Cities at the Heart of Inequalities

Cover
Half-Title Page
Title Page
Copyright Page
Contents
Preface
1. Major Models of the Spatial Organization of Urban Societies
1.1. Historical evolution of the spatiality of social status markers in the city
1.1.1. Ancient and medieval cities: center–periphery model of social status and mosaics of professions
1.1.2. From “vertical” to “horizontal” segregation with industrial cities
1.1.3. Canonical spatial models for contemporary cities: factorial urban ecology
1.2. Slums, informal settlements and shanty towns
1.2.1. Specificities of urban poverty
1.2.2. Increased importance of informal settlements in cities of poor, rapidly developing countries.
1.3. Institutional segregation
1.3.1. Colonial segregation
1.3.2. Rational urbanism
1.4. Separations by choice
1.4.1. Widespread gentrification processes following urban renewal
1.4.2. Gated communities: privatization of public spaces and collective functions.
1.4.3. Cultural and identity-based segregation
1.5. Mobility and unequal accessibility in urban space
1.5.1. Residential mobility
1.5.2. Daily mobility
1.5.3. Social mobility vs. immobility through the city
1.6. Corrections and remedies
1.6.1. Local and national policies, from social housing to politique de la ville
1.6.2. The objectives of international organizations
1.7. Conclusion
1.8. References
2. Land Rent and the Center–Periphery model
2.1. Introduction
2.2. Space and rent: the urban field
2.2.1. The center–periphery gradient, a question of geometry?
2.2.2. Rent theories
2.3. Variations of the urban field by city
2.4. Towards a complex explanatory construction of urban rent inequalities
2.5. Financialization of urban development and conflicts over land use?
2.6. Conclusion
2.7. References
3. Inequalities in Access to Urban Services
3.1. Introduction
3.2. Urban services: definitions
3.3. Urban services and issues of socio-spatial inequality
3.3.1. Logics behind the location of urban services
3.3.2. Services as markers of inequality
3.3.3. The disappearance of local services and the logic of service concentration
3.3.4. Privatization of services: commonplace in the postmodern city
3.4. Access to urban services: a plurality of dimensions
3.4.1. Access to urban services: increasingly complex logics
3.4.2. Different types of services: different access needs
3.4.3. Strategies of disadvantaged populations: how can we overcome barriers to accessing services?
3.5. Conclusion
3.6. References
4. Gentrification and the Real Estate Market: What Can We Learn from the Rent Gap Theory?
4.1. Introduction
4.2. The theoretical basis for thinking about gentrification
4.2.1. Gentrification, epiphenomenon or structural evolution?
4.2.2. Preferences and methodological individualism: “demand-side explanations” of gentrification
4.2.3. Capital switching and the built environment: “supply-side explanations” of gentrifications
4.3. Apparent simplicity leads to great success
4.3.1. An elegant graphic formalization
4.3.2. An all-encompassing and still relevant hypothesis
4.4. Testing and quantifying the rent gap hypothesis
4.4.1. Beggars can’t be choosers: what parameters should we use to measure rent?
4.4.2. What spatial and temporal scales should be adopted?
4.5. What place for the rent gap theory in the geography of real estate?
4.5.1. Soluble rent gaps in the massification of real estate investment?
4.5.2. The scales of the social construction of markets
4.6. Conclusion
4.7. Acknowledgments
4.8. References
5. Socio-spatial Segregation in Cities
5.1. Segregation in metropolises, renewed theoretical issues
5.2. Segregation, social division of space and restratification in the contemporary city
5.2.1. Classical roots of contemporary approaches
5.2.2. After the global city: polarization, dualization, professionalization
5.2.3. Does size matter? Multifactorial approaches
5.2.4. Countering the conceptual hegemony of the global North
5.3. From observations to theories: the multiple factors of segregation
5.3.1. Segregation indices and their critique
5.3.2. Interpretative frameworks derived from the American experience: assimilation, stratification, preferences
5.3.3. From preferences to standard modeling
5.4. Analyzing segregation, scales and temporalities
5.4.1. Analyzing temporal transitions
5.4.2. New data, new temporalities
5.4.3. The nesting of scales
5.5. Conclusion
5.6. Acknowledgments
5.7. References
6. Migrants In and Between the Cities of the World
6.1. Introduction: migration, urbanization and inequalities
6.2. City networks and migration networks: a coincidence rather than a given
6.2.1. Do city networks generate migration networks or vice versa?
6.2.2. Migratory field or circulatory territory?
6.2.3. Global city, secondary city and metropolitan bias
6.3. Migration flows creating urban systems
6.3.1. The globalization of the Maghreb migratory field
6.3.2. Globalization from below, transnational “ethnic niches”?
6.3.3. Migrants and urbanization in Africa
6.3.4. Epidemic perspective on global urbanization: the case of dengue
6.4. Conclusion. Migrants and cities: creators and accelerators of inequalities?
6.5. References
7. Inequalities Between Cities
7.1. Interweaving of scales and cities
7.2. Inequalities related to urban functions
7.2.1. Local market towns and diversified metropolises
7.2.2. Industrial, tourism and extractive cities: specialization as a catalyst
7.3. Inequalities related to urban status and city powers
7.3.1. Capital status
7.3.2. Other special statuses
7.3.3. Unequal power of cities
7.4. Size inequalities
7.4.1. Infrastructure, equipment and services
7.4.2. Agglomeration, inequality and segregation economies
7.6. Image inequalities
7.6. Conclusion
7.7. References
Conclusion
List of Authors
Index