China Internet Development Report 2021: Blue Book for World Internet Conference

Overview
China Internet Development in 2021
With Overall Deployment of New-Type Infrastructure, the Construction of Information Infrastructure Steadily Advances
Breakthroughs Are Constantly Made in Internet Information Technology and the Awareness and Capacity of Innovation Are Continuously Improved
Digital Economy Plays a Leading Role in Economic Development and New “Dual Circulation” Development Pattern Accelerates
Information-Based Services for the Public Release New Vitality and Online Services Reach the Leading Level in the World
The Construction of Internet Content Constantly Improves and Content Production Model Realizes Innovation and Development
With Diverse Threats to Cybersecurity, the Construction of Data Security Governance System Accelerates
The Legalization in Cyberspace Comprehensively Advances and the Governance of Platform Economy Reaches a New Level
International Exchanges and Cooperation in Cyberspace Deepen and the Proposition on Data Security Becomes a Global Consensus
Information Technology Plays a Leading Role in the Reform of Public Welfare Model and the Form of Internet Public Welfare Diversifies
Internet Development in Various Provinces (Autonomous Regions and Municipalities Directly under the Central Government)
Comprehensive Rankings of China Internet Development Index in 2021
The Rankings of the Second-Level Evaluation Indexes
The Trends in China Internet Development
Network Infrastructure Plays a Prominent Role and the Construction of New-Type Infrastructure Accelerates
Digital Economy Maintains High-Quality Development and the Governance System Continually Improves
The Construction of Digital Society and Digital Government is Deeply Implemented and Information-Based Services for the Public Are Continuously Upgraded
Innovation-Driven Development of Internet Content is Achieved and the Construction of Internet Civilization is Strengthened
The Construction of Cybersecurity Guarantee System Is Accelerated and Data Security Protection Is Continuously Strengthened
International Exchanges and Cooperation in Cyberspace Continue to Deepen and Various Countries Play a Greater Role in Making International Rules on Cyberspace
The Ecology of Internet Public Welfare Takes Shape and the Regulation and Capacity Building Advance Side by Side
Contents
Preface
1 The Construction of Information Infrastructure
1.1 Outline
1.2 The Construction of Communication Network Infrastructure Continues to Accelerate
1.2.1 China Takes the Lead in the World in 5G Commercial Development
1.2.2 Optical-Fiber Broadband Enters the Gigabit Era
1.2.3 The Scale Deployment of IPv6 Advances Remarkably
1.2.4 The Construction of Space-Based Network Facility Continues to Advance
1.3 The Construction of Computing Infrastructure Becomes a Key Sector in New-Type Infrastructure Construction
1.3.1 The Layout of Data Centers Continues to Advance
1.3.2 The Application Scope of Cloud Computing Continues to Expand
1.3.3 Edge Computing Possesses Tremendous Development Potential
1.3.4 The Construction of Supercomputing Center Enters the Fast Lane
1.4 New Technological Infrastructure Creates New Engine for Socio-Economic Development
1.4.1 AI Plays a Key Role in Supporting Intelligent Development
1.4.2 The Deployment and Application of Blockchain Accelerate
1.4.3 Quantum Communication Makes New Progress
1.5 Application-Oriented Infrastructure Props up High-Quality Development in a Faster Way
1.5.1 IoT Industrial Ecology Improves Remarkably
1.5.2 The Integration and Application of Industrial Internet Accelerate
1.5.3 IoV Market Scale Expands Fast
2 The Development of Information Technology
2.1 Outline
2.2 Basic Technologies
2.2.1 With Breakthroughs Made in the Segmented Field of High-Performance Computing, Characteristic Applications Arouse Wide Attention
2.2.2 With Continuous Innovation in Software and Information Technology, Their Industrial Scale Gradually Grows
2.2.3 Open Source Ecology Accelerates the Development of Software and Hardware
2.3 Cutting-Edge Technologies
2.3.1 AI Continues to Develop Iteratively and New Exploration Continues to Advance
2.3.2 Cloud Computing Technology Advances Steadily, with High-Level Projects Continuously Launched
2.3.3 The Construction, Application and Innovation of Industrial Internet Infrastructure Improve Side by Side
2.3.4 The Exploration of Cutting-Edge Quantum Information Technology is Forwarded Stably
2.4 New Technologies and New Applications
3 The Development of Digital Economy
3.1 Outline
3.2 Macro Environment for Digital Economy is Continuously Optimized
3.2.1 Macro Strategy Continuously Improves
3.2.2 Local Policies Are Continually Implemented
3.2.3 Digital Transformation Continues to Advance
3.2.4 The Governance of Digital Platforms is Continuously Enhanced
3.3 Data as a Production Factor Becomes Increasingly Prominent
3.3.1 The Total Data Output Expands Rapidly
3.3.2 The Scale of the Data Industry Continues to Grow
3.3.3 Data Element Market Develops Steadfastly
3.4 Digital Industrialization Continues to Advance
3.4.1 The Scale of Electronic Information Manufacturing Increases Significantly
3.4.2 The Scale and Efficiency of Software and IT Service Industries Gradually Improve
3.4.3 Internet Information Content Service Industry Develops Stably
3.4.4 The Ecology of the Internet Industry is Continuously Diversified and Improved
3.4.5 Coordinated Digital and Green Transformation and Development Continue to Deepen
3.5 Industrial Digitization Continues to Deepen
3.5.1 The Level of Agricultural Digitization Continuously Improves
3.5.2 Industrial Digital Transformation Continues to Advance
3.5.3 The Digitization of the Service Industry Accelerates
3.6 New Industries, Business Forms and Models Advance Towards High-Quality Development
3.6.1 Fintech Continues to Deepen
3.6.2 E-commerce Develops Steadily
3.6.3 Sharing Economy is Gradually Segmented
3.7 The Pandemic Objectively Accelerates the Development of the Digital Economy
3.7.1 The Pandemic Speeds up the Development of New Business Forms and Models in the Short Term
3.7.2 The Pandemic Speeds up the Digital Transformation in the Long Term
3.7.3 The Pandemic Enlarges the Demands for Consumption and Investment in the Digital Economy
4 The Development of E-government
4.1 Outline
4.2 The Planning, Layout and Coordination of E-government Continue to Improve
4.2.1 The Planning and Coordination of E-government is Carried Out in an All-Round Way
4.2.2 The Coordination Mechanism is Continuously Improved
4.2.3 Relevant Policies Are Continually Promulgated
4.3 The Construction of Supporting Government Information Infrastructure Continues to Advance
4.3.1 The Planning and Layout of Infrastructure Are Strengthened
4.3.2 The Construction of the System Platform is Continuously Promoted
4.3.3 The Construction of Provincial Government Data in Various Fields is Constantly Enhanced
4.4 The Sharing, Opening and Development of Data Resources Continue to Deepen
4.4.1 Data Sharing
4.4.2 Data Opening
4.4.3 The Development and Utilization of Data
4.5 The Level of Government Data Application Continuously Improves
4.5.1 One-Website Handling
4.5.2 One-Website Management
4.5.3 Innovation and Application
4.6 The Supporting Capacity of Digital Society is Continuously Enhanced
4.6.1 Digital Governance Capacity is Constantly Raised
4.6.2 The Information Services that Benefit Citizens Are Continuously Optimized
4.7 Digital Technology Assists Governments to Prevent and Control the COVID-19 Pandemic
4.7.1 Big Data Serves as the “Strongest Brain” for the Pandemic Prevention & Control
4.7.2 Big Data Serves as the “Best Tool” in Production and Life
5 The Construction of Internet Content
5.1 Outline
5.1.1 The Construction of Positive-Energy Contents is Continuously Strengthened to Create a Clear and Pure Cyberspace
5.1.2 Government-Service New Media Highlight Both Contents and Services and the Consumption Model of Internet Products Matures
5.1.3 Multiple Entities Participate in Comprehensive Cyberspace Governance and Antitrust Governance Becomes a Hot Topic
5.1.4 Media Convergence Develops in a Deeper Way and Technological Innovation Boosts Industrial Development
5.2 Steady Development: New Achievements in the Construction of Internet Content
5.2.1 Various Internet Entities Play an Active Role in the Construction of Positive Energy Contents
5.2.2 Internet Culture Services and Products Are Iteratively Innovated
5.2.3 The Interactivity of Communication Products on Chinese Culture is Enhanced
5.2.4 Government-Service New Media Highlight the Nature of Service
5.2.5 The Influence of Public Communication Enlarges
5.3 Joint Contribution: New Ideas for Comprehensive Cyberspace Governance
5.3.1 Promoting Law-Based Cyberspace Governance and Valuing the Security and Development of Internet Content
5.3.2 Corporate Entities Take More Initiative and Establish Industrial Standards
5.3.3 Social Supervision on Internet Content Becomes Prominent and Pools Efforts in Internet Governance
5.3.4 The Digital Literacy of Internet Users Continuously Improves and Their Enthusiasm Runs High
5.3.5 Emphasis is Placed on Internet Antitrust Governance and the Prevention of Disorderly Expansion of Capital
5.4 Innovation on Big Screen and Small Screen Integration: New Development Trend of Internet Media
5.4.1 Big Screen and Small Screen Integration Alters Media Ecology
5.4.2 Media Create New Cross-Field Business Model
5.4.3 New Media Contents and Technologies Promote Industrial Innovation
6 Cybersecurity Construction
6.1 Outline
6.2 Overall Landscape of Cybersecurity Remains Grim
6.2.1 Traditional Threats to Cybersecurity Continue to Rise
6.2.2 Threats to Cybersecurity Evolve Quickly in the Era of Digital Transformation
6.2.3 Data Security and Personal Information Protection Become More Prominent
6.2.4 Cybersecurity Risks in Major Industries Remain Serious
6.3 The Work of Cybersecurity Protection and Guarantee is Steadily Promoted
6.3.1 Cybersecurity Regulations and Standard Systems Are Continuously Improved
6.3.2 The Classified Protection of Cybersecurity and the Protection of Critical Information Infrastructure Security Are Continually Advanced
6.3.3 The Management of Data Security and the Protection of Personal Information Are Further Strengthened
6.3.4 Code Security Management System is Quickly Improved
6.3.5 The Management of Industrial Internet Security is Constantly Consolidated
6.3.6 The Management Level of Cybersecurity Vulnerability is Continuously Raised
6.4 The Rectification and Governance of Cybersecurity Incidents Are Deepened
6.4.1 The Governance of Cybersecurity Threats to Public Internet is Continuously Carried Out
6.4.2 Prominent Cybersecurity Problems Are Progressively Rectified
6.4.3 Illegal and Disorderly Behaviors in Cyberspace Are Punished According to Law
6.5 Cybersecurity Industry and Technology Develop Vigorously
6.5.1 The Development Trend of Cybersecurity Industry
6.5.2 The Construction of Cybersecurity Industrial Park is Continuously Promoted
6.5.3 Industrial Organizations Foster the Development of Cybersecurity Industry
6.6 Cybersecurity Talent-Training, Publicity and Education Are Continually Promoted
6.6.1 The Demand for Cybersecurity Talent Expands and the Supply Remains Insufficient
6.6.2 The Cultivation of Cybersecurity Talents is Constantly Strengthened
6.6.3 With Diverse Cybersecurity Publicity and Education Activities, Cybersecurity Awareness is Significantly Enhanced
7 Rule-of-Law Construction in Cyberspace
7.1 Outline
7.2 The Legislation on Cybersecurity Continues to Advance and the Top-Level Design of Data Protection Takes Initial Shape
7.2.1 The Legislation on Basic Data Security is Continuously Promoted
7.2.2 Cybersecurity Review System is Continually Improved
7.2.3 The Protection of Critical Information Infrastructure is Constantly Enhanced
7.2.4 The Special Rectification Against Cybercrimes is Launched
7.3 The Legislative Process of Personal Information Protection Accelerates, with Law-Enforcement and Regulation Tightened
7.3.1 The Civil Code Ameliorates the Rules on Privacy and Personal Information Protection
7.3.2 The Special Legislation on Personal Information Protection is Deliberated and Adopted
7.3.3 The Special Rectification of Personal Information Protection on Apps Achieves Positive Results
7.3.4 The Rules on Judicial Protection of Personal Information Are Clarified
7.4 The Law-Based Cyberspace Governance is Strengthened and Cyber Ecological Environment is Purified
7.4.1 The Legal System of Minors Internet Protection is Improved
7.4.2 The Information Content in Cyberspace is Regulated
7.4.3 Online Livestreaming Marketing Information Industry is Regulated
7.4.4 Internet Law-Popularization is Further Promoted
7.4.5 The Regulation of Internet Public Welfare is Augmented
7.5 The Rules on Digital Governance Mature
7.5.1 The Healthy Development of the Digital Economy is Regulated
7.5.2 The Regulatory System of Online Transaction is Optimized
7.5.3 Relevant Cases Provide Examples for the Clarification of Platform Data Rights and Interests
7.5.4 Smart Judiciary Keeps Pace with the Times
7.5.5 Internet Public Welfare Standard System is Constructed
8 Exchanges and Cooperation in International Cyberspace Governance
8.1 Outline
8.2 China’s Participation in International Cyberspace Governance: The General Trend
8.2.1 The Normalization of COVID-19 Prevention and Control Sharply Increases the Demand for International Cyberspace Governance
8.2.2 The Changes in International Relations Continuously Affect the International Governance Ecology of Cyberspace
8.2.3 New Technologies and Applications Breed New Risks in Cyberspace
8.3 Hot Topics in International Cyberspace Governance and China’s Practice
8.3.1 Internet Platform Governance
8.3.2 Data Governance
8.3.3 Technology Governance
8.4 China Enthusiastically Carries Out International Exchanges and Cooperation
8.4.1 Building the Platform for International Cyberspace Governance
8.4.2 Partaking in the Governance Progress Under the U. N. Framework
8.4.3 Actively Strengthening the Exchanges and Cooperation in the Digital Economy
8.4.4 Continuously Initiating International Cooperation on Cybersecurity
8.4.5 Strengthening Exchanges and Cooperation in the Field of Internet Basic Resources
8.4.6 Promoting the Formulation of International Standards in the Field of Information Technology and Security
8.4.7 Promoting International Cooperation on Global Data Security
8.4.8 Strengthening the Cooperation Among Internet Media as Well as Online Cultural Exchanges and Mutual Learning
Postscript