The extended role physiotherapy has been given increased attention over the past decade in North America and Europe. New models of care with expanded scope of practice for allied health professionals have emerged to respond to a continuous increase in the cost of health care and physician and surgeon shortages, especially in settings that provide services to patients with musculoskeletal disorders in rural areas.
This text book provides detailed information on history, etiology, clinical findings, and most importantly imaging characteristics of major conditions of the shoulder joint, which clinicians often face in the clinic. At present, there are no books that have incorporated the shoulder joint's different pathologies for extended role therapists, physician assistants, or family physicians in one place. This book facilitates practical learning for busy clinicians who wish to improve their expertise without having to read multiple books on the subject.
The first nine chapters of the book incorporate the historical perspective of the common shoulder conditions with details on the pioneers who first introduced the pathology in the medical journals. The clinical and imaging hallmarks of each disorder then follow the historical perspective section to assist with identifying the pathology and selecting the best management. Chapters 10-12 provide detailed information on indications and contraindications for different modes of procedural imaging and the specific presentation of common shoulder pathologies on plain radiographs.
Written by the experts in the field, Clinical and Radiological Examination of the Shoulder Joint is a valuable resource for advanced level physiotherapists, family medicine physicians, and specialized physician assistants.
Author(s): Helen Razmjou, Monique Christakis
Publisher: Springer
Year: 2022
Language: English
Pages: 200
City: Cham
Acknowledgments
Contents
Chapter 1: Diagnostic Clinical Decision-Making in Shoulder Pathology
Historical Perspective
Definition of Diagnostic Indices
Origin of Shoulder Pain
Nociceptive Pain
Neuropathic Pain
Cervical Spine-Related Pain
Non-spinal Neuropathic Shoulder Pain
Major Categories of Common Shoulder Pathology
References
Chapter 2: Impingement Syndrome
Primary or Outlet Impingement
Historical Perspective
Intrinsic Factors of Primary Impingement Syndrome
Calcified (Calcifying) Tendinitis
Extrinsic Factors of Primary Impingement Syndrome
Acromion Morphology
Subacromial Osseous Impingement
Acromioclavicular Joint (AC) Pathologies
Osteoarthritis
Os Acromiale
Osteolysis of the Distal Clavicle
Coracoacromial Ligament (CAL) Pathology
Coracoid Impingement Syndrome (CIS)
Clinical Findings of Primary Impingement Syndrome
Internal Impingement Syndrome
Clinical Findings and Management of Internal Impingement Syndrome
Secondary and Functional Impingement Syndrome
References
Chapter 3: Biceps Brachii Pathology
Historical Perspective
Proximal Long Head of Biceps Brachii Pathology
Clinical Findings and Management
Proximal Short Head of Biceps Brachii Pathology
Clinical Findings and Management
Distal Biceps Pathologies
Clinical Findings and Management
References
Chapter 4: Tears of Rotator Cuff Tendons
Historical Perspective
Characteristics, Classification, and Causes
Types of Rotator Cuff Tears (Partial Vs. Full Thickness)
Importance of Cuff Tear Location and Involvement of Rotator Cable
Natural History of Rotator Cuff Disease
Clinical Findings of Rotator Cuff Tears
Differential Diagnosis
Management of Rotator Cuff Tears
Partial-Thickness Rotator Cuff Tears
Full-Thickness Rotator Cuff Tears
Historical Landmarks and Surgical Decision-Making
References
Chapter 5: Cuff Tear Arthropathy
Historical Perspective
Characteristics, Classification, and Causes
Prevalence of CTA
Clinical Findings of Cuff Tear Arthropathy
Range of Motion Assessment
Pseudoparalysis
Strength-Related Clinical Tests
Imaging Investigations
Management of Cuff Tear Arthropathy
References
Chapter 6: Frozen Shoulder
Historical Perspective
Characteristics, Classification, and Causes
Incidence and Risk Factors
Clinical Findings and Role of Capsular Pattern of Restriction
Differential Diagnosis for Frozen Shoulder
Conservative and Surgical Management
Nonsteroidal Anti-Inflammatory Drugs (NSAIDS) and Oral Corticosteroid
Rehabilitation and Manual Therapy
Corticosteroid Injections
Distension Arthrography
Closed Manipulation under Anesthesia
Surgical Release of Capsule
References
Chapter 7: Arthritis of the Glenohumeral Joint
Historical Perspective
Characteristics, Classification, and Causes
Rheumatoid Arthritis of Glenohumeral Joint
Capsulorrhaphy Arthropathy
Avascular Necrosis or Osteonecrosis
Septic Arthritis
Neuropathic Arthropathy
Rare Genetic and Hereditary-Induced Arthritis
References
Chapter 8: Superior Labral Anterior and Posterior Lesions
Historical Perspective
Characteristics, Classification, and Causes
Clinical Findings of SLAP Lesions
Management
References
Chapter 9: Glenohumeral Joint Instability
Historical Perspective
Characteristics, Classification, and Causes
Anterior Glenohumeral Instability
Posterior Glenohumeral Instability
Inferior Glenohumeral Instability
Multidirectional Hypermobility (Laxity)
Rare Hereditary Disorders
Clinical Findings of Glenohumeral Joint Instability
Management
References
Chapter 10: Principles of Radiological Examination
Conventional Radiography
Standard Anteroposterior (AP) View
True Anteroposterior (Grashey) View
Supraspinatus Outlet View
Scapular Outlet “Y” View
Acromioclavicular (Zanca) View
Axillary Lateral View
Stryker Notch View
West Point View
Other Diagnostic Imaging Modalities of the Shoulder Joint
Ultrasonography (US)
Magnetic Resonance Imaging (MRI) without Contrast
Magnetic Resonance Arthrography (MRA)
Computed Tomography (CT) Scan
Disadvantages, Precautions, and Contraindications
Conventional Radiography
Ultrasonography (US)
Magnetic Resonance Imaging (MRI) without Contrast
Magnetic Resonance Arthrography (MRA)
Computed Tomography (CT) Scan
References
Chapter 11: Radiographic Features of Rotator Cuff and Biceps Tendon Pathologies
Subacromial Impingement Syndrome
Inferior Cortical Acromial Sclerosis (Sourcil Sign)
Subacromial Spurs
Subacromial Enthesophytes
Subacromial Osteophytes
Greater Tuberosity Cortical Irregularity
Calcified Tendinitis
Acromion Morphology
Acromioclavicular Joint Osteoarthritis
Chondrocalcinosis
Geyser Cyst
Osteolysis of the Distal Clavicle
Acromioclavicular Joint Separation
Os Acromiale
Biceps Pathology
Proximal Biceps Tendon Pathology
Distal Biceps Tendon Pathology
Partial- and Full-Thickness Rotator Cuff Tears
Inferior Cortical Acromial Sclerosis (Sourcil Sign)
Greater Tuberosity Cortical Irregularity
Humeral Head Cysts
Subacromial Enthesophytes and Osteophytes
Superior Migration of the Humeral Head in Relation to the Glenoid
Critical Shoulder Angle
Other Imaging Modes of Rotator Cuff Tears
References
Chapter 12: Radiographic Features of Glenohumeral Arthritis
Primary Glenohumeral Osteoarthritis
Autoimmune and Inflammatory Arthritis
Secondary Glenohumeral Arthritis
Cuff Tear Arthropathy
Capsulorrhaphy Arthropathy
Avascular Necrosis (AVN) or Osteonecrosis
Septic Arthritis
Neuropathic Arthropathy
Metabolic Conditions and Glenohumeral Joint Arthritis
Radiographic Features of Glenohumeral Instability
Anterior Glenohumeral Instability
Hill-Sachs Lesions
Bankart Cartilaginous and Bony Lesions
Posterior Glenohumeral Instability
Imaging Features of Capsular, Labral, and Rare Pathologies
Adhesive Capsulitis
Superior Labral Pathologies
Benign Bone Tumors
Malignancy
References
Index
