Chicago Manual of Style

Contents
......Page 4
Preface
......Page 10
Acknowledgments
......Page 14
1 Books and Journals
......Page 18
Introduction......Page 19
Pages and Page Numbers......Page 21
Running Heads......Page 23
Front Matter......Page 25
Text......Page 41
Back Matter......Page 45
Covers and Jackets......Page 50
Metadata, Abstracts, and Keywords......Page 52
Introduction......Page 53
Page Numbers and Running Heads......Page 54
Covers, Front Matter, and HomePages......Page 55
Metadata, Abstracts, and Keywords......Page 60
Articles and Other Components......Page 61
Tables and Illustrations......Page 64
Source Citations......Page 65
Version Control and Material Not Available in Print......Page 66
Design and Style......Page 67
Considerations for Electronic Formats
......Page 68
2 Manuscript Preparation, Manuscript Editing, and Proofreading
......Page 74
Overview and Process Outline
......Page 75
Basic Manuscript Submission Requirements......Page 78
Manuscript Formatting......Page 80
Preparing Illustrations and Tables......Page 87
Cross-Checking the Manuscript......Page 88
Preparing the Electronic Manuscript Files......Page 90
Preparing a Manuscript for a Multiauthor Book or Journal......Page 91
Compiling a Manuscript fromPreviously Published Material......Page 93
Principles of Manuscript Editing......Page 94
Editing Specific Parts of a Manuscript......Page 98
Communicating with Authors......Page 102
Preparing a Final Manuscript for Production......Page 104
The Mechanics of Electronic Editing......Page 106
The Mechanics of Editing on Paper......Page 115
Introduction......Page 119
Stages of Proof......Page 120
How to Proofread and What to Look For......Page 123
How to Mark Proofs......Page 126
Double-Checking Proofs and Assigning Responsibility......Page 132
Proofing and Testing Electronic Formats......Page 134
3 Illustrations and Tables
......Page 140
Types of Illustrations and Their Parts......Page 141
Placement and Numbering of Illustrations......Page 145
Preparation of Artwork......Page 149
Captions......Page 151
Credit Lines......Page 156
Lists of Illustrations......Page 159
Charts......Page 160
Introduction......Page 163
Table Numbering and Placement......Page 164
The Parts of a Table......Page 165
Cell Alignment and Formatting......Page 173
Notes to Tables......Page 178
Editing Tables......Page 180
4 Rights, Permissions, and Copyright Administration
......Page 186
Copyright Law and the Licensing of Rights
......Page 187
Varieties of Authorship......Page 189
Rights of the Copyright Owner......Page 190
Copyright and the Public Domain......Page 193
Assigning or Licensing Copyright......Page 198
Copyright Notice......Page 200
Deposit and Registration......Page 202
New Books......Page 204
Journal Articles......Page 210
Theses and Dissertations......Page 211
Alternative Publishing Arrangements......Page 212
Handling Subsidiary Rights......Page 215
The Author’s Responsibilities
......Page 220
Obtaining Permissions......Page 222
Requesting Permission......Page 229
5 Grammar and Usage
......Page 238
Introduction......Page 240
Nouns......Page 241
Pronouns......Page 248
Adjectives......Page 263
Verbs......Page 271
Adverbs......Page 290
Prepositions......Page 294
Conjunctions......Page 302
Interjections......Page 305
Syntax
......Page 306
The Four Traditional Types of Sentence Structures......Page 308
English Sentence Patterns......Page 309
Clauses......Page 310
Negation......Page 312
Expletives......Page 316
Parallel Structure......Page 317
Cleft Sentences......Page 319
Glossary of Problematic Words and Phrases......Page 321
Bias-Free Language......Page 373
6 Punctuation
......Page 378
Punctuation in Relation to Surrounding Text
......Page 379
Punctuation in Relation to Closing Quotation Marks......Page 382
Periods
......Page 384
Commas
......Page 385
Series and the Serial Comma
......Page 386
Commas with Independent Clauses......Page 388
Commas with Dependent Clauses
......Page 389
Commas with Relative Clauses, Appositives,and Descriptive Phrases......Page 391
Commas with Participal and Adverbial Phrases......Page 393
Commas with Introductory Words and Phrases......Page 395
Commas with Dates and Addresses......Page 396
Commas with Quotations and Questions......Page 397
Commas in Personal and Corporate Names......Page 399
Commas with Antithetical Elements......Page 400
Other Uses of the Comma......Page 401
Semicolons
......Page 404
Colons
......Page 406
Question Marks
......Page 408
Exclamation Points
......Page 410
En Dashes......Page 411
Em Dashes......Page 414
2-Em and 3-Em Dashes......Page 416
Parentheses
......Page 417
Brackets and Braces
......Page 418
Slashes
......Page 420
Quotation Marks
......Page 422
Spaces
......Page 423
Multiple Punctuation Marks
......Page 424
Lists and Outline Style
......Page 426
7 Spelling, Distinctive Treatment of Words, and Compounds
......Page 432
Overview
......Page 433
Plurals
......Page 434
The General Rule
......Page 437
Exceptions to the General Rule......Page 438
Particularities of the Possessive......Page 439
“A” and “An”
......Page 442
Ligatures
......Page 443
Word Division
......Page 444
Italics, Capitals, and Quotation Marks
......Page 447
Emphasis......Page 448
Words from Other Languages......Page 449
Highlighting Key Terms and Expressions......Page 450
Words as Words and Letters as Letters......Page 452
Music: Some Typographic Conventions......Page 454
Computer Terms......Page 456
Compounds and Hyphenation
......Page 458
8 Names, Terms, and Titles of Works
......Page 474
General Principles......Page 476
Non-English Names in an English Context......Page 478
Titles and Offices
......Page 482
Epithets, Kinship Names, and Personifications
......Page 489
Ethnic, Socioeconomic, and Other Groups
......Page 491
Parts of the World......Page 493
Political Divisions......Page 496
Topographical Divisions
......Page 498
Public Places and Major Structures
......Page 499
Words Derived from Proper Names
......Page 501
Governmental Bodies
......Page 502
Political and Economic Organizations and Movements
......Page 505
Institutions and Companies
......Page 507
Associations......Page 508
Periods
......Page 509
Events
......Page 510
Cultural Movements and Styles......Page 512
Acts, Treaties, and Government Programs
......Page 514
Awards
......Page 515
Academic Subjects, Courses of Study, and Lecture Series
......Page 516
Calendar and Time Designations
......Page 517
Deities and Revered Persons
......Page 518
Religious Groups
......Page 519
Religious Writings
......Page 522
Religious Events, Concepts, Services, and Objects......Page 524
Forces and Troops......Page 525
Wars, Revolutions, Battles, and Campaigns
......Page 526
Names of Ships and Other Vehicles
......Page 528
Scientific Nantes of Plants and Animals......Page 529
Genetic Terms......Page 532
Astronomical Terms......Page 534
Medical Terms......Page 536
Physical and Chemical Terms......Page 537
Brand Names and Trademarks
......Page 538
Titles of Works
......Page 540
Capitalization, Punctuation, and Italics......Page 541
Books and Periodicals......Page 545
Articles in Periodicals and Parts of a Book
......Page 548
Poems and Plays......Page 550
Unpublished Works
......Page 551
Movies, Television, Radio, and Podcasts
......Page 552
Websites and Blogs......Page 553
Musical Works......Page 555
Works of Art and Exhibitions
......Page 556
9 Numbers
......Page 558
General Principles......Page 559
Large Numbers......Page 562
Physical Quantities......Page 564
Percentages and Decimal Fractions......Page 566
Money......Page 567
Numbered Divisions in Publications and Other Documents......Page 569
Dates
......Page 570
Time of Day......Page 573
Numbers with Proper Names and Titles......Page 575
Addresses and Thoroughfares
......Page 576
Plurals and Punctuation of Numbers
......Page 577
Inclusive Numbers
......Page 581
Roman Numerals
......Page 583
10 Abbreviations
......Page 586
Overview
......Page 587
Personal Names, Titles, and Degrees......Page 591
Companies and Other Organizations
......Page 596
Geographical Terms
......Page 598
Names of Countries......Page 600
Addresses......Page 601
Compass Points, Latitude, and Longitude......Page 602
Designations of Time
......Page 603
Scholarly Abbreviations
......Page 604
Biblical Abbreviations
......Page 611
Technology and Science
......Page 615
The International System of Units
......Page 620
Astronomy......Page 623
Chemical Elements......Page 624
US Measure
......Page 626
Business and Commerce
......Page 628
11 Languages Other than English
......Page 632
Words and Phrases from Other Languages......Page 633
Titles of Works from Other Languages......Page 636
Quotations from Other Languages......Page 637
Languages Using the Latin Alphabet
......Page 640
African Languages......Page 644
French......Page 645
German......Page 649
Italian......Page 652
Latin......Page 654
Spanish......Page 656
Other Languages Using the Latin Alphabet......Page 659
Languages Usually Transliterated (or Romanized)......Page 662
Arabic......Page 663
Chinese and Japanese......Page 666
Hebrew......Page 669
Russian......Page 671
Classical Greek
......Page 675
Breathings and Accents
......Page 676
Punctuation and Numbers......Page 677
Word Division......Page 678
Old English and Middle English
......Page 679
American Sign Language (ASL)
......Page 680
12 Mathematics in Type
......Page 684
General Usage......Page 685
Signs and Symbols......Page 688
Punctuation......Page 694
Mathematical Expressions in Display......Page 696
Numeration......Page 698
Delimiters......Page 699
Subscripts and Superscripts......Page 702
Summations and Integrals......Page 703
Radicals......Page 704
Fractions......Page 705
Matrices and Determinants......Page 707
Scalars, Vectors, and Tensors......Page 709
Definitions, Theorems, and Other Formal Statements......Page 710
Probability and Statistics......Page 711
Preparation and Editing of Paper Manuscripts
......Page 713
13 Quotations and Dialogue
......Page 722
Overview
......Page 723
Permissible Changes to Quotations
......Page 725
Run In or Set Off......Page 726
Assimilation into the Surrounding Text......Page 727
Quotations and Punctuation......Page 728
Initial Capital or Lowercase Letter......Page 730
Block Quotations......Page 732
Poetry Extracts......Page 734
Double or Single Quotation Marks......Page 736
Quotations of More than One Paragraph......Page 737
Quotation Marks Omitted......Page 738
Speech, Dialogue, and Conversation
......Page 739
Drama, Discussions and Interviews, and Field Notes
......Page 741
Ellipses
......Page 743
Interpolations and Clarifications
......Page 747
Attributing Quotations in Text
......Page 749
Sources Following Run-In Quotations......Page 751
Sources Following Block Quotations and Poetry Extracts
......Page 752
14 Notes and Bibliography
......Page 756
Source Citations: An Overview
......Page 758
Sources Consulted Online......Page 760
Basic Format, with Examples and Variations
......Page 766
Note Numbers......Page 770
Shortened Citations......Page 772
Commentary and Quotations in Notes......Page 776
Footnotes versus Endnotes......Page 777
Two Sets of Notes......Page 783
Special Types of Notes
......Page 784
Remedies for Excessive Annotation
......Page 789
Overview
......Page 791
Arrangement of Entries
......Page 796
The 3-Em Dash for Repeated Names in a Bibliography......Page 797
Author’s Name
......Page 799
Title of Work
......Page 806
Books
......Page 814
Editors, Translators, Compilers, or Cowriters......Page 815
Chapters or Other Parts of a Book
......Page 817
Edition......Page 821
Multivolume Works
......Page 822
Series
......Page 826
Facts of Publication......Page 828
Page, Volume, and Other Locating Information......Page 836
Electronic Books......Page 839
Periodicals
......Page 843
Journals......Page 844
Magazines
......Page 852
Newspapers......Page 853
Reviews
......Page 858
Websites, Blogs, and Social Media
......Page 859
Interviews and Personal Communications
......Page 864
Papers, Contracts, and Reports
......Page 866
Manuscript Collections
......Page 869
Reference Works......Page 873
Artwork and Illustrations
......Page 874
Scriptural References......Page 876
Classical Greek and Latin References......Page 877
Musical Scores
......Page 881
Patents and Standards
......Page 882
Citations Taken from Secondary Sources
......Page 883
Recordings and Live Performances......Page 884
Online Multimedia and Apps......Page 888
Legal and Public Documents
......Page 890
Cases and Court Decisions......Page 893
Legislative and Executive Documents......Page 895
Canada......Page 900
United Kingdom......Page 901
International Entities......Page 905
15 Author-Date References
......Page 906
Overview
......Page 907
Basic Format, with Examples and Variations
......Page 908
Reference Lists......Page 913
The 3-Em Dash for Repeated Names in a Reference List......Page 915
Text Citations......Page 917
Author’s Name......Page 923
Title of Work......Page 925
Books......Page 926
Periodicals......Page 929
Websites, Blogs, and Social Media......Page 930
Manuscript Collections......Page 933
Audiovisual Recordings and Other Multimedia......Page 934
Legal and Public Documents......Page 936
16 Indexes
......Page 938
Overview
......Page 939
Main Headings, Subentries, and Locators......Page 941
Cross-References......Page 944
Run-In versus Indented Indexes......Page 947
General Principles of Indexing
......Page 950
Indexing Proper Names and Variants
......Page 951
Indexing Titles of Publications and Other Works
......Page 955
Alphabetizing
......Page 958
Letter by Letter or Word by Word?......Page 959
General Rules of Alphabetizing
......Page 961
Subentries......Page 963
Personal Names......Page 964
Non-English Personal Names......Page 965
Names of Organizations and Businesses......Page 969
Names of Places......Page 970
Punctuating Indexes: A Summary
......Page 971
Before Indexing Begins: Tools and Decisions......Page 973
When to Begin......Page 974
What Parts of the Work to Index......Page 975
Marking Proofs and Preparing Entries......Page 977
Editing and Refining the Entries......Page 980
Editing an Index Compiled by Someone Else
......Page 982
Typographical Considerations for Indexes
......Page 984
Examples of Indexes
......Page 985
Glossary
......Page 990
Bibliography
......Page 1006
1.1 Style
......Page 1007
1.2 Grammar and Usage
......Page 1010
1.3 Research and Writing
......Page 1011
2.1 Manuscript Editing and Proofreading
......Page 1013
2.3 Rights and Permissions
......Page 1014
2.4 Mathematics
......Page 1015
2.6 Design
......Page 1016
2.7 Production
......Page 1017
2.8 The Publishing Industry
......Page 1018
3.1 English Dictionaries
......Page 1019
3.3 Medical and Scientific Dictionaries
......Page 1020
4.1 Biography
......Page 1021
4.2 Geography
......Page 1022
4.5 Guides to Books, Periodicals, and Other Sources
......Page 1023
4.7 Abbreviations
......Page 1026
5 Miscellaneous Works Cited in Text
......Page 1027
Index
......Page 1030
The Chicago Manual of Style
......Page 1160