Classic and High-Enthalpy Hypersonic Flows presents a complete look at high-enthalpy hypersonic flow from a review of classic theories to a discussion of future advances centering around the Born-Oppenheim approximation, potential energy surface, and critical point for transition. The state-of-the-art hypersonic flows are defined by a seamless integration of the classic gas dynamic kinetics with nonequilibrium chemical kinetics, quantum transitions, and radiative heat transfer. The book is intended for graduate students studying advanced aerodynamics and taking courses in hypersonic flow. It can also serve as a professional reference for practicing aerospace and mechanical engineers of high-speed aerospace vehicles and propulsion system research, design, and evaluation.FeaturesPresents a comprehensive review of classic hypersonic flow from the Newtonian theory to blast wave analogue.Introduces nonequilibrium chemical kinetics to gas dynamics for hypersonic flows in the high-enthalpy state.Integrates quantum mechanics to high-enthalpy hypersonic flows including dissociation and ionization.Covers the complete heat transfer process with radiative energy transfer for thermal protection of earth reentry vehicle.Develops and verifies the interdisciplinary governing equations for understanding and analyzing realistic hypersonic flows.
Author(s): Joseph J.S. Shang
Publisher: CRC Press
Year: 2023
Language: English
Pages: 326
City: Boca Raton
Cover
Half Title
Title Page
Copyright Page
Dedication
Table of Contents
Preface
Acknowledgement
Author
Section 1 Classic Hypersonic Flow Theories
Chapter 1 Unique Features of Hypersonic Flow Fields
1.1 General Remarks
1.2 Free Molecule, Rarified, and Continuum Gas Domains
1.3 Mean Free Path
1.4 Knudsen Number
1.5 Nonequilibrium Chemical Reactions
1.6 Transport Properties
1.7 Internal Degree of Freedom
1.8 Equation of State
Chapter 2 Aerodynamic Governing Equations
2.1 Boltzmann Equation
2.2 Binary Elastic Collision
2.3 Dynamic Equilibrium State
2.4 Maxwell Distribution Function
2.5 Maxwell Transfer and Euler Equations
2.6 Dynamic Nonequilibrium State
2.7 Navier-Stokes Equation
Chapter 3 Inviscid Hypersonic Flows
3.1 Scope of Inviscid Flow Domain
3.2 Hypersonic Similitudes
3.3 Newtonian Flow Theory
3.4 Rankine-Hugonoit Relation
3.5 Stand-Off Distance
3.6 Mach Number Independent Principle
3.7 Tangent-Wedge and Tangent-Cone Approximations
3.8 Equivalence Principle or Law of Plane Cross Section
3.9 Blast Wave Theory
Chapter 4 Hypersonic Viscous Flows
4.1 Compressible Boundary-Layer Formulation
4.2 Self-Similar Solutions
4.3 Similarity Numbers and Parameters
4.4 Stagnation-Point Heat Transfer
4.5 Laminar-Turbulent Transition
4.6 Turbulent Flow Structure
4.7 Compressible Turbulent Boundary Layer
4.8 Direct Turbulence Numerical Simulation
4.9 Vorticity and Velocity Formulations
Chapter 5 Viscous-Inviscid Interaction
5.1 Computational Simulations
5.2 Leading Edge Mach Wave Interaction
5.3 Vorticity Interaction
5.4 Shock-Boundary-Layer Interaction
5.5 Three-Dimensional Corner Flows
5.6 Resonance and Bifurcation
Section 2 High-Enthalpy Hypersonic Flow
Chapter 6 Quantum Transition
6.1 Heisenberg Uncertainty Principle
6.2 Quantum States of an Atom
6.3 Quantum States of a Molecule
6.4 Schrödinger Equation
6.5 Relaxation of Quantum Transition
6.6 Conservation Equations with Quantum Transition
6.7 Quantum Jumps Modeling
6.8 Validating by Flight Data
Chapter 7 Statistical Thermodynamics
7.1 Microscopic State of the Gas Mixture
7.2 Thermodynamic Equilibrium State
7.3 Internal Degrees of Freedom
7.4 Partition Functions
7.5 Thermodynamic Properties in an Equilibrium State
7.6 Factorization of Partition Functions
7.7 Energy Distribution of Internal Degrees of Freedom
Chapter 8 Nonequilibrium Chemical Reactions
8.1 Law of Mass Action
8.2 Condition of Equilibrium Chemical Reaction
8.3 Coupling Chemical Kinetic with Aerodynamics
8.4 Master Equation for Probability Formulation
8.5 Ab Initio, the First-Principal Approach
8.6 Potential Energy Surface and Critical Point of Transition
Chapter 9 Transport Property of Multi-Species Gas
9.1 Coefficients of Transport Properties
9.2 Intermolecular Forces
9.3 Collision Cross Section
9.4 Collision Integral
9.5 Transport Properties of the Gas Mixture
9.6 Ablation
Chapter 10 Dissociation and Ionized Gas Components
10.1 Dissociation and Ionization Processes
10.2 Lighthill and Saha Equations
10.3 Ionization Mechanisms
10.4 Dynamic Motion of Charged Particles
10.5 Plasma Actuators
10.6 Hall Current
10.7 Joule Heating
Chapter 11 Radiative Heat Transfer
11.1 Fundamental of Radiation
11.2 Classical Theories
11.3 Radiation Rate Equation
11.4 Multi-Flux Methods
11.5 Multi-Spectral Group Approximation
11.6 Ray-Tracing Technique
11.7 Monte Carlo Simulation
Chapter 12 Multi-Disciplinary Governing Equations
12.1 Magnetohydrodynamics Equations
12.2 Hypersonic Flow in an Applied Magnetic Field
12.3 Conservation Equations for High-Enthalpy Hypersonic Flow
12.4 Numerical Algorithm
12.5 Earth Reentry Simulations
12.6 Mechanisms of Scramjet
12.7 Electromagnetic Thruster
Index
