoscopic Decompression
15.2.3 Cervical Myelopathy
15.3 MIS and Endoscopic Surgeries in L-Spine
15.3.1 Lumbar Discectomy
15.3.1.1 Lumbar Microdiscectomy
15.3.1.2 Lumbar MIS Discectomy
15.3.1.3 Lumbar Endoscopic Discectomy
15.3.2 Lumbar Spinal Stenosis
15.3.2.1 MIS Lumbar Decompression
15.3.2.2 Endoscopic Lumbar Decompression
15.3.3 Lumbar Spinal Instability
15.3.3.1 MIS Lumbar Fusion
15.4 Postoperative Rehabilitation
References
16: Spine Surgeries
16.1 Lumbar Decompression
16.1.1 Introduction
16.1.2 Indications
16.1.3 Technique
16.1.4 Complications
16.1.5 Outcomes
16.2 Laminoplasty
16.2.1 Introduction
16.2.2 Indications
16.2.3 Technique
16.2.4 Complications
16.2.5 Outcomes
16.3 Microdiscectomy
16.3.1 Introduction
16.3.2 Indications
16.3.3 Technique
16.3.4 Complications
16.3.5 Outcomes
16.4 Anterior Cervical Discectomy and Fusion (ACDF)
16.4.1 Introduction
16.4.2 Indications
16.4.3 Technique
16.4.4 Complications
16.4.5 Outcomes
16.5 Cervical Foraminotomy
16.5.1 Introduction
16.5.2 Indications
16.5.3 Technique
16.5.4 Complications
16.5.5 Outcomes
16.6 Lumbar Fusion
16.6.1 Introduction
16.6.2 ALIF
16.6.3 TLIF and PLIF
16.6.4 Complications
16.6.5 Outcomes
16.7 Disk Replacement
16.7.1 Introduction
16.7.2 Indications
16.7.3 Technique
16.7.4 Complications
16.7.5 Outcomes
16.8 Coccygectomy
16.8.1 Introduction
16.8.2 Technique
16.8.3 Complications
16.8.4 Outcomes
16.9 Deformity Surgery
16.9.1 Introduction
16.9.2 Indications
16.9.3 Technique
16.9.4 Complications
16.9.5 Outcomes
References
Part III: Trunk and Pelvis
17: Chest Wall Disorders
17.1 Sternoclavicular Joint Dislocations
17.1.1 Synonyms
17.1.2 ICD-10 Codes
17.2 Description
17.2.1 Anatomy
17.3 Clinical Presentation
17.4 Physical Examination
17.5 Diagnostic Workup
17.6 Treatment
17.6.1 Medical Management
17.6.2 Rehabilitation
17.6.3 Procedures
17.6.4 Surgery
17.7 Pectoralis Major Tear
17.7.1 Synonyms
17.7.2 ICD 10 Codes
17.7.3 Description
17.7.4 Clinical Presentation
17.7.5 Physical Examination
17.7.6 Diagnostic Workup
17.8 Treatment
17.8.1 Medical Management
17.8.2 Rehabilitation
17.8.3 Procedures
17.8.4 Surgery
17.9 Costochondral Pain
17.9.1 Synonyms
17.9.2 ICD 10
17.9.3 Description
17.9.4 Clinical Presentation
17.9.5 Physical Examination
17.9.6 Diagnostic Workup
17.9.7 Treatments
17.9.7.1 Medical Management
17.9.7.2 Rehabilitation
17.9.8 Procedures
17.9.9 Surgery
17.10 Rib Fractures
17.10.1 Description
17.10.2 Clinical Presentation
17.10.3 Physical Examination
17.10.4 Diagnostic Workup
17.10.5 Treatment
17.10.5.1 Medical Management
17.10.5.2 Rehabilitation
17.10.6 Procedures
17.10.7 Surgical
17.11 Costovertebral Joint Dysfunction
17.11.1 Description
17.11.2 Clinical Presentation
17.11.3 Physical Examination
17.11.4 Diagnostic Workup
17.11.5 Treatment
17.11.5.1 Medical Management
17.11.5.2 Rehabilitation
17.11.6 Procedures
17.11.7 Surgery
17.12 Chest Wall Deformities
17.12.1 Synonyms
17.12.2 ICD-10 Codes
17.12.3 Description
17.12.4 Clinical Presentation
17.12.5 Physical Examination
17.12.6 Diagnostic Workup
17.12.7 Treatment
17.12.7.1 Medical Management
17.12.7.2 Rehabilitation
17.12.8 Procedures
17.12.9 Surgery
17.13 Intercostal Neuralgia
References
18: Pubalgia and Groin Pain in Athletes
18.1 Synonyms
18.2 ICD-10 Codes
18.3 Description
18.3.1 Groin Anatomy/Biomechanics
18.3.2 Epidemiology
18.3.3 Nomenclature/Taxonomy
18.3.4 Risk Factors
18.4 Clinical Presentation
18.5 Physical Examination
18.6 Diagnostic Workup
18.7 Treatments
References
19: Pelvic Fracture
19.1 Pelvic Fractures
19.2 Stable Pelvic Injuries
19.3 Unstable Injuries
19.4 Rehabilitation
19.5 Sacroiliac Fusion
References
20: Coccydynia
20.1 Synonyms
20.2 ICD-10 Codes
20.3 Description
20.4 Etiology of Coccydynia
20.5 Clinical Presentation
20.6 Physical Examination
20.7 Diagnostic Imaging
20.8 Treatment
20.8.1 Medical Management
20.8.2 Rehabilitation
20.8.3 Procedures
20.8.4 Surgery
References
Part IV: Shoulder
21: Anterior and Lateral Shoulder Disorders
21.1 Acromioclavicular (AC) Joint Injuries
21.1.1 Synonyms
21.1.2 Description
21.1.2.1 Acute AC Joint Injury
21.1.2.2 Chronic AC Joint Injury
21.1.3 Symptoms
21.1.4 Physical Exam
21.1.5 Diagnostic Workup
21.1.6 Treatments
21.1.6.1 Acute Injury
21.1.6.2 Chronic Injury
21.2 Adhesive Capsulitis (M75.0)
21.2.1 Synonyms
21.2.2 Description
21.2.3 Symptoms
21.2.4 Physical Exam
21.2.5 Diagnostic Workup
21.2.5.1 X-Rays
21.2.5.2 Magnetic Resonance Imaging (MRI)
21.2.5.3 Ultrasound
21.2.6 Treatments
21.2.7 Medical Management
21.2.8 Rehabilitation
21.2.9 Procedures
21.2.10 Surgery
21.3 Proximal Biceps Tendinopathy (M75.22)
21.3.1 Synonyms
21.3.2 Description
21.3.3 Symptoms
21.3.4 Physical Exam
21.3.5 Diagnostic Workup
21.3.5.1 Ultrasound
21.3.5.2 MRI
21.3.6 Treatment
21.4 Shoulder Labral Tear (S43.43)
21.4.1 Synonyms
21.4.2 Description
21.4.3 Symptoms
21.4.3.1 SLAP Tear
21.4.3.2 Bankart Lesions
21.4.4 Physical Examination
21.4.4.1 Active Compression (O’Brien) Test
21.4.4.2 Bicep Load Test
21.4.4.3 New Pain Provocation Test
21.4.4.4 Crank Test
21.4.4.5 Anterior Slide Test
21.4.4.6 Compression-Rotation Test
21.4.4.7 Dynamic Shear Test
21.4.5 Diagnostic Workup
21.4.5.1 X-Rays
21.4.5.2 MRI
21.4.6 Treatment
21.4.6.1 SLAP Tear
References
22: Posterior Shoulder Disorders
22.1 Rotator Cuff Tendinopathy (M67.919)
22.1.1 Synonyms
22.1.2 Description
22.1.3 Clinical Presentation
22.1.4 Physical Exam
22.1.5 Diagnostic Workup
22.1.6 Treatments
22.2 Subacromial Bursitis (M75.50)
22.2.1 Synonyms
22.2.2 Definition
22.2.3 Clinical Presentation
22.2.4 Physical Exam
22.2.5 Diagnostic Workup
22.2.6 Treatment
22.3 Shoulder Impingement Syndrome (M75.40)
22.3.1 Synonyms
22.3.2 Definition
22.3.3 Clinical Presentation
22.3.4 Physical Exam
22.3.5 Diagnostic Workup
22.3.6 Treatments
22.4 Suprascapular Nerve Entrapment (G56.80)
22.4.1 Synonyms
22.4.2 Definition
22.4.3 Clinical Presentation
22.4.4 Physical Exam
22.4.5 Diagnostic Workup
22.4.6 Treatments
22.5 Quadrilateral Space Syndrome (S44.31, S44.32)
22.5.1 Synonyms
22.5.2 Definition
22.5.3 Clinical Presentation
22.5.4 Physical Exam
22.5.5 Diagnostic Workup
22.5.6 Treatments
22.6 Winged Scapula (M95.8)
22.6.1 Synonyms
22.6.2 Definition
22.6.3 Clinical Presentation
22.6.4 Physical Exam
22.6.5 Diagnostic Workup
22.6.6 Treatment
22.7 Scapulothoracic Bursopathy (M75.50)
22.7.1 Synonyms
22.7.2 Definition
22.7.3 Clinical Presentation
22.7.4 Physical Exam [63]
22.7.5 Diagnostic Workup [63]
22.7.6 Treatments
22.8 Snapping Scapula (M24.819)
22.8.1 Synonyms
22.8.2 Definition
22.8.3 Clinical Presentation
22.8.4 Physical Exam [63]
22.8.5 Diagnostic Workup
22.8.6 Treatments
References
23: Shoulder Dislocations and Fractures
23.1 Synonyms
23.2 ICD-10 Codes
23.3 Description
23.3.1 Shoulder Stabilizers
23.4 Shoulder Dislocations
23.4.1 Anterior Shoulder Dislocation
23.4.2 Posterior Shoulder Dislocation
23.4.3 Inferior Shoulder Dislocations
23.5 Shoulder Fractures
23.5.1 Clavicle Fractures
23.5.2 Proximal Humeral Fractures
23.6 Clinical Presentation
23.6.1 Dislocations
23.6.2 Fractures
23.7 Physical Examination
23.7.1 Special Tests
23.8 Diagnostic Workup
23.9 Treatment
23.9.1 Shoulder Dislocation Treatment
23.9.1.1 Glenohumeral Reduction
23.9.1.2 Anterior Glenohumeral Dislocations
23.9.1.3 Posterior Glenohumeral Dislocations
23.9.1.4 Inferior Glenohumeral Dislocations
23.9.2 Rehabilitation
23.9.3 Procedures
23.9.4 Surgery
23.10 Clavicle Fracture Treatments
23.10.1 Medical Management
23.10.2 Rehabilitation
23.10.3 Surgery
23.11 Proximal Humeral Fracture Treatments
23.11.1 Medical Management
23.11.2 Rehabilitation
23.11.3 Surgery
23.12 Scapular Fracture Treatment
23.12.1 Medical Management
23.12.2 Rehabilitation
23.12.3 Surgery
References
24: Shoulder Surgeries
24.1 Soft Tissue and Muscle Injuries
24.1.1 Rotator Cuff Injury
24.1.2 Shoulder Labrum Injury
24.1.3 Pectoralis Major Tendon Injury
24.1.4 Proximal Biceps Tendon Injury
24.2 Shoulder Osteoarthritis
24.2.1 Glenohumeral Osteoarthritis (OA)
24.2.2 Acromioclavicular Osteoarthritis (OA)
24.3 Shoulder Dislocation and Fractures
24.3.1 Clavicle Fracture
24.3.2 Scapula Fracture
24.3.3 Humerus Fracture
24.3.4 Glenohumeral Dislocations
24.3.5 Acromioclavicular Separations/Dislocations
References
Part V: Elbow
25: Anterior Elbow Disorders
25.1 Distal Biceps Tendinopathy at the Elbow
25.1.1 Synonyms
25.1.2 ICD-10 Codes
25.1.3 Description
25.1.3.1 Anatomy
25.1.4 Clinical Presentation
25.1.5 Physical Examination
25.1.6 Special Tests
25.1.7 Diagnostic Workup
25.1.8 Treatments
25.1.8.1 Medical Management
25.1.8.2 Rehabilitation
25.1.8.3 Procedure
25.1.8.4 Surgery
25.2 Distal Biceps Tendon Tear
25.2.1 Synonyms
25.2.2 ICD-10 Codes
25.2.3 Description
25.2.4 Clinical Presentation
25.2.5 Physical Examination
25.2.6 Diagnostic Workup
25.2.7 Treatments
25.2.7.1 Medical Management
25.2.7.2 Rehabilitation
25.2.7.3 Procedures
25.2.7.4 Surgery
25.3 Brachialis Muscle Strain
25.3.1 Synonyms
25.3.2 ICD-10 Code
25.3.3 Description
25.3.3.1 Anatomy
25.3.4 Clinical Presentation
25.3.5 Physical Examination
25.3.6 Diagnostic Workup
25.3.7 Treatments
25.3.7.1 Medical Management
25.3.7.2 Rehabilitation
25.3.7.3 Procedures
25.3.7.4 Surgery
25.4 Elbow Capsular Strain
25.4.1 Synonyms
25.4.2 ICD-10 Code
25.4.3 Description
25.4.4 Clinical Presentation
25.4.5 Physical Examination
25.4.6 Diagnostic Workup
25.4.7 Treatments
25.4.7.1 Medical Management
25.4.7.2 Rehabilitation
25.4.7.3 Procedures
25.4.7.4 Surgery
References
26: Posterior Elbow Disorders
26.1 Olecranon Bursopathy (Bursitis)
26.1.1 Synonyms
26.1.2 ICD-10 Codes
26.1.3 Description
26.1.4 Clinical Presentation
26.1.5 Physical Examination
26.1.6 Diagnostic Workup
26.1.7 Treatments
26.1.7.1 Medical Management
26.1.7.2 Rehabilitation
26.1.7.3 Procedures
26.1.7.4 Surgery
26.2 Posteromedial Elbow Impingement
26.2.1 Synonyms
26.2.2 ICD-10 Codes
26.2.3 Description
26.2.4 Clinical Presentation
26.2.5 Physical Exam
26.2.5.1 Special Tests
26.2.6 Diagnostic Workup
26.2.7 Treatments
26.2.7.1 Medical Management
26.2.7.2 Rehabilitation
26.2.7.3 Procedures
26.2.7.4 Surgery
26.3 Triceps Injury/Tendinopathy
26.3.1 Synonyms
26.3.2 ICD-10 Codes
26.3.3 Description
26.3.4 Clinical Presentation
26.3.5 Physical Examination
26.3.5.1 Special Tests
26.3.6 Diagnostic Workup
26.3.7 Treatments
26.3.7.1 Medical Management
26.3.7.2 Rehabilitation
26.3.7.3 Procedures
26.3.7.4 Surgery
References
27: Lateral Elbow Disorders
27.1 Lateral Epicondylopathy
27.1.1 Synonyms
27.1.2 ICD-10 Codes
27.1.3 Description
27.1.3.1 Anatomy of Lateral Epicondyle
27.1.4 Clinical Presentation
27.1.5 Physical Examination
27.1.6 Diagnostic Workup
27.1.7 Treatments
27.1.7.1 Medical Management
27.1.7.2 Rehabilitation
27.1.7.3 Procedures
27.1.7.4 Surgery
27.2 Osteochondritis Dissecans of the Capitellum
27.2.1 Synonyms
27.2.2 ICD-10 Codes
27.2.3 Description
27.2.4 Clinical Presentation
27.2.5 Physical Examination
27.2.5.1 Diagnostic Workup
27.2.6 Treatments
27.2.6.1 Medical Management
27.2.6.2 Rehabilitation
27.2.6.3 Procedures
27.2.6.4 Surgery
27.3 Osteochondrosis of the Capitellum
27.3.1 Synonyms
27.3.2 ICD-10 Codes
27.3.3 Description
27.3.4 Clinical Presentation
27.3.5 Physical Examination
27.3.6 Diagnostic Workup
27.3.7 Treatments
27.3.7.1 Medical Management
27.3.7.2 Rehabilitation
27.3.7.3 Procedures
27.3.7.4 Surgery
27.4 Lateral Collateral Ligament Complex Injury
27.4.1 Synonyms
27.4.2 ICD-10 Codes
27.4.3 Description
27.4.4 Clinical Presentation
27.4.5 Physical Examination
27.4.6 Diagnostic Workup
27.4.7 Treatments
27.4.7.1 Medical Management
27.4.7.2 Rehabilitation
27.4.7.3 Procedures
27.4.7.4 Surgery
References
28: Medial Elbow Disorders
28.1 Medial Epicondylopathy (Epicondylosis)
28.1.1 Synonyms
28.1.2 ICD-10 Codes
28.1.3 Description
28.1.3.1 Clinical Presentation
28.1.3.2 Physical Examination
28.1.3.3 Diagnostic Work-up
28.1.4 Treatments
28.1.4.1 Medical Management
28.1.4.2 Rehabilitation
28.1.4.3 Procedures
28.1.4.4 Surgery
28.2 Ulnar (Medial) Collateral Ligament Injury
28.2.1 Synonyms
28.2.2 ICD-10 Codes
28.2.3 Description
28.2.4 Clinical Presentation
28.2.5 Physical Examination
28.2.5.1 Special Tests
28.2.5.2 Diagnostic Workup
28.2.6 Treatments
28.2.6.1 Medical Management
28.2.6.2 Rehabilitation
28.2.6.3 Procedures
28.2.6.4 Surgery
References
29: Elbow Joint Dislocations and Fractures
29.1 Elbow Dislocation
29.1.1 ICD-10 Codes
29.1.2 Synonyms
29.1.3 Definition
29.1.4 Symptoms
29.1.5 Physical Exam
29.1.6 Diagnostic Workup
29.1.7 Treatments
29.1.7.1 Elbow Reduction Maneuvers
29.1.7.2 Splinting
29.1.7.3 Medical Management
29.1.7.4 Rehabilitation
29.1.7.5 Procedures
29.1.7.6 Surgery
29.2 Elbow Fractures
29.2.1 Synonyms
29.2.2 ICD-10 Code
29.2.3 Description
29.2.4 Clinical Presentation
29.2.5 Physical Examination
29.2.6 Diagnostic Workup
29.2.7 Treatments
29.2.7.1 Medical Management
29.2.7.2 Rehabilitation
29.2.7.3 Procedures
29.2.7.4 Surgery
References
30: Elbow Surgeries
30.1 Distal Biceps Tendon Rupture
30.2 Lateral Epicondylitis
30.3 Medial Epicondylitis
30.4 Medial Ulnar Collateral Ligament Injury
30.5 Olecranon Bursitis
30.6 Elbow Dislocation
30.7 Elbow Osteoarthritis
References
Part VI: Wrist-Hand
31: Dorsal Wrist Disorders
31.1 Ganglion Cysts
31.1.1 Synonyms
31.1.2 ICD-10 Codes
31.1.3 Description
31.1.4 Clinical Presentation
31.1.5 Physical Examination
31.1.6 Diagnostic Workup
31.1.7 Treatment
31.1.7.1 Medical Management
31.1.7.2 Rehabilitation
31.1.7.3 Procedures
31.1.7.4 Surgery
31.2 Posterior Interosseous Nerve (PIN) Entrapment Syndrome
31.2.1 Synonyms
31.2.2 ICD-10 Codes
31.2.3 Description
31.2.4 Clinical Presentation
31.2.5 Physical Examination
31.2.6 Diagnostic Workup
31.2.7 Treatment
31.2.7.1 Medical Management
31.2.7.2 Rehabilitation
31.2.7.3 Procedures
31.2.7.4 Surgery
31.3 Triangular Fibrocartilage Complex Injuries
31.3.1 ICD-10 Codes
31.3.2 Description
31.3.3 Clinical Presentation
31.3.4 Physical Examination
31.3.5 Diagnostic Workup
31.3.6 Treatment
31.3.6.1 Medical Management
31.3.6.2 Rehabilitation
31.3.6.3 Procedures
31.3.6.4 Surgery
31.4 Kienböck’s Disease
31.4.1 Synonyms
31.4.2 ICD-10 Codes
31.4.3 Description
31.4.4 Clinical Presentation
31.4.5 Physical Examination
31.4.6 Diagnostic Workup
31.4.7 Treatment
31.4.7.1 Medical Management
31.4.7.2 Rehabilitation
31.4.7.3 Procedures
31.4.7.4 Surgery
References
32: Ventral Wrist Disorders
32.1 Carpal Tunnel Syndrome
32.1.1 Synonyms
32.1.2 ICD 10 Code
32.1.3 Description
32.1.4 Clinical Presentation
32.1.5 Physical Examination
32.1.5.1 Provocative Maneuvers
32.1.6 Diagnostic Workup
32.1.6.1 Electrodiagnostic Testing (EDX)
32.1.6.2 Neuromuscular Ultrasound
32.1.6.3 Magnetic Resonance Imaging
32.1.7 Treatments
32.1.7.1 Medical Management
32.1.7.2 Rehabilitation
32.1.7.3 Procedures
CTS Corticosteroid Injection (CPT Code 20526)
Median Nerve Hydrodissection
CTS PRP Injection (CPT: 0232T)
Percutaneous CTS Release (CPT: 64721+ 76342 US Guidance)
32.1.7.4 Surgery
References
33: Radial-Side Wrist Disorders
33.1 De Quervain’s Tenosynovitis
33.1.1 Synonyms
33.1.2 ICD 10 Code
33.1.3 Description
33.1.3.1 Anatomy
33.1.4 Clinical Presentation
33.1.5 Physical Examination
33.1.5.1 Special Test
33.1.6 Diagnostic Workup
33.1.7 Treatments
33.1.7.1 Medical Management
33.1.7.2 Rehabilitation
33.1.7.3 Procedures
Corticosteroid Injection (CSI)
Platelet-Rich Plasma (PRP)
Prolotherapy
33.1.8 Surgery
33.1.8.1 Ultrasound-Guided Percutaneous Release
33.1.8.2 Open Surgical Release
33.2 Thumb Carpometacarpal Osteoarthritis
33.2.1 Synonyms
33.2.2 ICD 10 Code
33.2.3 Description
33.2.4 Clinical Presentation
33.2.5 Physical Examination
33.2.5.1 Special Test
33.2.6 Diagnostic Workup
33.2.6.1 X-Rays
33.2.6.2 Ultrasound
33.2.6.3 MRI and MR Arthrography
33.2.6.4 CT Scan
33.2.7 Treatment
33.2.7.1 Medical Management
33.2.7.2 Rehabilitation
33.2.7.3 Procedures
33.2.7.4 Surgery
33.3 Intersection Syndromes
33.3.1 Synonyms
33.3.2 ICD 10 Code
33.3.3 Description
33.3.4 Clinical Presentation
33.3.5 Physical Examination
33.3.6 Diagnostic Workup
33.3.7 Treatment
33.3.7.1 Medical Management
33.3.7.2 Rehabilitation
33.3.7.3 Procedures
33.3.7.4 Surgery
33.4 Scapholunate Ligament Injury
33.4.1 ICD 10 Code
33.4.2 Description
33.4.3 Clinical Presentation
33.4.4 Physical Examination
33.4.5 Diagnostic Workup
33.4.6 Treatment
33.4.6.1 Medical Management
33.4.6.2 Rehabilitation
33.4.6.3 Procedures
33.4.6.4 Surgery
33.5 Thumb Sprain
33.5.1 Synonyms
33.5.2 ICD 10 Code
33.5.3 Description
33.5.4 Clinical Presentation
33.5.5 Physical Examination
33.5.6 Diagnostic Workup
33.5.7 Treatment
33.5.7.1 Medical Management
33.5.7.2 Rehabilitation
33.5.7.3 Procedure
33.5.7.4 Surgery
References
34: Ulnar-Sided Wrist Disorders
34.1 Triangular Fibrocartilage Complex Injuries
34.1.1 Synonyms
34.1.2 ICD-10 Codes
34.1.3 Description
34.1.4 Clinical Presentation
34.1.5 Physical Examination
34.1.6 Diagnostic Workup
34.1.7 Treatment
34.2 Ulnar Impaction Syndrome
34.2.1 Synonyms
34.2.2 ICD-10 Codes
34.2.3 Description
34.2.4 Clinical Presentation
34.2.5 Physical Examination
34.2.6 Diagnostic Workup
34.2.7 Treatment
34.3 Extensor Carpi Ulnaris (ECU) Tendinopathy
34.3.1 Synonyms
34.3.2 ICD-10 Codes
34.3.3 Description
34.3.4 Clinical Presentation
34.3.5 Physical Examination
34.3.6 Diagnostic Workup
34.3.7 Treatment
34.4 Ulnar Tunnel Syndrome
34.4.1 Synonyms
34.4.2 ICD-10 Codes
34.4.3 Description
34.4.4 Clinical Presentation
34.4.5 Physical Examination
34.4.6 Diagnostic Workup
34.4.7 Treatment
34.5 Ulnar Collateral Ligament of the Wrist Injury (UCL)
34.5.1 Synonyms
34.5.2 ICD-10 Codes
34.5.3 Description
34.5.4 Clinical Presentation
34.5.5 Physical Examination
34.5.6 Diagnostic Workup
34.5.7 Treatment
References
35: Disorders of the Fingers
35.1 Boutonnière and Swan Neck Deformity
35.1.1 Synonyms and ICD 10 Code
35.1.2 Description
35.1.3 Clinical Presentation
35.1.4 Physical Examination
35.1.4.1 Special Test
35.1.5 Diagnostic Workup
35.1.6 Treatments
35.1.6.1 Medical Management
35.1.6.2 Rehabilitation
35.1.6.3 Procedures
35.1.6.4 Surgery
35.2 Dupuytren’s Contracture
35.2.1 Synonyms and ICD 10 Code
35.2.2 Description
35.2.3 Clinical Presentation
35.2.4 Physical Examination
35.2.4.1 Special Test
35.2.5 Diagnostic Workup
35.2.6 Treatments
35.2.6.1 Medical Management
35.2.6.2 Rehabilitation
35.2.6.3 Procedures
35.2.6.4 Surgery
35.3 Mallet Finger
35.3.1 Synonyms and ICD 10 Code
35.3.2 Description
35.3.3 Clinical Presentation
35.3.4 Physical Examination
35.3.5 Diagnostic Workup
35.3.6 Treatments
35.3.6.1 Medical Management
35.3.6.2 Rehabilitation
35.3.6.3 Procedures
35.3.6.4 Surgery
35.4 Thumb Sprain (Skier’s Thumb)
35.4.1 Synonyms
35.4.2 ICD 10 Code
35.4.3 Description
35.4.4 Clinical Presentation
35.4.5 Physical Examination
35.4.5.1 Special Tests
35.4.6 Diagnostic Workup
35.4.7 Treatment
35.4.7.1 Medical Management
35.4.7.2 Rehabilitation
35.4.7.3 Procedures
35.4.7.4 Surgery
35.5 Trigger Finger
35.5.1 Synonyms and ICD 10 Code
35.5.2 Description
35.5.3 Clinical Presentation
35.5.4 Physical Examination
35.5.5 Diagnostic Workup
35.5.6 Treatment
35.5.6.1 Medical Management
35.5.6.2 Rehabilitation
35.5.6.3 Procedures
35.5.6.4 Surgery
References
36: Wrist and Hand Dislocations and Fractures
36.1 Distal Radius Fracture
36.1.1 Synonyms
36.1.2 ICD 10 Code
36.1.3 Description
36.1.4 Clinical Presentation
36.1.5 Physical Examination
36.1.6 Diagnostic Workup
36.1.7 Treatment
36.2 Ulnar Styloid Fracture
36.2.1 Synonyms
36.2.2 ICD 10 Code
36.2.3 Description
36.2.4 Clinical Presentation
36.2.5 Physical Examination
36.2.6 Diagnostic Workup
36.2.7 Treatment
36.3 Scaphoid Fractures
36.3.1 ICD-10 Codes
36.3.2 Description
36.3.3 Clinical Presentation
36.3.4 Physical Examination
36.3.5 Diagnostic Workup
36.3.6 Treatment
36.4 Hook of Hamate Fractures
36.4.1 ICD-10 Codes
36.4.2 Description
36.4.3 Clinical Presentation
36.4.4 Physical Examination
36.4.5 Diagnostic Workup
36.4.6 Treatment
36.5 Metacarpal and Phalangeal Fractures
36.5.1 Synonyms
36.5.2 ICD-10 Codes
36.5.3 Description
36.5.4 Clinical Presentation
36.5.5 Physical Examination
36.5.6 Diagnostic Workup
36.5.7 Treatment
References
37: Wrist and Hand Surgeries
37.1 Surgery for Tendons and Ligament in the Wrist and Hand
37.1.1 Description
37.1.1.1 Intersection Syndrome
Operation
Rehabilitation
37.1.1.2 Carpal Tunnel Syndrome
Operation
Rehabilitation
37.1.1.3 Triangular Fibrocartilage Complex (TFCC) Tears
Operation
Rehabilitation
37.1.1.4 Trigger Finger
Operation
Rehabilitation
37.1.1.5 De Quervain’s Syndrome
Operation
Rehabilitation
37.1.1.6 Thumb Ulnar Collateral Ligament (UCL) Injuries
Operation
Rehabilitation
37.2 Surgery for Fractures and Dislocations in the Wrist and Hand
37.2.1 Description
37.2.1.1 Scaphoid Fractures
Operation
Rehabilitation
37.2.1.2 Perilunate Dislocation
Operation
Rehabilitation
37.2.1.3 Distal Radius Fractures
Operation
Rehabilitation
37.2.1.4 Mallet Finger
Operation
Rehabilitation
37.2.1.5 Other Digital Fractures
Operation
Rehabilitation
37.3 Surgery for Wrist and Hand Osteoarthritis (OA)
37.3.1 Wrist OA
37.3.1.1 Operation
37.3.1.2 Rehabilitation
37.3.2 Thumb Metacarpophalangeal (Basal Joint) Arthritis
37.3.2.1 Operation
37.3.2.2 Rehabilitation
37.3.3 Interphalangeal Joint Arthritis
37.3.3.1 Operation
37.3.3.2 Rehabilitation
37.3.4 Metacarpophalangeal Joint Arthritis
37.3.4.1 Operation
37.3.4.2 Rehabilitation
References
Part VII: Hip
38: Anterior Hip Disorders
38.1 Femoroacetabular Impingement
38.1.1 Synonyms
38.1.2 ICD 10 Code
38.1.3 Description
38.1.4 Clinical Presentation
38.1.5 Physical Examination
38.1.6 Special Maneuvers
38.1.7 Diagnostic Workup
38.1.8 Treatment
38.1.8.1 Medical Management
38.1.8.2 Rehabilitation
38.1.8.3 Procedures
38.1.8.4 Surgery
38.2 Acetabular Labral Tear
38.2.1 Synonyms
38.2.2 ICD 10 Code
38.2.3 Description
38.2.4 Clinical Presentation
38.2.5 Physical Examination
38.2.6 Diagnostic Workup
38.2.7 Treatment
38.2.7.1 Medical Management, Rehabilitation, and Procedures
38.2.7.2 Surgery
38.3 Hip Dysplasia
38.3.1 Synonyms
38.3.2 ICD 10 Code
38.3.3 Description
38.3.4 Clinical Presentation
38.3.5 Physical Examination
38.3.6 Diagnostic Workup
38.3.7 Treatments
38.3.7.1 Medical Management, Rehabilitation, and Procedures
38.3.7.2 Surgery
38.4 Iliopsoas Tendon Dysfunction and Related Disorders
38.4.1 Synonyms
38.4.2 ICD 10 Code
38.4.3 Description
38.4.3.1 Internal Snapping Hip, or Internal Coxa Saltans
38.4.3.2 Iliopsoas Impingement
38.4.4 Clinical Presentation
38.4.5 Physical Examination
38.4.5.1 Special Maneuvers
38.4.6 Diagnostic Workup
38.4.7 Treatments
38.4.7.1 Medical Management
38.4.7.2 Rehabilitation
38.4.7.3 Procedures
38.4.7.4 Surgery
References
39: Posterior Hip Disorders
39.1 Proximal Hamstring Tendinopathy/ Tear
39.1.1 Synonyms
39.1.2 ICD-10 Codes
39.1.3 Description
39.1.4 Clinical Presentation
39.1.5 Physical Examination
39.1.5.1 Special Maneuvers
39.1.6 Diagnostic Workup
39.1.7 Treatment
39.1.7.1 Medical Management
39.1.7.2 Rehabilitation
39.1.7.3 Procedures
39.1.7.4 Surgery
39.2 Ischial Bursitis
39.2.1 Synonyms
39.2.2 ICD-10 Codes
39.2.3 Description
39.2.4 Clinical Presentation
39.2.5 Physical Examination
39.2.6 Diagnostic Workup
39.2.7 Treatment
39.2.7.1 Medical Management
39.2.7.2 Rehabilitation
39.2.7.3 Procedures
39.2.7.4 Surgery
39.3 Ischiofemoral Impingement
39.3.1 Synonyms
39.3.2 ICD-10 Codes
39.3.3 Description
39.3.4 Clinical Presentation
39.3.5 Physical Examination
39.3.6 Diagnostic Workup
39.3.7 Treatment
39.3.7.1 Medical Management
39.3.7.2 Rehabilitation
39.3.7.3 Procedures
39.3.7.4 Surgery
39.4 Piriformis Myofascial Pain
39.4.1 Synonyms
39.4.2 ICD-10 Codes
39.4.3 Description
39.4.4 Clinical Presentation
39.4.5 Physical Examination
39.4.5.1 Special Maneuvers
39.4.6 Diagnostic Workup
39.4.7 Treatment
39.4.7.1 Medical Management
39.4.7.2 Rehabilitation
39.4.7.3 Procedures
39.4.7.4 Surgery
References
40: Lateral Hip Disorders
40.1 Gluteal Tendinopathy and Bursopathy
40.1.1 Synonyms
40.1.2 ICD-10 Codes
40.1.3 Description
40.1.4 Clinical Presentation
40.1.5 Physical Examination
40.1.5.1 Special Maneuvers
40.1.6 Diagnostic Evaluation
40.1.7 Treatments
40.1.7.1 Medical Management
40.1.7.2 Rehabilitation
40.1.7.3 Procedures
40.1.7.4 Surgery
40.2 Iliotibial Band–Related Disorders
40.2.1 Synonyms
40.2.2 ICD-10 Codes
40.2.3 Description
40.2.3.1 External Snapping Hip or External Coxa Saltans
40.2.4 Clinical Presentation
40.2.5 Physical Examination
40.2.5.1 Special Maneuvers
40.2.6 Diagnostic Evaluation
40.2.7 Treatments
40.2.7.1 Medical Management
40.2.7.2 Rehabilitation
40.2.7.3 Procedures
40.2.7.4 Surgery
References
41: Hip Fractures and Dislocations
41.1 Hip Stress Fracture/Bone Stress Injury
41.1.1 Synonyms
41.1.2 ICD-10 Code
41.1.3 Description
41.1.4 Clinical Presentation
41.1.5 Physical Examination
41.1.5.1 Special Maneuvers
41.1.6 Diagnostic Workup
41.1.7 Treatment
41.1.7.1 Medical Management
41.1.7.2 Rehabilitation
41.1.7.3 Procedures
41.1.7.4 Surgery
41.2 Traumatic Hip Fracture
41.2.1 Synonyms
41.2.2 ICD-10 Code
41.2.3 Description
41.2.4 Clinical Presentation
41.2.5 Physical Examination
41.2.6 Diagnostic Workup
41.2.7 Treatment
41.2.7.1 Medical Management
41.2.7.2 Rehabilitation
41.2.7.3 Procedures
41.2.7.4 Surgery
41.3 Hip Dislocations
41.3.1 Synonyms
41.3.2 ICD-10 Code
41.3.3 Description
41.3.4 Clinical Presentation
41.3.5 Physical Examination
41.3.6 Diagnostic Workup
41.3.7 Treatment
41.3.7.1 Medical Management
41.3.7.2 Rehabilitation
41.3.7.3 Procedures
41.3.7.4 Surgery
References
42: Hip Surgeries
42.1 Femoroacetabular Impingement
42.1.1 Operation
42.1.2 Rehabilitation
42.2 Hip Labral Tears
42.2.1 Operation
42.2.2 Rehabilitation
42.3 Hip Dysplasia
42.3.1 Operation
42.3.2 Rehabilitation
42.4 Hip Osteoarthritis
42.4.1 Total Hip Arthroplasty
42.4.2 Pelvic Osteotomy
42.4.3 Hip Resurfacing
42.5 Hip Dislocation
42.6 Hip Fractures
42.6.1 Femoral Neck Fracture
42.6.2 Intertrochanteric and Subtrochanteric Fracture
42.6.3 Acetabular Fracture
References
Part VIII: Knee
43: Knee Disorder: Intra-Articular
43.1 ACL and PCL Injuries
43.1.1 Synonyms
43.1.2 ICD-10 Codes
43.1.3 Description
43.1.4 Clinical Presentation
43.1.5 Physical Examination
43.1.6 Diagnostic Workup
43.1.7 Treatments
43.2 Meniscal Injuries
43.2.1 Synonyms
43.2.2 ICD-10 Codes
43.2.3 Description
43.2.4 Clinical Presentation
43.2.5 Physical Examination
43.2.6 Diagnostic Workup
43.2.7 Treatment
43.2.8 Procedures
References
44: Knee Disorders: Extra-Articular
44.1 Anterior Knee Disorders
44.1.1 Quadriceps and Patellar Tendon Disorders
44.1.1.1 ICD 10 Code
44.1.1.2 Description
Anatomy
Quadriceps Tendon and Patellar Tendon Disorders
Osgood-Schlatter Syndrome
44.1.1.3 Presentation
Quadriceps Tendinopathy
Patellar Tendinopathy
44.1.1.4 Examination
Quadriceps Tendinopathy
Patellar Tendinopathy
Special Test
44.1.1.5 Diagnostic Workup
Quadriceps Tendinopathy
Patellar Tendinopathy
44.1.1.6 Treatment
Medical Management
Rehabilitation
Procedures
Surgery
44.1.2 Patellofemoral Pain Syndrome
44.1.2.1 ICD 10 Code
44.1.2.2 Synonyms
44.1.2.3 Description
44.1.2.4 Presentation
44.1.2.5 Examination
Special Test
44.1.2.6 Workup
Radiographs
CT and MRI
44.1.2.7 Treatment
Conservative Care
44.1.2.8 Surgery
44.1.3 Patellar Instability
44.1.4 Plica Syndrome
44.1.4.1 ICD 10 code
44.1.4.2 Description
44.1.4.3 Presentation and Examination
44.1.4.4 Diagnostic Workup
44.1.4.5 Treatment
44.2 Posterior Knee Disorders
44.2.1 Popliteal (Aka Baker’s) Cyst
44.2.1.1 ICD 10 code
44.2.1.2 Description
44.2.1.3 Presentation
44.2.1.4 Examination
44.2.1.5 Diagnostic Imaging
44.2.1.6 Treatment
Medical Management
Procedures
Rehabilitation
Surgery
44.2.2 Plantaris Injury
44.2.2.1 ICD 10 code
44.2.2.2 Description
44.2.2.3 Presentation
44.2.2.4 Examination
Special Test
44.2.2.5 Diagnostic Workup
44.2.2.6 Treatment
Medial Management
Rehabilitation
Surgery
44.2.3 Posterolateral Corner Injuries
44.2.3.1 ICD 10 code
44.2.3.2 Description
44.2.3.3 Presentation
44.2.3.4 Examination
Fibular Nerve Injury
Special Tests
44.2.3.5 Diagnostic Imaging
44.2.3.6 Treatment
44.2.4 Distal Hamstring Injuries
44.2.4.1 Description
44.2.4.2 Presentation
44.2.4.3 Examination
Special Test
44.2.4.4 Workup
44.2.4.5 Treatment
Nonoperative Care
Rehabilitation
Surgery
44.3 Medial Knee Disorders
44.3.1 Pes Anserine Tendinopathy and Bursitis
44.3.1.1 ICD 10 code
44.3.1.2 Description
44.3.1.3 Clinical Presentation
44.3.1.4 Physical Examination
44.3.1.5 Diagnostic Workup
44.3.1.6 Treatment
Medical Treatment
Rehabilitation
Procedures
Surgery
44.3.2 Medial Collateral Ligament Injury
44.3.2.1 ICD 10 code
44.3.2.2 Description
44.3.2.3 Clinical Presentation
44.3.2.4 Examination
Specialized Testing
44.3.2.5 Diagnostic Workup
44.3.2.6 Treatment
Medical Management
Rehabilitation
Procedures
Surgery
44.4 Lateral Knee Disorders
44.4.1 Iliotibial Band Syndrome
44.4.1.1 ICD 10 code
44.4.1.2 Description
44.4.1.3 Clinical Presentation
44.4.1.4 Physical Examination
44.4.1.5 Diagnostic Workup
44.4.1.6 Treatments
Medical Management
Rehabilitation
Procedures
Surgery
44.4.2 Lateral Collateral Ligament Injury
44.4.2.1 ICD 10 Code
44.4.2.2 Description
44.4.2.3 Clinical Presentation
44.4.2.4 Physical Examination
44.4.2.5 Diagnostic Workup
44.4.2.6 Treatments
Medical Management
Rehabilitation
Procedures
Surgery
44.4.3 Popliteus Injury
44.4.3.1 ICD 10 Code
44.4.3.2 Description
44.4.3.3 Clinical Presentation
44.4.3.4 Physical Examination
44.4.3.5 Diagnostic Workup
44.4.3.6 Treatments
Medical Management
Rehabilitation
Procedures
Surgery
44.4.4 Proximal Tibiofibular Joint Injury
44.4.4.1 Synonyms
44.4.4.2 ICD 10 Code
44.4.4.3 Description
44.4.4.4 Clinical Presentation
44.4.4.5 Physical Examination
44.4.4.6 Diagnostic Workup
44.4.4.7 Treatments
Medical Management
Rehabilitation
Procedures
Surgery
References
45: Knee Dislocations and Fractures
45.1 Synonyms
45.2 Knee Dislocations (S83.0)
45.2.1 Description
45.2.1.1 Anatomy of Patellofemoral Joint
45.2.1.2 Anatomy of Tibiofemoral Joint
45.2.2 Clinical Presentation
45.2.2.1 Patella Dislocation
45.2.2.2 Tibiofemoral Dislocation
45.2.3 Physical Examination
45.2.3.1 Patella Dislocation
45.2.3.2 Tibiofemoral Dislocation
45.2.4 Diagnostic Workup
45.2.5 Treatment
45.2.5.1 Medical Management
45.2.5.2 Rehabilitation
45.2.5.3 Surgery
45.3 Knee Fractures (S82.1)
45.3.1 Description
45.3.2 Clinical Presentation
45.3.2.1 Tibial Plateau Fractures
45.3.2.2 Patellar Fractures
45.3.3 Physical Examination
45.3.4 Diagnostic Workup
45.3.5 Treatment
45.3.5.1 Medical Management
45.3.5.2 Rehabilitation
45.3.5.3 Surgery
References
46: Surgical Intervention in the Knee
46.1 Knee Intra-articular Ligament Reconstruction (ACL, PCL)
46.1.1 ACL Surgery
46.1.1.1 Operation
Autograft
Allografts
46.1.1.2 Rehabilitation: ACL
46.1.2 PCL Surgery
46.1.2.1 Operation
46.1.2.2 Rehabilitation: PCL
46.2 Knee Meniscal Injury
46.2.1 Operation
46.2.2 Rehabilitation
46.3 Knee Cartilage Injuries
46.3.1 Operation
46.3.2 Rehabilitation
46.4 Knee Osteoarthritis
46.4.1 Operation
46.4.2 Rehabilitation
46.5 Knee Fractures
46.5.1 Distal Femur Fractures
46.5.1.1 Rehabilitation: Distal Femur Fractures
46.5.2 Proximal Tibia Fracture
46.5.2.1 Rehabilitation: Proximal Tibia Fracture
46.5.3 Patella Fracture
46.5.3.1 Rehabilitation: Fractures of the Patella
46.6 Knee Dislocation
46.6.1 Operation
46.6.2 Rehabilitation: Knee Dislocation
References
Part IX: Ankle-Foot
47: Anterior Ankle Disorders
47.1 Tibialis Anterior Tendinopathy
47.1.1 Synonyms
47.1.2 ICD 10 Code
47.1.3 Description
47.1.3.1 Anatomy and Function
47.1.4 Clinical Presentation
47.1.5 Physical Examination
47.1.5.1 Provocative Maneuvers
47.1.6 Diagnostic Workup
47.1.7 Treatment
47.1.7.1 Medical Management
47.1.7.2 Procedures
47.1.7.3 Rehabilitation
47.1.7.4 Surgery
47.2 Anterior Ankle Impingement
47.2.1 Synonyms
47.2.2 ICD 10 Code
47.2.3 Description
47.2.3.1 Anatomy and Etiology
47.2.4 Clinical Presentation
47.2.5 Physical Examination
47.2.6 Diagnostic Workup
47.2.7 Treatment
47.2.7.1 Medical Management
47.2.7.2 Rehabilitation
47.2.7.3 Procedure
47.2.7.4 Surgery
47.3 Osteochondral Lesion of the Talus
47.3.1 Synonym
47.3.2 ICD 10 Code
47.3.3 Description
47.3.4 Clinical Presentation
47.3.5 Physical Examination
47.3.6 Diagnostics Workup
47.3.7 Treatment
47.3.7.1 Medical Management
47.3.7.2 Rehabilitation
47.3.7.3 Procedures
47.3.7.4 Surgery
References
48: Posterior Ankle Disorders
48.1 Achilles Tendon Disorders
48.1.1 ICD 10
48.1.2 Description
48.1.3 Clinical Presentation
48.1.4 Physical Examination
48.1.4.1 Special Tests
48.1.5 Diagnostic Workup
48.1.5.1 Plain Films
48.1.5.2 Advanced Imaging
48.1.6 Treatment
48.1.6.1 Medical Management
48.1.6.2 Rehabilitation
48.1.6.3 Procedure
Corticosteroid Injection
Brisement
PRP Injection
Extracorporeal Shockwave Therapy
Percutaneous Ultrasonic Fasciotomy and Debridement
48.1.6.4 Surgery
48.2 Insertional Achilles Tendonitis and Haglund Deformity
48.2.1 ICD 10
48.2.2 Description
48.2.3 Clinical Presentation
48.2.4 Physical Examination
48.2.5 Diagnostic Workup
48.2.6 Treatment
48.2.6.1 Medical Management
48.2.6.2 Rehabilitation
48.2.6.3 Procedures
48.2.6.4 Surgery
48.3 Posterior Ankle Impingement (Os Trigonum Syndrome)
48.3.1 ICD 10
48.3.1.1 Description
48.3.2 Clinical Presentation
48.3.3 Physical Examination
48.3.4 Diagnostic Workup
48.3.4.1 Plain Films
48.3.4.2 MRI
48.3.5 Treatment
48.3.5.1 Medical Management
48.3.5.2 Rehabilitation
48.3.5.3 Procedures
48.3.5.4 Surgical Management
References
49: Lateral Ankle Disorders
49.1 Peroneal Tendinopathy
49.1.1 Synonyms
49.1.2 ICD 10
49.1.3 Description
49.1.4 Clinical Presentation
49.1.5 Physical Examination
49.1.6 Diagnostic Workup
49.1.7 Treatment
49.1.7.1 Medical Management
49.1.7.2 Rehabilitation
49.1.7.3 Procedures
49.1.7.4 Surgery
49.2 Os Peroneum Syndrome
49.2.1 Synonym
49.2.2 ICD 10
49.2.3 Description
49.2.4 Clinical Presentation
49.2.5 Diagnostic Workup
49.2.6 Treatment
49.2.6.1 Medical/Procedural Care
49.2.6.2 Surgery
49.3 Os Subfibulare
49.3.1 Description
49.3.2 Clinical Presentation
49.3.3 Physical Examination
49.3.4 Diagnostic Workup
49.3.5 Treatment
49.4 Sinus Tarsi Syndrome (STS)
49.4.1 Description
49.4.2 Clinical Presentation
49.4.3 Examination
49.4.4 Diagnostic Workup
49.4.5 Treatment
49.5 Fibula Nonunion
49.6 Ankle Sprain
49.6.1 Description
49.6.2 Clinical Presentation
49.6.3 Physical Examination
49.6.4 Diagnostic Workup
49.6.5 Treatment
49.6.5.1 Medical Management
49.6.5.2 Rehabilitation
49.6.5.3 Procedures
49.6.5.4 Surgery
References
50: Medial Ankle Disorders
50.1 Posterior Tibialis Tendon Dysfunction (PTTD)
50.1.1 Synonym
50.1.2 ICD 10 Code
50.1.3 Description
50.1.3.1 Classification
50.1.4 Clinical Presentation
50.1.5 Physical Examination
50.1.5.1 Provocative Testing
50.1.6 Diagnostic Workup
50.1.6.1 Radiographs
50.1.6.2 Ultrasound
50.1.6.3 MRI/CT
50.1.7 Treatment
50.1.7.1 Medical Management
50.1.7.2 Procedures
50.1.7.3 Rehabilitation
50.1.7.4 Surgery
50.2 Flexor Hallucis Longus Tendinopathy (FHL)
50.2.1 Synonyms
50.2.2 ICD 10 Code
50.2.3 Description
50.2.4 Clinical Presentation
50.2.5 Examination
50.2.6 Diagnostic Workup
50.2.7 Treatment
50.2.7.1 Medical Management
50.2.7.2 Procedures
50.2.7.3 Rehabilitation
50.2.7.4 Surgery
50.3 Tarsal Tunnel Syndrome
50.3.1 Synonyms
50.3.2 ICD 10 Code
50.3.3 Description
50.3.3.1 Etiology/Pathophysiology
50.3.4 Physical Examination
50.3.4.1 Provocative Testing
50.3.5 Diagnostic Workup
50.3.6 Treatment
50.3.6.1 Medical Management
50.3.6.2 Procedure
50.3.6.3 Rehabilitation
50.3.6.4 Surgery
References
51: Foot and Ankle Dislocations and Fractures
51.1 Ankle Fractures
51.1.1 Description
51.1.2 Classification
51.1.3 Orthopedic Care
51.1.4 Rehabilitation
51.2 Pilon Fractures
51.2.1 Description
51.2.2 Classification
51.2.3 Orthopedic Care
51.2.4 Rehabilitation
51.3 Fracture of the Talus
51.3.1 Description
51.3.2 Classification
51.3.3 Orthopedic Care
51.3.4 Rehabilitation
51.4 Medial Malleolus Stress Fracture (M84.37, S82.5)
51.4.1 Description
51.4.2 Orthopedic Care
51.4.3 Rehabilitation
51.5 Fibula Nonunion (S82.4)
51.5.1 Description
51.5.2 Presentation
51.5.3 Diagnostic Workup
51.5.4 Treatment
51.6 Foot Fractures
51.6.1 Calcaneal Fracture (ICD 10 – S92.0)
51.6.2 Cuboid Fracture (ICD 10 – S92.2)
51.6.3 Midfoot Fractures-Lisfranc (ICD S92.3)
51.6.4 Midfoot Fractures – Chopart (ICD S92.201)
51.6.5 Metatarsal Fracture (ICD 10 – S92.3)
51.7 Toe Fracture
51.7.1 ICD 10
51.7.2 Description
51.7.3 Presentation
51.7.4 Management
51.8 Ankle Dislocations
51.8.1 ICD: S93.0
51.8.1.1 Description
51.8.1.2 Presentation
51.8.1.3 Orthopedic Care
51.9 Toe Dislocation
51.9.1 ICD: S93.1
References
52: Surgical Interventions in the Foot and Ankle
52.1 Bony Trauma Surgery
52.1.1 Surgical Intervention: Ankle Fractures/Dislocations
52.1.1.1 Orthopedic Care
52.1.1.2 Rehabilitation
52.1.2 Surgical Intervention: Talar Fracture
52.1.3 Surgical Intervention: Pilon Fracture
52.1.4 Surgical Intervention: Ankle Replacement
52.1.4.1 Operation
52.1.4.2 Rehabilitation
52.1.5 Surgical Intervention: Ankle Fusion
52.1.5.1 Operation
52.1.5.2 Rehabilitation
52.1.6 Surgical Intervention: Foot Fractures/Dislocations
52.1.7 Surgical Intervention: Metatarsal Fractures
52.1.8 Surgical Intervention: Foot Fusion
52.1.9 Surgical Intervention: Osteotomy
52.2 Soft Tissue Trauma Surgery
52.2.1 Acute Achilles Tendon Ruptures
52.2.1.1 Orthopedic Care
52.2.1.2 Rehabilitation
References
Part X: MSK Topics
53: Osteoarthritis
53.1 Shoulder OA
53.1.1 ICD 10 Codes
53.1.2 Synonyms
53.1.3 Description
53.1.4 Clinical Presentation
53.1.5 Physical Examination
53.1.6 Diagnostic Workup
53.1.7 Treatment
53.1.7.1 Medical Management
53.1.7.2 Rehabilitation
53.1.7.3 Procedures
Corticosteroid Injections
Viscosupplementation
Orthobiologics
Peripheral Nerve Stimulation
53.1.7.4 Surgery
53.2 Elbow OA
53.2.1 ICD 10 Codes
53.2.2 Synonyms
53.2.3 Definition
53.2.3.1 Anatomy
53.2.4 Clinical Presentation
53.2.5 Physical Examination
53.2.6 Diagnostic Workup
53.2.7 Treatments
53.2.7.1 Medical Treatment
53.2.7.2 Rehabilitation
53.2.7.3 Procedures
53.2.7.4 Surgery
53.3 Wrist and Hand OA
53.3.1 ICD 10 Codes
53.3.2 Synonyms
53.3.3 Description
53.3.3.1 Wrist OA
53.3.3.2 Hand OA
53.3.4 Presentation
53.3.5 Physical Examination
53.3.5.1 Inspection
53.3.5.2 Palpation
53.3.5.3 Range of Motion
53.3.5.4 Neurological Examination
53.3.5.5 Special Testing
53.3.6 Diagnostic Workup
53.3.6.1 Plain Films
53.3.6.2 Laboratory Testing
53.3.6.3 MRI
53.3.6.4 US
Wrist US
Fingers/Hand US
53.3.7 Treatments
53.3.7.1 Medical Treatment
53.3.7.2 Rehabilitation
53.3.7.3 Procedures
53.3.7.4 Surgery
Wrist Surgery
Hand/Finger Surgery
53.4 Hip OA
53.4.1 Synonyms
53.4.2 ICD 10 Codes
53.4.3 Description
53.4.4 Clinical Presentation
53.4.5 Physical Examination
53.4.5.1 Special Maneuvers
53.4.6 Diagnostic Workup
53.4.7 Treatment
53.4.7.1 Medical Management
53.4.7.2 Rehabilitation
53.4.7.3 Procedures
53.4.7.4 Surgery
53.5 Knee OA
53.5.1 ICD 10 Codes
53.5.2 Description
53.5.3 Clinical Presentation
53.5.4 Physical Examination
53.5.4.1 Inspection
53.5.4.2 Palpation
53.5.4.3 Range of Motion
53.5.4.4 Manual Muscle Testing
53.5.4.5 Provocative Maneuvers
53.5.4.6 Gait Analysis
53.5.5 Diagnostic Workup
53.5.5.1 X-Rays
53.5.5.2 MRI
53.5.5.3 Ultrasound
53.5.5.4 Arthrocentesis
53.5.6 Treatments
53.5.6.1 Medical Management
53.5.6.2 Rehabilitation
53.5.6.3 Procedures
Corticosteroid Injections
Viscosupplementation
Biologics
Genicular Knee Blocks and Radiofrequency Ablation (RFA)
Neuromodulation
53.5.6.4 Surgery
53.6 Foot and Ankle OA
53.6.1 ICD 10 Code
53.6.2 Description
53.6.2.1 Ankle OA
53.6.2.2 Foot OA
Midfoot OA
First MTP OA
53.6.3 Clinical Presentation
53.6.3.1 Ankle OA
53.6.3.2 Foot OA
53.6.4 Examination
53.6.4.1 Ankle Exam
53.6.5 Diagnostic Workup
53.6.5.1 Imaging: Ankle OA
Plain Films
Advanced Imaging
53.6.5.2 Imaging: Foot OA
53.6.5.3 Ultrasound
53.6.5.4 Diagnostic Injection
53.6.6 Treatment
53.6.6.1 Medial Management
53.6.6.2 Rehabilitation
Rehab: Ankle OA
Rehab: Midfoot and Forefoot OA
53.6.6.3 Orthotics
Orthotics: Ankle OA
Orthotics: Midfoot OA
Orthotics: First MTP OA
53.6.6.4 Procedures
53.6.6.5 Steroid Injection
53.6.6.6 Hyaluronan
53.6.6.7 Surgery
Surgery: Medial Midfoot
Surgery: Lateral Midfoot
Surgery: First MTP OA
References
54: Osteoporosis
54.1 ICD-10
54.2 Description
54.3 Diagnostic Workup
54.3.1 Bone Density Testing
54.3.2 X-Rays
54.3.3 MRI
54.3.4 CT Scan
54.4 Presenting Symptoms
54.5 Physical Examination
54.6 Treatments
54.6.1 Medical Management
54.6.2 Rehabilitation
54.6.3 Interventional Procedures
54.6.3.1 Vertebral Augmentation
Indication and Contraindications
Literature Support
54.7 Types of Vertebral Augmentation
54.8 Post-augmentation Care and Rehabilitation
References
55: Rheumatic Disorders
55.1 Fibromyalgia
55.1.1 Synonyms
55.1.2 ICD-10 Codes
55.1.3 Description
55.1.4 Clinical Presentation
55.1.5 Physical Examination
55.1.6 Diagnostic Workup
55.1.7 Treatments
55.2 Inflammatory Arthritis
55.2.1 Synonyms
55.2.2 ICD-10 Codes
55.2.3 Description
55.3 Rheumatoid Arthritis
55.3.1 Synonyms
55.3.2 ICD 10 Code
55.3.3 Description
55.3.4 Clinical Presentation
55.3.5 Diagnostic Workup
55.3.5.1 Imaging
55.3.6 Treatment
55.4 Spondyloarthritis
55.4.1 Synonyms
55.4.2 ICD 10 Code
55.4.3 Description
55.4.4 Clinical Presentation and Physical Examination
55.4.5 Diagnostic Workup
55.4.6 Treatments
55.5 Crystal Arthropathies
55.6 Gout
55.6.1 Synonyms
55.6.2 ICD 10 Code
55.6.3 Description
55.6.4 Clinical Presentation
55.6.5 Physical Examination
55.6.6 Diagnostic Workup
55.6.7 Treatments
55.7 Osteoarthritis
55.7.1 Synonyms
55.7.2 ICD-10 Codes
55.7.3 Description
55.7.4 Clinical Presentation
55.7.5 Physical Examination
55.7.6 Diagnostic Workup
55.7.6.1 Imaging
55.7.6.2 Arthrocentesis
55.7.7 Treatments
55.7.7.1 Medical Management
55.7.7.2 Rehabilitation
Physical Therapy
Recommended Exercises
55.7.8 Procedures
55.7.9 Surgery
References
56: Entrapment Syndromes
56.1 Carpal Tunnel Syndrome
56.1.1 Synonyms
56.1.2 ICD-10 Codes
56.1.3 Description
56.1.4 Clinical Presentation
56.1.5 Physical Examination
56.1.6 Diagnostic Workup
56.1.7 Treatment
56.2 Anterior Interosseous Nerve Entrapment
56.2.1 Synonyms
56.2.2 ICD-10 Codes
56.2.3 Description
56.2.4 Clinical Presentation
56.2.5 Physical Examination
56.2.6 Diagnostic Workup
56.2.7 Treatment
56.3 Pronator Teres Syndrome
56.3.1 Synonyms
56.3.2 ICD-10 Codes
56.3.3 Description
56.3.4 Clinical Presentation
56.3.5 Physical Examination
56.3.6 Diagnostic Workup
56.3.7 Treatment
56.4 Posterior Interosseous Nerve Syndrome
56.4.1 Synonyms
56.4.2 ICD-10 Codes
56.4.3 Descriptions
56.4.4 Clinical Presentation
56.4.5 Physical Examination
56.4.6 Diagnostic Workup
56.4.7 Treatment
56.5 Radial Tunnel Syndrome
56.5.1 Synonyms
56.5.2 ICD-10 Codes
56.5.3 Descriptions
56.5.4 Clinical Presentation
56.5.5 Physical Examination
56.5.6 Diagnostic Workup
56.5.7 Treatment
56.6 Cubital Tunnel Syndrome
56.6.1 Synonyms
56.6.2 ICD-10 Codes
56.6.3 Description
56.6.4 Clinical Presentation
56.6.5 Physical Examination
56.6.6 Diagnostic Workup
56.6.7 Treatment
56.7 Suprascapular Nerve Entrapment
56.7.1 Synonyms
56.7.2 ICD-10 Codes
56.7.3 Description
56.7.4 Clinical Presentation
56.7.5 Physical Examination
56.7.6 Diagnostic Workup
56.7.7 Treatment
56.8 Fibular Nerve Entrapment
56.8.1 Synonyms
56.8.2 ICD-10 Codes
56.8.3 Description
56.8.4 Clinical Presentation
56.8.5 Physical Examination
56.8.6 Diagnostic Workup
56.8.7 Treatment
56.9 Tarsal Tunnel Syndrome
56.9.1 Synonyms
56.9.2 ICD-10 Codes
56.9.3 Description
56.9.4 Clinical Presentation
56.9.5 Physical Examination
56.9.6 Diagnostic Workup
56.9.7 Treatment
56.10 Femoral Nerve Entrapment
56.10.1 Synonyms
56.10.2 ICD-10 Codes
56.10.3 Descriptions
56.10.4 Clinical Presentation
56.10.5 Physical Examination
56.10.6 Diagnostic Workup
56.10.7 Treatment
References
57: Plexopathies and Neuropathies
57.1 Intercostal Neuralgia
57.1.1 Synonyms
57.1.2 ICD 10 Code
57.1.3 Description
57.1.3.1 Anatomy
57.1.3.2 Etiology
57.1.4 Clinical Presentation
57.1.5 Physical Examination
57.1.6 Diagnostic Workup
57.1.7 Treatment
57.1.7.1 Medical Management
57.1.7.2 Rehabilitation
57.1.7.3 Procedures
Intercostal Nerve Block
Pulsed Radiofrequency (RF) Lesioning
Cryoablation
Thermal Radiofrequency Ablation
Chemical Neurolysis
Neuromodulation
57.1.7.4 Surgery
57.2 Phantom Limb Pain
57.2.1 ICD-10
57.2.2 Synonyms
57.2.3 Definition
57.2.4 Clinical Presentation
57.2.5 Physical Examination
57.2.6 Imaging
57.2.7 Treatment
57.2.7.1 Medical Management
57.2.7.2 Procedures
57.2.7.3 Rehabilitation
57.3 Genitofemoral Neuropathy
57.3.1 Synonyms
57.3.2 ICD 10 Codes
57.3.3 Description
57.3.3.1 Anatomy
57.3.3.2 Etiology
57.3.4 Clinical Presentation
57.3.5 Physical Examination
57.3.6 Diagnostic Workup
57.3.7 Treatment
57.3.7.1 Medica Management
57.3.7.2 Procedures
57.3.7.3 Surgery
57.4 Ilioinguinal Neuropathy
57.4.1 Synonyms
57.4.2 ICD 10 Codes
57.4.3 Description
57.4.3.1 Anatomy
57.4.3.2 Etiology/Pathophysiology
57.4.4 Clinical Presentation
57.4.5 Physical Examination
57.4.6 Diagnostic Workup
57.4.7 Management
57.5 Lateral Femoral Cutaneous Neuropathy
57.5.1 Synonyms
57.5.2 ICD 10 Codes
57.5.3 Description
57.5.4 Clinical Presentation
57.5.5 Physical Examination
57.5.6 Diagnostic Workup
57.5.7 Management
57.6 Lumbosacral Plexopathy
57.6.1 Synonyms
57.6.2 ICD 10 Code
57.6.3 Description
57.6.3.1 Anatomy
57.6.4 Types of Lumbosacral Plexopathy
57.6.5 Clinical Presentation
57.6.6 Physical Examination
57.6.7 Diagnostic Workup
57.6.7.1 Imaging
57.6.7.2 Electrodiagnostic Testing
57.6.7.3 Laboratory Studies
57.6.8 Treatments
57.6.8.1 Medical Management
57.6.8.2 Rehabilitation
57.6.8.3 Procedures
57.6.8.4 Surgery
57.7 Brachial Plexopathy
57.7.1 Synonyms
57.7.2 ICD 10 Codes
57.7.3 Description
57.7.3.1 Anatomy
57.7.3.2 Types of Brachial Plexopathy
57.7.4 Clinical Presentation
57.7.5 Physical Examination
57.7.6 Diagnostic Workup
57.7.6.1 Diagnostic Imaging
57.7.6.2 EMG/NCS
57.7.6.3 Laboratory Studies
57.7.7 Treatments
57.7.7.1 Medical Management
57.7.7.2 Rehabilitation
57.7.7.3 Procedures
57.7.7.4 Surgery
57.8 Thoracic Outlet Syndrome
57.8.1 Synonyms and ICD
57.8.2 Description
57.8.3 Clinical Presentation
57.8.4 Physical Examination
57.8.5 Diagnostic Workup
57.8.5.1 Plain Films
57.8.5.2 CT/MR/Angiography
57.8.5.3 Ultrasound
57.8.5.4 EMG
57.8.5.5 Diagnostic Injections
57.8.6 Treatment
57.8.6.1 Medical Management
57.8.6.2 Rehabilitation
57.8.6.3 Procedures
57.8.6.4 Surgery
57.9 Complex Regional Pain Syndrome (CRPS)
57.9.1 Synonyms
57.9.2 ICD 10 Code
57.9.3 Description
57.9.4 Clinical Presentation
57.9.5 Physical Examination
57.9.6 Diagnostic Workup
57.9.7 Treatments
57.9.7.1 Medical Management
57.9.7.2 Rehabilitation
57.9.7.3 Procedures
57.9.7.4 Surgery
References
58: Alternative Medicine: Musculoskeletal Applications
58.1 Description of Complementary and Alternative Medicine (CAM)
58.2 Acupuncture
58.3 Electroacupuncture (Percutaneous Electrical Nerve Stimulation)
58.4 Pharmacopuncture and Laser Acupuncture
58.5 Moxibustion
58.6 Transcutaneous Electrical Nerve Stimulation (TENS)
58.7 Laser Therapy
58.8 Massage Therapy
58.9 CAM for OA
References
59: Osteopathic Medicine: Musculoskeletal Applications
59.1 ICD 10 Codes
59.2 Description
59.3 Methods of Osteopathic Manipulative Treatment (OMT)
59.3.1 High-Velocity/Low-Amplitude (HVLA) Technique
59.3.2 Muscle Energy Technique (MET)
59.3.3 Myofascial Release (MFR)
59.3.4 Soft Tissue Techniques
59.3.5 Counter Strain
59.3.6 Indirect Techniques
59.4 Indications, Contraindication, and Complications of OMT
59.4.1 Indication for OMT
59.4.2 Contraindications for OMT
59.4.3 Potential Complications with OMT
59.5 Complementary Effect of Osteopathic Care and Physical Therapy
59.6 Differentiating Osteopathic Manipulation from Chiropractic Manipulation
59.7 Osteopathic Applications to Common MSK Conditions
59.7.1 Osteopathic Care in Shoulder Disorders
59.7.2 Osteopathic Care in Elbow Disorders
59.7.3 Osteopathic Care in Wrist and Hand Disorders
59.7.4 Osteopathic Care in Pelvic Disorders
59.7.5 Osteopathic Care in Hip Disorders
59.7.6 Osteopathic Care in Knee Disorders
59.7.7 Osteopathic Care in Ankle and Foot Disorders
59.7.8 Osteopathic Care in Spine Disorders
59.7.9 Osteopathic Care in Chest Wall Pain
References
60: Regenerative Medicine: Musculoskeletal Applications
60.1 Prolotherapy
60.2 Platelet-Rich Plasma (PRP)
60.3 Platelet-Poor Plasma (PPP)
60.4 Bone Marrow-Based Injections
60.5 Adipose-Based Injections
60.5.1 Adipose Tissue Preparations
60.6 Alpha-2 Macroglobulin (A2M)
60.7 Interleukin Receptor Antagonist Protein (IRAP)
60.8 Birth Tissues
60.9 Exosomes
60.10 Posttreatment Rehabilitation
60.11 FDA Guidance for “Regenerative Treatments”
References
61: Tendinopathy
61.1 Synonyms
61.2 ICD-10
61.3 Description
61.3.1 Anatomy
61.4 Clinical Presentation
61.5 Physical Examination
61.6 Diagnostic Workup
61.7 Treatment
61.7.1 Medical Management
61.7.2 Rehabilitation
61.7.3 Procedures
61.7.4 Surgery
References
62: Autologous Orthobiologics
62.1 Introduction
62.1.1 Regenerative Medicine
62.1.2 Orthobiologics
62.1.3 Regenerative Rehabilitation
62.2 Description
62.2.1 Platelet-Rich Plasma
62.2.2 Bone Marrow Aspirate/Concentrate
62.2.3 Adipose Tissue Concentrate
62.3 Platelet-Rich Plasma (PRP)
62.3.1 Description
62.3.1.1 PRP: Preparation
62.3.1.2 PRP: Platelet Granules and Their Content
62.3.1.3 PRP: An Orthobiologic Treatment
62.3.1.4 PRP Classification
62.3.2 PRP Component: Platelet
62.3.2.1 Platelet Activation and Tissue Repair Mechanisms
62.3.2.2 PRP: Critical Platelet Count
62.3.2.3 PRP: Platelet Function: In Vitro vs. In Vivo
62.3.2.4 PRP: Variation in Preparation
62.3.2.5 PRP: Clinically Required Platelet Concentration
62.3.2.6 PRP: Dose Dependency
62.3.3 PRP Component: Leukocytes
62.3.3.1 PRP: Leukocyte Fraction
62.3.3.2 PRP: Function of Specific Leukocyte
62.3.4 PRP Component: RBC
62.3.5 PRP: Immunomodulatory Effects
62.3.6 PRP: Nociceptive Effects
62.3.7 PRP: Angiogenetic Effects
62.4 Bone Marrow Concentrate (BMC)
62.4.1 Bone Marrow Anatomy
62.4.2 Bone Marrow Regions
62.4.3 Bone Marrow Niche
62.4.4 Stem Cells
62.4.4.1 BMC: Bone Marrow–Specific Stem Cells
62.4.4.2 BMC: Harvesting and Preparation
62.4.4.3 Image Guidance for Bone Marrow Extraction
62.4.5 BMAC Harvesting: Ultrasound Guided
62.4.6 BMAC Harvesting: Fluoroscopic Guided
62.4.6.1 BMC: Immunomodulatory Effects
62.4.6.2 BMC: Angiogenetic Effect
62.4.6.3 BMC: Tissue Repair Processes
62.4.7 BMC Trophic Effects Mediated by PGF
62.5 Adipose Tissue Concentrate (ATC)
62.5.1 Adipose Tissue Structure
62.5.2 Adipose Tissue as a Source of Stem Cells
62.5.2.1 Stromal Vascular Fraction (SVF)
62.5.3 Enzymatic Digestion vs. Mechanical Emulsification
62.5.3.1 Adipose Immunomodulatory Effects
62.5.3.2 ATC: Angiogenetic Effect
62.5.3.3 ATC: Tissue Repair Processes
62.5.3.4 Adipose Tissue Harvesting
62.5.3.5 Bone Marrow MSCs Versus Adipose MSCs
62.6 Summary
References
Index