China-Gulf Oil Cooperation Under the Belt and Road Initiative

Foreword
Preface
Contents
About the Editors
Acronyms
1 Introduction
1.1 Global Energy Situation
1.2 Energy Situation in China
1.2.1 The Proposal of the Book
References
2 The Belt and Road Petroleum Map and the Challenge of China’s Energy Cooperation with B&R Countries
2.1 Global Oil Distribution
2.1.1 Global Oil Reserve
2.1.2 Global Oil Production
2.1.3 Global Oil Consumption
2.1.4 Global Oil Movement
2.2 Oil Situation Within Belt and Road
2.2.1 Crude Oil Proven Reserve Within Belt and Road
2.2.2 Oil Production Within Belt and Road
2.2.3 Oil Consumption Within the Belt and Road
2.3 International Energy Cooperation Between China and B&R Countries
2.3.1 Oil Imports of China from B&R Countries
2.3.2 Typical Oil Cooperation Projects of Chinese Company Toward B&R Countries
2.3.3 Challenges of Energy Cooperation Under the BRI
References
3 Energy Cooperation Between China and the GCC Countries Under the BRI
3.1 An Overview of the GCC
3.2 Oil Situation in the GCC Countries
3.2.1 Oil Resource Endowment
3.2.2 Crude Oil Production
3.2.3 Oil Consumption
3.3 Oil Trade Situation Between China and the GCC Countries
3.3.1 The Characteristics of Crude Oil Trade Between China and the GCC Countries
3.3.2 Factors Affecting China’s Crude Oil Import from the GCC
3.3.3 The Prospects for China’s Crude Oil Import from the GCC Countries
3.4 Challenges to Energy Cooperation Between China and the GCC
References
4 The “Belt and Road” and the Safety of Maritime Energy Transportation Channels
4.1 Construction of Worldwide and Nationwide Oil and Gas Pipelines
4.1.1 Construction of Worldwide Oil and Gas Pipeline
4.1.2 Development of Oil and Gas Pipelines in China
4.1.3 Maritime Energy Transportation Channel of China
4.2 Three Indian Ocean Channels Are Concerned with Energy Transportation Safety of China
4.2.1 Strategic Position of the Indian Ocean
4.2.2 Great Significance of Three Indian Ocean Channels for China
4.2.3 Factors Affecting the Safety of China’s Indian Ocean Channels
4.3 Countermeasures for Safety of Chinese Maritime Energy Channels Under the BRI
4.3.1 Construction of Rim Indian Ocean Community and Safety of Chinese Maritime Channels
4.3.2 Revitalize Three Economic Corridors by Land and Sea Transportation: Open Up Marine Outfalls in Western China
References
5 Development Status of Oil Stockpiling of Major Developed Countries and China
5.1 Overview of Oil Reserve
5.1.1 Traceability of Oil Reserve
5.1.2 Classification of Oil Reserve
5.2 Oil Stockpiling System of Major Countries
5.2.1 U.S. Petroleum Stockpiling System
5.2.2 Japanese Petroleum Stockpiling System
5.2.3 German Oil Reserve System
5.2.4 French Oil Reserve System
5.2.5 United Kingdom’s Oil Reserve System
5.3 Development Status of Chinese Oil Reserve
5.3.1 Development History of Chinese Oil Reserve
5.3.2 The Management of Chinese Oil Reserve
5.3.3 Main Problems of Chinese Oil Reserve
References
6 Joint Oil Stockpiling Between Middle East Exporters and Northeast Asian Importers: A Winning Formula?
6.1 Introduction
6.2 Necessity of Joint Oil Stockpiling and IEA Emergency Agreement
6.2.1 The Definition of Joint Oil Reserve
6.2.2 The ‘Joint Oil Stockpiling’ and Strategic Petroleum Reserves (SPR)
6.2.3 The IEA Emergency Agreement: Governance and Performance
6.3 Existing and Proposed Joint Oil Stockpiling Agreements
6.3.1 Joint Oil Stockpiling in South Korea
6.3.2 Joint Oil Stockpiling in Japan
6.3.3 Joint Oil Stockpiling in India
6.3.4 Joint Oil Stockpiling Negotiations in China
6.4 Commercial and Strategic Benefits of Joint Oil Stockpiling
6.4.1 Benefits for the Middle East
6.4.2 Benefits for Northeast Asia
6.4.3 Northeast Asian SPR Cost Savings
6.4.4 Middle East NOC Pricing Norms
6.5 Conclusion
References
7 Analysis of Sino-GCC Energy Cooperation Riskin Perspective of Geopolitics
7.1 Definition of Energy Geopolitics and Chinese Energy Safety
7.1.1 Origin of Classical Geopolitics
7.1.2 Overview of Energy Geopolitics
7.1.3 Strategic Characteristics of Energy Are Important Parts of Current International Geopolitics
7.1.4 Chinese Energy Security is Essentially Geopolitical Security of the Middle East
7.2 The Middle East is Contested by Great Powers
7.2.1 The USA Seeks a Strategic Target to Maintain Its Hegemony in the Middle East
7.2.2 Russia Has National Interests Which Cannot Be Ignored
7.2.3 The Focus of European “Three Carriages” Was Different
7.2.4 Disputes of the Middle East Resulted in US–Russian Rivalries
7.3 Regional Great Powers Engaged in Fierce Battle of the Middle East
7.3.1 Turkey Intends to Dominate the Middle East
7.3.2 “New Cold War” Between Saudi Arabia and Iran During the Upheaval of the Middle East
7.3.3 Israel Strives for Stability in the Middle East
7.4 Impact of Geopolitics on the Middle East: Taking Saudi Arabia as an Example
7.4.1 Simplex Oil-Dependent Economy Puts Pressure on Saudi’s Social Stability
7.4.2 Saudi Arabia Is Trapped by Military Problems
7.4.3 Politics and Religion of Saudi Arabia Are Instable
7.4.4 Saudi Arabia Is Besieged on All Sides Due to External Pressure
7.5 Short Summary
References
8 Construction of the China-GCC Energy Community of Interests Under the BRI
8.1 Background of Constructing a Community for Shared Interests in China-GCC Energy Cooperation
8.1.1 The BRI Helps Public Diplomacy of China Energy
8.1.2 Regional Organizational Features and GCC Energy Development Strategy
8.1.3 Historical Background and Origin of China-GCC Energy Cooperation
8.1.4 BRI Creates New Opportunities for China-GCC Energy Cooperation
8.2 Policy Recommendations for the Construction of China-GCC Energy Community for Shared Destiny
8.2.1 Closer Attention of State Leaders Paid to Building an Energy-Focused, All-Round Strategic Partnership
8.2.2 Seek Common Points While Reserving Difference and Build a Multilevel Cooperation System Using Multilateral Framework
8.2.3 Surpass Complementarities and Deepen Mutual Contacts Through Economic Cooperation
8.2.4 Consolidate the Backup Force and Guarantee Cooperation Using Energy Finance
References