This benchmark publication assembles information on the current and anticipated effects of climate change on animal health. It empowers educators, managers, practitioners, and researchers by providing evidence, experience, and opinions on what we need to do to prepare for, and cope with, the largest threat ever to have faced animals on this planet. With expert contributors from across the globe, the text equips the reader with information and means to develop sustainable adaptation or mitigation actions.
After introducing animal health in a climate change context, chapters look at specific animal health impacts arising from climate change. The book concludes with suggestions on teachable and actionable ideas that could be used to mobilize concepts provided into education or advocacy.
This book was written amid the COVID-19 pandemic and in the face of ever-increasing reports of on-the-ground, real-life climate impacts. Large scale wildfire and ocean heat waves killed unprecedented numbers of animals, while droughts in some areas and floods in others displaced thousands of livestock and made food scarce for even more. Climate change is real, and it is here. How we respond will have profound implications for people, biodiversity, welfare, conservation, societies, economies, and ecosystems.
Today's veterinary educators are awakening to the need to adapt and train a new generation of animal health professionals who can understand and plan for climate change, and this book is an essential resource.
Author(s): Craig Stephen, Colleen Duncan
Series: CRC One Health One Welfare
Publisher: CRC Press
Year: 2022
Language: English
Pages: 334
City: Boca Raton
Cover
Half Title
Series Page
Title Page
Copyright Page
Contents
Editors
Preface
Contributors
1. An Introduction to Current Climate Projections and Their Use in Climate Impacts Research
Introduction - What Is Climate and Why Does It Matter?
Climate Change Past and Implications for Navigating Climate Change Future
Primer on Climate Change Science - Climate Projections and Scenarios
Future Global and Regional Projections
Acknowledgments
Notes
References
2. Overview of Climate Change and Animal Health
What Is Animal Health?
Is Health in the Eye of the Beholder?
Animal Health as the Absence of Disease
Health as a Complete State of Well-Being
Health as Capacity to Cope with Life
A Combined Perspective of Health
Climate Change and Health
Climate Change and the Determinants of Health
What Is Expected for Animal Health Impacts?
Animal Health and Societal Climate Change Resilience
The Challenge of Measuring Health Vulnerability
Summary
References
3. Climate Change Action: An Overview
Overview of Climate Change Action
Climate Change Action Is Complex
Climate Change Action Is about Human Decisions
A General Approach to Known Threats
Climate Change Mitigation
What Is Mitigation?
Mitigating the Climate Impacts of Animals
Mitigating the Climate Impacts of Animal Care
Adaptation and Resilience
What Is Adaptation?
What Is Resilience?
Sustainable Adaptation
The State of Animal Health Adaptation Knowledge
National Climate Adaptation Plans
Animal Health Contributions to Human Community Resilience
Vulnerability Assessment
Harm Reduction as a Philosophy and Option for Action
The Relevance of Harm Reduction to Climate Change Action
Addiction Management as a Climate Change Action Analogy
Harm Reduction in Practice
Harm Reduction Goals
Harm Reduction as a Process
Advocacy and Awareness as Essential Climate Change Actions
Promoting Hope
Summary
References
4. The Study and Classification of Climate-Associated Diseases in Animals
Introduction
Conventional Study of Disease in Animals
The Study of Disease in Individual Animals
The Study of Disease in Groups of Animals
Studying Animal Disease in Our Changing Climate
Classifying Climate-Associated Disease
Unique Attributes in the Study of Animal Disease
Addressing Challenges
Conclusion
References
5. Climate Change and the Determinants of Animal Health
Introduction
Climate Change and the Determinants of Health
Scope of the Chapter
Meeting the Needs for Daily Living
Food Security
Accessing Appropriate Food
Food Safety
Changing Food Needs
Water Security
Water Availability
Water Safety
Water Cycle and Watershed Effects
Physical Security
Heat
Acidification
Conflict
Natural Disaster
Habitat and Housing
Capacity to Cope with Stressors and Change
Innate Capacity to Cope
Bolstering Capacity to Cope
Multi-solving
Meeting Expectations
Productivity
Social Pressures
Conclusion
References
6. Finding a Path through Complexity; Embedding the Science of Climate Change in the Study of Infectious Animal Diseases
How Does Climate Change Affect Infectious Disease Dynamics? Well...It's Complicated
Climate Change Does not Occur in a Vacuum
It's a Question of Scale ... and Every Scale Matters
A Conspicuous Lack of Linearity
Mechanisms for Climate Change Impacts
Interactions of Climate Change with Other Anthropogenic Forces
Turning Knowledge into Action
First, a Professional Stocktake
Practical Integration Strategies
Step 1. Understand the Approach: What Should We Know before We Start?
Step 2. Understand the Question: What Is the Problem and What Resources Do We Have or Need?
Step 3. Find the Team: Who Should Be Involved?
Step 4. Gap Analysis: What Do We Know? What Don't We Know? What Should We Know?
Step 5. Determine the Options for Action: What Could We Do?
Step 6. Evaluate the Options for Action: What Are the Pros/Cons of Different Options?
Step 7. Decision Making: What Will We Do? And, Importantly, What Is Our Motivation to Do It?
8. Review and Adapt: How Will We Monitor Our Actions and Respond?
Case Study: A Mite-y Common Foe, Sarcoptic Mange Epizootic in Quenda (Isoodon Fusciventer) of Western Australia
Conclusion
References
7. Zoonoses
Introduction
Weather and Climate Sensitivity of Zoonoses
Direct Effects on Pathogen Survival
Indirect Effects via Impacts on Modes of Transmission (Including by Arthropod Vectors)
Indirect Effects via Impacts on Reservoir Hosts
Indirect Effects via Impacts on Human Society
Effects on Dispersion
Model-Based Projections for Zoonoses, Evidence for Changes in Patterns, and Attribution to Climate Change
One Health Responses to Zoonoses Risks
Conclusion
References
8. Interactions between Climate Change and Contaminants
Introduction
Change in Abiotic Factors Influencing Contaminant Levels
Glaciers, sea-ice and permafrost
Lakes
Wildfires
Precipitation
Diet Changes
Immunocompetence and Endocrine Disruption
Endocrine Disruption
Immune Disruption
Carcinogen Exposure and Neoplasia Risks
Toxic Algae Blooms
Domestic Animals
Summary and Future Directions
References
9. Climate Change-related Hazards and Disasters: An Unrelenting Threat to Animal and Ecosystem Health
Introduction
Profiling Hazards and Disasters
Considering Animals in Disasters
Examining the Animal Impacts
Approach to Weather and Climate-Related Disasters
Use of the One Health and Related Systems Approaches
Integrating Animals into the Emergency Management System Foundation
Incident Command System
Conclusion
References
10. An Introduction to the Economics of Climate Change and Animal Health
Introduction
How to Think Like an Economist
Animal Health Economics
Direct Economic Valuation Techniques: Welfare Analysis
Indirect Economic Valuation Techniques: Nonmarket Approaches
Distinguishing Among Climate Impact, Adaptation, and Mitigation
Economics of Climate Change and Animal Health Across Three Broad Categories: Wildlife, Livestock, and Companion Animals
Livestock
Impacts of Climate Change on Livestock
Adaptations by Livestock to Climate Change
Livestock and Mitigation of Climate Change
Companion Animals
Impacts of Climate Change on Companion Animals
Adaptations to Climate Change by Companion Animals
Companion Animals and Mitigation of Climate Change
Wildlife
Impacts of Climate Change on Wildlife
Adaptations by Wildlife to Climate Change
Wildlife and Mitigation of Climate Change
Conclusions
References
11. The International Response to Animal Health and Climate Change
Introduction: The Need for an International Response to Animal Health and Climate Change
Mainstreaming Climate Change Response Into Global Animal Health Agendas and Veterinary Services Governance
Global Animal Health Governance in Support of Climate Change Response
Partnering for One Health
Animal Health Needs to Be a Central Component in Addressing Climate Change
Mainstreaming Climate Change Into International Support to National Veterinary Services
Strengthening the Capacities of Veterinary Services and Improving Animal Health to Support Climate Change Response
Strengthening Animal Health Intelligence
Addressing Data Gaps and Data Integration Needs to Strengthen Evidence
Conclusions
Notes
References
12. Preparing For the Unanticipated
Climate Change Will Bring Surprises
Origins of Surprise
Climate-Health Relationships Are Complex
Emergence and Surprise Are Expected in Complex Systems
Tipping Points
Operational and Social Origins of Surprises
Taxonomy of Surprise
Examples of Health Surprises
Preparing for Climate Change Influenced Animal Health Surprises
Animals as Sentinels for Emerging Climate Change Harms
Summary
References
13. Climate Change and Animal Health: The Role of Surveillance Systems
Introduction
Surveillance Overview
Considerations for the Design and Implementation of "Climate Change Ready" Animal Health Surveillance Systems
Surveillance in a Rapidly Changing World
Adaptive Surveillance
Surveillance for Surprise
From Surveillance to Intelligence
Vulnerability Surveillance
Collaboration
Strengthening Existing Capacities
Conclusions
References
14. Climate Change Leadership: Team Building, Change Agents, Planning, Strategy
Protect the Planet Stop TMX
Wet'suwet'en
Blue Dot
Conclusion
References
15. Hope for Health in the Anthropocene
Introduction: Grounding Hope in the Anthropocene
The Relationship between Hope and Optimism
The Case for Despair: From Limits to Growth to Limits to Hope?
The Case for Hope: Toward Intersectoral, Integrative, and Intersectional Environmental Health Practice
Conceptual Innovations in Environmental Public Health: Meeting the Challenge of the "Integration Imperative"
Public Health Bread and Butter with a Side of Jam: (Integrative) Monitoring and Surveillance
Intersectional and Equity-Informed Environmental Public Health
The Future of Multispecies Intersectional Analysis and the Need for a Robust Theory of Interspecific Justice
Conclusion: Finding Hope in a Time of Darkness
References
16. Education to Protect Animal Health in a Changing Climate
Strengthening Sustainability within Programs
Developing a Sustainability Workforce
Building the Academic Environment
Supporting All Animal Health Professionals
References
17. Protecting Animal Health in Our Changing Climate: Key Messages
Message 1: Yes We Can
Message 2: We Must Work Together
Message 3: We Can't Wait for Certainty
Message 4: We Can Challenge the Status Quo
Message 5: It's about Animal Health
Summary
References
Index
