Chemistry of Nanocrystalline Oxide Materials Combustion Synthesis Properties and Applications

Contents......Page 8
Foreword......Page 14
Preface......Page 16
1.1 General......Page 18
1.2 Preparative Methods......Page 20
1.3 Scope of the Book......Page 22
References......Page 24
2.1 Introduction......Page 26
2.2 Combustible Metal Hydrazine and Metal Hydrazine Carboxylate Complexes......Page 28
2.3 Preparation of Metal Formate, Acetate, Oxalate, and Hydrazine Carboxylates......Page 31
2.3.1 Thermal Analysis and Combustion of Metal Hydrazine Carboxylates......Page 33
2.4 Mixed Metal Oxides......Page 43
2.4.2 Mixed Metal Oxalate Hydrazinates: Precursors to Spinel Ferrites......Page 44
2.5.1 Mixed Metal Hydrazinium Hydrazine Carboxylates: Precursors to Nano-Cobaltites and Ferrites......Page 47
2.5.2 Mixed Metal Hydrazinium Hydrazine Carboxylates: Precursors to Mixed Ferrites......Page 52
2.5.3 Mixed Metal Hydrazinium Hydrazine Carboxylates: Precursors to Manganites......Page 54
References......Page 55
3.1 Introduction......Page 59
3.2 Solution Combustion Synthesis (SCS)......Page 60
3.2.1 Synthesis of Alumina......Page 62
3.2.2 Mechanism of Aluminum Nitrate — Urea Combustion Reaction......Page 63
3.2.3 Thermodynamic Calculation......Page 65
3.3 Role of Fuels......Page 66
3.4 A Recipe for the Synthesis of Various Classes of Oxides......Page 70
3.4.1 Recipe for Nanomaterials......Page 73
3.5 Salient Features of Solution Combustion Method......Page 75
References......Page 76
4.1 Introduction......Page 78
4.2 Alumina and Related Oxide Materials......Page 79
4.3 α-Alumina......Page 82
4.4 Metal Aluminates (MAl2O4)......Page 85
4.5 Rare Earth Orthoaluminates (LnAlO3)......Page 90
4.6 Garnets......Page 91
4.7 Aluminum Borate......Page 95
4.8 Tialite (β-Al2TiO5)......Page 97
4.9 Aluminum Phosphate......Page 100
4.10 Alumina Composites......Page 101
4.10.1 Al2O3 · SiO2 System: Mullite......Page 102
4.10.2 Al2O3 · SiO2 System: Cordierite......Page 104
4.10.3 Al2O3 · Si3N4 System: SiAlON......Page 108
4.11 Alumina Nanocomposites......Page 110
4.11.1 Nanocatalysts,Dispersion ofNano-metals (Ag, Au, Pd, and Pt) in Al2O3......Page 111
4.12.1 Cobalt-Based Blue Alumina and Aluminates......Page 116
4.12.2 Chromium-Doped Pink Alumina (Cr3+/Al2O3): Ruby......Page 121
4.12.3 Chromium-Doped Aluminates and Orthoaluminates (Cr3+/MAl2O4(M = Mg & Zn)) and LaAlO3)......Page 122
4.13 Nanophosphors......Page 123
4.13.1 Phosphor Materials (Luminescence in Aluminum Oxide Hosts)......Page 125
References......Page 131
5.1 Introduction......Page 134
5.2 Synthesis and Properties of Nano-Ceria......Page 136
5.3 Synthesis of Metal-Ion-Substituted Ceria......Page 138
5.4 Characterization of Metal-Ion-Substituted Ceria......Page 141
5.5 Oxygen Storage Materials......Page 149
5.6 Metal-Ion-Substituted Ceria as Nanocatalysts......Page 154
5.6.1 Ce1.xPdxO2.δ as a Three-Way Catalyst......Page 158
5.6.2 Ce1-xPtxO2-......Page 163
5.6.3 Ce1.xRhxO2.δ......Page 164
5.6.4 Bimetal Ionic Catalysts (Ce1.xPtx/2Rhx/2O2.δ)......Page 166
References......Page 168
6.1 Magnetic Materials......Page 171
6.2 γ-Fe2O3......Page 173
6.3 Spinel Ferrites (MFe2O4)......Page 175
6.4.1 Li–Zn Ferrites......Page 178
6.4.2 Mg–Zn Ferrites......Page 182
6.4.3 Ni–Zn Ferrites......Page 184
6.5 Rare Earth Orthoferrites......Page 187
6.6 Garnets (Ln3Fe5O12)......Page 188
6.7 Barium and Strontium Hexaferrites......Page 191
References......Page 194
7.1 Introduction......Page 196
7.2 Nano-TiO2 (Anatase)......Page 199
7.2.1 Synthesis and Properties of Nano-TiO2 (Anatase)......Page 200
7.3 Photocatalytic Properties of Nano-TiO2......Page 206
7.4.1 Synthesis and Photocatalytic Properties of
Ti1.xMxO2.δ (M = Ag, Ce, Cu, Fe, V,W, and Zr)......Page 214
7.4.2 Synthesis and Properties of Ti1.xPdxO2.δ......Page 216
7.4.3 Catalytic Properties of Ti1.xPdxO2.δ......Page 217
7.5 Titanates for NuclearWaste Immobilization......Page 220
7.5.1 Sintering and Microstructure Studies......Page 225
7.6 Concluding Remarks......Page 226
References......Page 227
8.1 Introduction......Page 229
8.2 Zirconia......Page 230
8.2.1 Preparation and Properties of ZrO2......Page 232
8.3 Stabilized Zirconia......Page 237
8.3.1 Magnesia-Stabilized Zirconia......Page 238
8.3.2 Calcia-Stabilized Zirconia......Page 240
8.3.3 Yttria-Stabilized Zirconia (YSZ)......Page 242
8.3.4 Nickel in Yttria-Stabilized Zirconia (Ni–YSZ)......Page 244
8.4 Nano-Zirconia Pigments......Page 249
8.5 ZrO2–Al2O3 System: ZTA......Page 252
8.6 ZrO2–CeO2 System......Page 255
8.7 ZrO2–TiO2 System (ZrTiO4 and Zr5Ti7O24)......Page 259
8.8 ZrO2–Ln2O3 System: Pyrochlores......Page 262
8.9.1 MZr2P3O12(M = Na, K, 1/2 Ca, and 1/4 Zr) and NbZrP3O12......Page 264
8.9.2 NASICON (Na Superionic Conductor) Materials (Na1+xZr2P3-x SixO12)......Page 268
References......Page 271
9.2 Dielectric Materials......Page 273
9.2.1 MTiO3, MZrO3 (M =Ca, Sr, andBa)......Page 275
9.2.2 Lead-Based Dielectric Materials (PbTiO3, PbZrO3, PZT, and PLZT)......Page 276
9.3 Relaxor Materials (PFN, PMN, PNN, and PZN)......Page 282
9.4 Microwave Resonator Materials......Page 287
9.5 Preparation and Properties of LnMO3 (M = Cr, Mn, Fe, Co, andNi)......Page 293
9.6 Preparation and Properties of La1-x SrxMO3 (M = Mn and Fe)......Page 298
9.7 Concluding Remarks......Page 306
References......Page 307
10.1 Synthesis and Properties of Simple Oxides......Page 309
10.2 Metal Silicates......Page 312
10.3 Ceramic Pigments......Page 315
10.3.1 Borate Pigments......Page 316
10.3.2 Metal Chromite Pigments......Page 319
10.3.3 Silicate Pigments......Page 322
10.3.4 Ceria-Based Pigment — Ce1.xPrxO2.δ......Page 325
10.4 Eu3+-Ion-Doped Red Phosphors......Page 330
10.5 Metal Vanadates......Page 335
10.6 Rare Earth Metal Oxides (La2MO4)......Page 337
References......Page 344
A.1.1 Preparation of Titanyl Nitrate (TiO(NO3)2)......Page 347
A.2.1 Carbohydrazide (CH), CH6N4O......Page 348
A.2.4 N, N -Diformyl Hydrazine (DFH), C2H4N2O2......Page 349
A.2.7 3-Methyl Pyrazole 5-One (3MP5O), C4H6N2O......Page 350
References......Page 351
Index......Page 354