Accurately diagnosing the myriad of diseases that can affect the mouth, guiding patients correctly, and offering treatment with competence is a permanent challenge for dental surgeons and health professionals. Often, the diagnosis of these diseases is neglected or wrongly performed. This concise book guides health professionals in clinical decision making in oral diseases, assisting them not only on the diagnosis and treatment of oral and maxillofacial diseases, but also in terms of value and benefit of who treats the condition and, above all, who will be treated. The work provides guidelines formulated by a compilation of specific protocols of conduct, focusing on the scientific evidence and enriched by the authors’ critical analyses.
The book is divided into eight main sections that include twenty-eight chapters. Most of them have no more than 5 pages and follow the same format to standardize their use. Each chapter begins with a summary of the topic, a brief description of the main disease that fall into this diagnostic category, and their main definitions. Then, the clinical characteristics, ways of making the diagnosis, and a protocol for treatment for each lesion are presented. Additionally, the experienced authors interestingly discuss their perceptions on how to give bad news in the Oral Medicine setting; and the last section is especially dedicated to the dental management of medically complex patients or with little-known diseases, such as Burning Mouth Syndrome and COVID-19. More than 140 high resolution clinical images illustrate the book.Clinical Decision-Making in Oral Medicine targets is designed for health professionals and physicians from various specialties, who are interested in diseases with systemic repercussions that affect the oral and maxillofacial complex and in oral repercussions of treatments for complex diseases such as head and neck cancer. Students in dentistry may also find the book of value.
Author(s): Alan Roger Santos-Silva, Márcio Ajudarte Lopes, João Figueira Scarini, Pablo Agustin Vargas, Oslei Paes de Almeida
Publisher: Springer
Year: 2023
Language: English
Pages: 203
City: Cham
Foreword
Contents
Part I: Clinical Protocols for Oral Diagnosis
History Taking and Physical Examination
1 History Taking
2 Physical Examination
2.1 Extraoral Physical Examination
2.2 Intraoral Physical Examination (VOE)
Sources
Standardization in Oral Photography
1 Fundamentals
1.1 General
1.1.1 Color
1.1.2 Resolution
1.1.3 Lighting
1.2 Equipment and Accessories
1.3 Camera Setup and Calibration
1.4 Image Standardization
1.4.1 Extraoral Photographs
1.4.2 Intraoral Photographs
2 Technical Sequence for Photographing Oral Lesions
3 Care
4 Storage
Sources
Fine-Needle Aspiration Cytology and Exfoliative Cytology
1 Exfoliative Cytology
1.1 General Principles
1.2 Indications
1.3 Materials
1.4 Technique
2 Fine-Needle Aspiration (FNA)
2.1 General Principles
2.2 Indications
2.3 Contraindications
2.4 Materials
2.5 Technique
Sources
Biopsy of the Oral Mucosa and Histological Assessment
1 General Aspects
2 Instruments and Materials
3 Guidelines
4 Surgical Technique
5 Bone Biopsy
6 Information Shared with the Oral Pathologist
Sources
Protocol for Breaking Bad News
1 Planning the Consultation
2 Understanding Patient Perception
3 Assessing the Patient’s Desire to Know
4 Transmitting the Information
5 Management of Emotions
6 Summarize and Strategize
Sources
Part II: Reactive Lesions and Non-Neoplastic Proliferative Processes
Traumatic Oral Ulcer
1 Clinical Characteristics
1.1 Traumatic Ulcers
1.2 Eosinophilic Ulcer
1.3 Riga-Fede Disease
2 Diagnosis
3 Treatment
Sources
Recurrent Aphthous Stomatitis
1 Clinical Characteristics
1.1 Minor RAS
1.2 Major RAS
1.3 Herpetiform Ulceration
2 Diagnosis
3 Treatment
Sources
Desquamative Gingivitis
1 Clinical Characteristics
2 Diagnosis
3 Treatment
Sources
Non-neoplastic Proliferative Processes
1 Clinical Characteristics
1.1 Pyogenic Granuloma
1.2 Fibrous Hyperplasia
1.3 Peripheral Ossifying Fibroma
1.4 Diagnosis
1.5 Treatment
Sources
Giant Cell Granuloma
1 Clinical Characteristics
1.1 Peripheral Giant Cell Granuloma
1.2 Central Giant Cell Granuloma
2 Diagnosis
3 Differential Diagnoses
4 Treatment
4.1 Peripheral Giant Cell Granuloma
4.2 Central Giant Cell Granuloma
Sources
Part III: Common Oral Infections
Oral Candidiasis
1 Clinical Characteristics
1.1 Pseudomembranous Candidiasis
1.2 Erythematous candidiasis
1.2.1 Acute Atrophic Candidiasis
1.2.2 Chronic Atrophic Candidiasis
1.2.3 Rhomboid Median Glossitis
1.2.4 Angular Cheilitis
1.3 Chronic Hyperplastic Candidiasis
1.4 Mucocutaneous Candidiasis
2 Diagnosis
3 Treatment
3.1 First Line of Treatment
3.2 Second Line of Treatment
3.2.1 Third Line of Treatment
Sources
Oral Herpes
1 Clinical Characteristics
1.1 Primary Herpetic Gingivostomatitis
1.2 Recurrent Herpes
2 Diagnosis
3 Treatment
Sources
Part IV: Salivary Gland Diseases and Tumors
Xerostomia (Dry Mouth)
1 Clinical Characteristics
2 Diagnosis
3 Treatment
Sources
Mucus Extravasation and Retention Phenomena
1 Clinical Characteristics
1.1 Mucocele
1.2 Ranula
1.3 Mucocele and Ranulas Related to Systemic Disorders
1.4 Lesions Similar to a Ranula
2 Treatment
2.1 Mucocele/Ranula
Sources
Minor Salivary Gland Tumors
1 Clinical Characteristics
1.1 Pleomorphic Adenoma
1.2 Canalicular Adenoma
1.3 Mucoepidermoid Carcinoma
1.4 Adenoid Cystic Carcinoma
1.5 Polymorphous Adenocarcinoma
2 Diagnosis
3 Treatment
Sources
Part V: Vascular Diseases
Vascular Anomalies of the Oral Mucosa
1 Clinical Characteristics
1.1 Hemangiomas
1.2 Vascular Malformation
1.3 Arteriovenous Malformation
1.4 Lymphatic Malformation (Oral Lymphangioma)
1.5 Varices (Varicose Veins)
2 Diagnosis
3 Treatment
3.1 Hemangioma
3.2 Vascular Malformations, Hemangioma, and Varices (Varicose Veins)
3.3 Lymphatic Malformation (Oral Lymphangioma)
Sources
Part VI: Mucocutaneous Diseases
Oral Lichen Planus
1 Clinical Characteristics
1.1 Reticular
1.2 Papular
1.3 Plaque-Like
1.4 Erosive
1.5 Atrophic
1.6 Bullous
2 Diagnosis
2.1 Clinical Evaluation
2.2 Incisional Biopsy
3 Treatment
Sources
Pemphigus and Mucous Membrane Pemphigoid
1 Clinical Characteristics
1.1 Pemphigus Vulgaris
1.2 Pemphigoid of the Mucous Membranes
2 Diagnosis
3 Treatment
3.1 Pemphigus Vulgaris
3.1.1 Lesions Restricted to the Oral Mucosa
3.1.2 Lesions Disseminated to Extraoral Sites
3.2 Mucous Membrane Pemphigoid
3.2.1 Lesions Restricted to the Oral Mucosa
3.2.2 Lesions Disseminated to Extraoral Sites
Sources
Part VII: Oral Potentially Malignant Disorders and Cancer
Actinic Cheilitis
1 Clinical Characteristics
2 Diagnosis
3 Treatment
Sources
Oral Leukoplakia and Erythroplakia
1 Clinical Characteristics
2 Diagnosis
3 Treatment
Sources
Oral Cavity Squamous Cell Carcinoma
1 General Aspects
1.1 Squamous Cell Carcinoma of the Lip
1.2 Oral Squamous Cell Carcinoma
2 Clinical Characteristics
2.1 Squamous Cell Carcinoma of the Lip
2.2 Oral Squamous Cell Carcinoma
3 Diagnosis
4 Treatment
Sources
Part VIII: Oral Management Strategies for Patients with Special Needs
Oral Management of Cancer Patients After Multimodality Therapy
1 Clinical Characteristics of the Toxicities of Antineoplastic Therapy
1.1 Trismus
1.2 Mucositis
1.3 Hemorrhage
1.4 Candidiasis
1.5 Alteration in Taste (Dysgeusia)
1.6 Hyposalivation/Xerostomia
1.7 Osteoradionecrosis
1.8 Caries
2 Dental Treatment in Patients Submitted to RDT
2.1 General Principles and Philosophy of Treatment
2.2 Oral Conditioning Protocols
2.3 Trismus
2.4 Oral Mucositis
2.5 Candidiasis
2.6 Alteration in taste (Dysgeusia)
2.7 Hyposalivation
2.8 Osteoradionecrosis
2.9 Caries
2.10 Exodontia
3 Dental Treatment in Patients Undergoing CT
3.1 General Principles and Philosophy of Treatment
3.2 Oral Conditioning Protocols
3.3 Mucositis
3.4 Hemorrhage
3.5 Candidiasis
3.6 Hyposalivation
3.7 Invasive Dental Procedures
Sources
Management of Patients at Risk of Medication-Related Osteonecrosis of the Jaw
1 The Drugs Involved with MRONJ
2 Antiresorptive Agents
3 Angiogenic Inhibiting Agents
4 Additional Risk Factors
5 Clinical Features: What Is the Procedure to Diagnose MRONJ?
6 Clinical Management to Prevent MRONJ
7 Clinical Management to Treat MRONJ
Sources
Oral Management of the Organ and Tissue Transplant Patient
1 Clinical Considerations in Transplant Patients
2 Dental Evaluation
2.1 Pretransplant
2.2 Posttransplant
3 Dental Treatment in Solid Organ Transplant Recipients
3.1 Pretransplant Dental Treatment Guidelines and Philosophy
3.2 Posttransplantation Dental Treatment Guidelines and Philosophy
3.2.1 Immediate Posttransplant Period
3.2.2 Period of Graft Stability
3.2.3 Period of Chronic Rejection
4 Dental Treatment in Patients Submitted to Hematopoietic Stem Cell Transplantation (HSCT)
5 Treatment Guidelines and Philosophy
5.1 Pre-HSCT
5.2 During HSCT
5.3 Post-HSCT
Sources
Oral Management of Patients Undergoing Antithrombotic Therapy
1 Antithrombotic Agents
2 Antiplatelet Agents
3 Anticoagulants
3.1 Oral Anticoagulants
3.2 Heparins
4 Perioperative Management of Patients with AT
4.1 Evidence on the Suspension and Maintenance of AT
4.2 Perioperative Recommendations
4.2.1 Clinical Evaluation
4.3 Dental Treatment
4.4 Local Hemostatic Plan (LHP)
Sources
Management of Oral Lesions in HIV-Positive Patients
1 Oral Lesions Associated with HIV
1.1 Candidiasis
1.2 Oral Hairy Leukoplakia
1.3 Kaposi’s Sarcoma
1.4 Non-Hodgkin Lymphoma
1.5 Periodontal Diseases
1.6 Oral Hyperpigmentation
2 Treatment
2.1 Candidiasis
2.2 Oral Hairy Leukoplakia
2.3 Kaposi’s Sarcoma
2.4 Non-Hodgkin Lymphoma
2.5 Periodontal Diseases
2.6 Oral Hyperpigmentation
Sources
Management of Patients with Burning Mouth Syndrome
1 Clinical Characteristics
1.1 Diagnosis
1.2 Diagnostic Tests
2 Treatment
Sources
Management of Oral Lesions in COVID-19 Patients
1 Salivary and Taste Disorders
2 Oral Mucosal Lesions
3 Clinical Management of Patients with COVID-19 Presenting with Oral Lesions
Sources
Index
