Civil Society Responses to Changing Civic Spaces

Acknowledgements
Contents
Notes on Contributors
List of Figures
List of Tables
Part I Conceptualizing Civil Society and Civic Space
1 Introduction: Civil Society Responses to Changing Civic Spaces
1 Introduction
2 Civic Spaces and Civil Society Responses: Global Trends and Debates
3 Conceptualizing Civil Society and Civic Space
3.1 Civil Society: From NGOs to Civil Society Actors and Practices
3.2 Civic Space: Towards Relational Conceptualization
4 Towards Contextual Analysis of Civic Space: The Chapter Contributions
References
2 Interrogating Civic Space: Applying a Civic-Driven Change Perspective
1 The Emergence of Civic Space as a Concept
2 Theoretical Foundations: From Civil Society to Civic Space
3 From Civic Space to Citizen Agency
4 Analysing Changing Civic Spaces: New Dictators and the Re-emergence of Old Empires
5 How Civic-Driven Change Contributes to the Analysis of Civic Space
References
3 Repertoires of the Possible: Citizen Action in Challenging Settings
1 Introduction
2 Constraints on Citizen Action
2.1 Overt Repression of Citizen Action and Dissent
2.2 Ineffective Institutions for Participation
2.3 Legacies of Fear
2.4 Gendered Norms
2.5 Norms of Quiescence
3 Repertoires of Citizen Action
3.1 More Visible Forms of Action
3.2 Action Under the Radar
4 Outcomes
4.1 Responses from Authorities on Concrete Issues
4.2 Increased Visibility of Issues that Matter to Citizens
4.3 Increases in Political Agency and Capabilities
4.4 Progressive Changes in Norms
5 Conclusions
References
Part II Contextual Dynamics of Civic Space
4 Philanthropy During COVID-19 Emergency: Towards a Postcolonial Perspective?
1 Introduction
2 Philanthropy in Brazil
3 Donations During the Pandemic in Brazil
4 The Tide Setubal Foundation
5 Mobilizations of Urban Peripheries
6 Final Considerations
Appendix
References
5 Sandwiched? Sri Lankan Civic Space Amidst a Repressive Regime and a Pandemic
1 Introduction
2 Understanding the Civic Space: Related Concepts and Their Usage in Sri Lanka
3 Civic Space in Sri Lanka—Forms, Nature and Features
4 Changes in the Context: The Political Sphere
4.1 Assessment of the 2015–2019 Experience
5 The Experience of COVID-19
5.1 The Increased Role of the Military in Governance
6 Impact on the Civic Space
6.1 The Policy, Legal and Regulatory Environment of CSOs/NGOs in Sri Lanka
6.2 Increased Control by the District-Level Bureaucracy
6.3 NGO Secretariat and Close Surveillance
6.4 Civic Space Under Pressure—External Observations
7 Coping Strategies by CSOs
8 Conclusions
References
6 Negotiating CSO Legitimacy in Tanzanian Civic Space
1 Introduction
2 Civic Space, Legitimacy of CSOs, and Democracy
3 Experiencing Restrictions, Negotiating Legitimacy
3.1 NGOs Experiences of and Responses to Restrictive Trends
3.2 Legitimacy Negotiations Civic Spaces
4 Historical Continuities in Shaping Civic Space
5 Conclusions
References
7 Spaces for Peace: Women’s Agency in Mitrovica, Kosovo
1 Introduction
2 The Constrained Context of Mitrovica
3 Women and Peace: Towards a Notion of ‘Spaces for Peace’
4 Spaces for Peace: Women’s Agency in Mitrovica
4.1 Learning/Training Together: Encountering the ‘Other’
4.2 Working Together: Building Relationships
4.3 Travelling Together: Consolidating Relationships
5 Conclusion
References
8 The Algerian Hirak: Civil Society and the Role of Artists in a Civic Space Under Pressure
1 Introduction
2 The Socio-Political Context
3 The Hirak and Its Demands
4 The Power Elite’s Reactions
5 Civil Society and the Hirak
6 Culture, Artists and the Hirak
7 Legal and Other Measures as Well as Arrests
7.1 Censorship and Self-Censorship
8 Concluding Observations
References
9 Constrained Humanitarian Space in Rohingya Response: Views from Bangladeshi NGOs
1 Introduction
2 Conceptualizing Humanitarian Space
3 A Recurrence of the Rohingya Exodus in Bangladesh: Past and the Present Treatment
4 Capturing the Voices of Bangladeshi NGOs
5 Findings and Discussion
5.1 Discrepancies in Localization Discourses in the Rohingya Response
5.2 Institutional Multiplicity in the Rohingya Response
5.3 Disparities in Accountability Mechanisms in the Rohingya Response
6 Conclusion
References
Part III Global Connections and Local Civic Space
10 Advocacy in Constrained Settings. Rethinking Contextuality
1 Introduction
2 Assumptions
3 How Constraining Contexts Matter
3.1 Authoritarian and Hybrid Contexts
3.2 Fragile Contexts
4 Rethinking Contextuality
4.1 CSO Roles
4.2 Advocacy Capacities
4.3 Advocacy Strategies
4.4 Risk Management
5 Conclusion
References
11 The Changing Amazonian Civic Space: Where Soy Meets Resistance
1 Introduction
2 Characteristics of the Amazonian Civic Space—where Agency and Structures Meet
3 Convention 169 from the International Labour Organization: Where Resistance Meets Rights
4 Lower Tocantins: Barcarena and Abaetetuba
5 Lower Tapajós: Santarém, Itaituba and Miritituba
6 Conclusion
References
12 Local Civil Society Initiatives for Peacebuilding in North-East Congo
1 Introduction
2 The Local Turn in Peacebuilding
3 Ituri: A Globalised Political Economy of Conflict and Predation
4 Local Civil Society Responses—Successes and Limitations
4.1 Civil Society Responses
4.2 Successes
4.3 Limitations
5 Conclusion
References
13 Conclusions: Spaces of Hope and Despair?
1 Introduction
2 Context of Civic Action
3 Approaches to (Changing) Civic Space
4 Civil Society Responses to Changing Civic Spaces
5 Spaces of Hope and Despair?
References
Index